Genomic, Pathway Network, and Immunologic Features Distinguishing Squamous Carcinomas

This integrated, multiplatform PanCancer Atlas study co-mapped and identified distinguishing molecular features of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from five sites associated with smokin

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE "ONE-MINUTE " (PROMPT DIRECT REACTING) BILIRUBIN IN SERUM'1

The recent reports of Watson and Ducci (1, 2) have revived interest in the van den Bergh reaction (3), and in the physiological and chemical nature of serum bilirubin. These investigators have presented evidence to show that there are two types of bilirubin in serum, each having a distinctive chemical structure and physiological significance. Their work is based on the premise that the two types can be distinguished by their respective rates of diazotization in the direct van den Bergh reaction, and their observations have led to the conclusion that the prompt direct, or oneminute fraction, represents bilirubin which has been regurgitated from the biliary tree, and that the indirect fraction represents retained bilirubin. The difference in their behavior toward the diazo reagent is ascribed to the nature of their linkage with protein, the prompt direct fraction being a sodium salt loosely bound by adsorption, the indirect being firmly attached by a valence-bond. Another important physiological difference between the two fractions, according to Watson, is evident in their behavior in the kidney, direct bilirubin being excreted, indirect being retained. These conclusions reaffirm the views of many early workers (4-8), but are not in accord with more recent opinion that there is only one type of bilirubin in serum (9-11), that there is no direct relationship between the renal excretion of bilirubin and the direct van den Bergh reaction (12), and that the van den Bergh reaction is of limited diagnostic significance (13). Watson (1) has emphasized two points which he believes may account for this divergence of opinion. First, almost all regurgitated bilirubin diazotizes within one minute in the direct reaction, and the increase in color observed beyond this point is du