The use of computed tomography to explore the microstructure of materials in civil engineering: from rocks to concrete

Computed tomography (CT) is a nondestructive technique, based on absorbing X-rays, that permits the visualisation of the internal microstructure of material. The field of application is very wide. This is a well-known technology in medicine, because of its enormous advantages, but it is also very useful in other fields. Computed tomography is used in palaeontology to study the internal structure of the bones from ancient hominids. In addition, this technology is being used by engineers to analyse the microstructure of materials. Materials engineers use this technology to analyse or develop new materials. Mechanical engineers use CT scans to study the internal defects of materials. Geotechnical engineers use CT scans to study several aspects of the rocks and minerals (cracks, voids, etc). This technology is also very useful to study de microstructure of concrete, especially in case of the new concretes (ultra-high performance concrete, fiber reinforced concrete, etc). In this chapter, an extended state-of-the-art of the most relevant research, related to the use of computed tomography to explore the microstructure of materials in civil and mechanical engineering, is exposed. The main objective of this chapter is that the reader can discover new applications of the computed tomography, different from conventional ones

Desagrauios de Christo nuestro bien Sacramentado, en satisfacion de las ofensas, que contra su Magestad se cometen... : tomo segundo, contiene dos tratados...

BHR/A-007-361(BIB LVL) w-FONDO ANTIGUO(ES-GrU)b13643964-34cbua_ugr(OCoLC)934086407UGRAOPPascual, Miguel Ángel (s.I.)Desagrauios de Christo nuestro bien Sacramentado, en satisfacion de las ofensas, que contra su Magestad se cometen...[En Valencia[4], 224, 104, [24] p., [2] en bl.Lugar, impresor y fecha de imp. tomados del tomo primeroPort. orladaTexto a dos col.Apostillas marginale

Desagrauios de Christo nuestro bien Sacramentado, en satisfacion de las ofensas, que contra su Magestad se cometen... tomo primero ; ponese al principio un Epilogo de la vida, y heroycas virtudes del ... Señor D. Iuan Bautista Ivañez, Obispo electo de Origuela...

BHR/A-007-360(BIB LVL) w-FONDO ANTIGUO(ES-GrU)b13643927-34cbua_ugr(OCoLC)934086377UGRAOPPascual, Miguel Ángel (S.I.)Desagrauios de Christo nuestro bien Sacramentado, en satisfacion de las ofensas, que contra su Magestad se cometen...En Valencia[24], 36 [i.e. 38], 144 p., [2] en bl.Port. orladaError de pag. en la segunda secuencia, 36 por 38Texto a dos col.Apostillas marginalesEpilogo de la vida, y heroycas virtudes del ... Señor Don Iuan Bautista Ivañez..., p. 1-[38

Sistema universal de compresión excéntrica en probeta movible.

Sistema universal de comprensión excéntrica en probeta movible que aplica, sobre probetas de hormigón, una carga vertical controlada en magnitud y variable en posición, situada en un punto tal que cumpla con la condición deseada a priori, en términos de deformación vertical en la fibra de control. Para mover la posición que sobre la probeta presenta el punto de aplicación de la carga vertical se ha diseñado un sistema mecánico independiente del sistema de fuerza que permite mover horizontalmente la posición de la probeta en el interior del cuerpo de la máquina, sin interferir en el sistema de aplicación de carga vertical. Tanto el sistema de fuerza como el sistema de movimiento son gestionados por rutinas informáticas independientes sincronizadas, a través de las cuales se puede, no sólo gestionar el ensayo de acuerdo a los parámetros definidos a priori, sino medir, en todo instante de tiempo, una amplia serie de parámetros de ensayo.Solicitud: 200200583 (04.03.2002)Nº Pub. de Solicitud: ES2198205A1 (16.01.2004

Procedimiento de ensayo de compresión excéntrica en probetas de hormigón.

Procedimiento de ensayo de comprensión excéntrica en probetas de hormigón que tiene por objeto aplicar, sobre probetas de hormigón, una carga vertical creciente en magnitud y variable en posición, situada ésta en un punto tal que la deformación vertical en la región central de la fibra de control de una de las caras presente en todo momento un valor nulo y en la otra cara mida su valor. El ensayo se lleva a cabo en probetas de hormigón de cualquier dosificación, cualquier resistencia y cualquier edad. Se ha desarrollado para probetas de cuatro secciones tipo diferentes, a saber, rectangular, semicircular, triangular con deformación nula en arista y triangular con deformación nula en cara.Solicitud: 200200582 (04.03.2002)Nº Pub. de Solicitud: ES2195775A1 (01.12.2003)Nº de Patente: ES2195775B2 (16.11.2004

Size effect of steel fiber–reinforced concrete cylinders under compressive fatigue loading: Influence of the mesostructure

This study deals with the influence of the fiber concrete mesostructure on the size effect under compressive fatigue loading. For this purpose, three series of cylindrical specimens of steel fiber–reinforced concrete were fabricated. Before fatigue testing, all the cylinders were scanned and the main morphological, orientation, and distribution parameters of the pores and fibers were checked. The images reveal that, near the cylinders’ walls, the porosity is lower than that in the cores and is even lower for large sizes. Additionally, larger specimens are more vulnerable to compressive fatigue loading, resulting in a reduction in fatigue life.The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain with grant nos. PID2019-110928RBC32, PID2019–110928RB–C31, and RTC–2017–6736–3, and from the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, Spain through grant no. SBPLY/19/180501/000220

A User-Friendly Tool to Characterize the Moisture Transfer in Porous Building Materials: FLoW1D

This paper presents a user-friendly tool—FLoW1D (One-Dimensional Water Flow)—for the estimation of parameters that characterize the unsaturated moisture transfer in porous building materials. FLoW1D has been developed in Visual Basic for Applications and implemented as a function of the well-known Microsoft Excel© spreadsheet application. The aim of our work is to provide a simple and useful tool to improve the analysis and interpretation of conventional tests for the characterization of the hygric behavior of porous building materials. FLoW1D embraces the conceptual model described in EN 15026 for moisture transfer in building elements, and its implementation has been verified and validated correctly. In order to show the scope of the code, an example of an application has been presented. The hygric characterization of the limestone that is mostly employed in the Cathedral of Santa Maria and San Julian in Cuenca (Spain) was conducted based on an analysis of the conventional water absorption by capillarity tests (EN 15801)

Charged-particle multiplicities in pp interactions at root s=900 GeV measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

22 páginas, 4 figuras, 1 tabla.-- et al.(ATLAS Collaboration).-- arXiv:1003.3124v2The first measurements from proton-proton collisions recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. Data were collected in December 2009 using a minimum-bias trigger during collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 900 GeV. The charged-particle multiplicity, its dependence on transverse momentum and pseudorapidity. and the relationship between mean transverse momentum and charged-particle multiplicity are measured for events with at least one charged particle in the kinematic range vertical bar eta vertical bar 500 MeV. The measurements are compared to Monte Carlo models of proton-proton collisions and to results from other experiments at the same centre-of-mass energy. The charged-particle multiplicity per event and unit of pseudorapidity eta = 0 is measured to be 1.333 +/- 0.003(stat.) +/- 0.040(syst.), which is 5-15% higher than the Monte Carlo models predict.We are greatly indebted to all CERN’s departments and to the LHC project for their immense efforts not only in building the LHC, but also for their direct contributions to the construction and installation of the ATLAS detector and its infrastructure. All our congratulations go to the LHC operation team for the superb performance during this initial data-taking period. We acknowledge equally warmly all our technical colleagues in the collaborating Institutions without whom the ATLAS detector could not have been built. Furthermore we are grateful to all the funding agencies which supported generously the construction and the commissioning of the ATLAS detector and also provided the computing infrastructure. The ATLAS detector design and construction has taken about fifteen years, and our thoughts are with all our colleagues who sadly could not see its final realisation. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; Yerevan Physics Institute, Armenia; ARC and DEST, Australia; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Forschung, Austria; National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan; State Committee on Science & Technologies of the Republic of Belarus; CNPq and FINEP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC, and CFI, Canada; CERN; CONICYT, Chile; NSFC, China; COLCIENCIAS, Colombia; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic, Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Czech Republic, and Committee for Collaboration of the Czech Republic with CERN; Danish Natural Science Research Council and the Lundbeck Foundation; European Commission, through the ARTEMIS Research Training Network; IN2P3-CNRS and Dapnia-CEA, France; Georgian Academy of Sciences; BMBF, HGF, DFG and MPG, Germany; Ministry of Education and Religion, through the EPEAEK program PYTHAGORAS II and GSRT, Greece; ISF, MINERVA, GIF, DIP, and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; FOM and NWO, Netherlands; The Research Council of Norway; Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland; GRICES and FCT, Portugal; Ministry of Education and Research, Romania; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation and State Atomic Energy Corporation “Rosatom”; JINR; Ministry of Science, Serbia; Department of International Science and Technology Cooperation, Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic; Slovenian Research Agency, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology, Slovenia; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia, Spain; The Swedish Research Council, The Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; State Secretariat for Education and Science, Swiss National Science Foundation, and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; National Science Council, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; The Science and Technology Facilities Council and The Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America.Peer reviewe

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group