The Effect of Severe Intraventricular Hemorrhage on the Biorhythms of Feeding in Premature Infants

Background: Suck-swallow rhythmicity and the integration of breathing into infant feeding are developmentally regulated. Neurological injury and breathing abnormalities can both impact feeding in preterm infants. Objective: To determine the effects of neurologic injury independent of effects of disordered breathing on feeding biorhythms in premature infants. Methods: Low-risk preterm infants (LRP), infants with Grade 3–4 Intraventricular Hemorrhage (IVH), those with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and those with both BPD and IVH (BPD+IVH) were identified. Forty-seven infants, 32–42 weeks Postmenstrual Age (PMA) were evaluated on one or more occasions (131 studies). Of these, 39 infants (81 studies) were performed at \u3e35 weeks PMA. Coefficient of variation (COV) (=standard deviation of the inter-event (e.g., suck-suck, swallow-breath, etc.) interval divided by the mean of the interval) was used to quantify rhythmic stability. Results: To adjust for PMA, only those infants \u3e35–42 weeks were compared. Suck-suck COV was significantly lower (more rhythmically stable) in the LRP group [COV = 0.274 ± 0.051 (S.D.)] compared to all other groups (BPD = 0.325 ± 0.066; IVH = 0.342 ± 0.072; BPD + IVH = 0.314 ± 0.069; all p \u3c 0.05). Similarly, suck-swallow COV was significantly lower in LRP babies (0.360 ± 0.066) compared to the BPD group (0.475 ± 0.113) and the IVH cohort (0.428 ± 0.075) (p \u3c 0.05). The BPD+IVH group (0.424 ± 0.109), while higher, was not quite statistically significant. Conclusions: Severe IVH negatively impacts suck-suck and suck-swallow rhythms. The independent effect of neurological injury in the form of IVH on feeding rhythms suggests that quantitative analysis of feeding may reflect and predict neurological sequelae

Sol Hoopii and the Hawaiian steel guitar

Sol Hoopii was a major historical influence as an innovator, stylist, composer, and arranger. His attainments as a performer were regarded as truly extraordinary, earning him the accolade "King of the Hawaiian Guitar." This specific investigation of the tradition of Hawaiian steel guitar reveals Hoopii's original contributions to this instrument. He was the principal figure who impelled and redirected the evolution of the Hawaiian steel guitar for the next generation of players

Sol Hoopii and the Hawaiian steel guitar

Sol Hoopii was a major historical influence as an innovator, stylist, composer, and arranger. His attainments as a performer were regarded as truly extraordinary, earning him the accolade "King of the Hawaiian Guitar." This specific investigation of the tradition of Hawaiian steel guitar reveals Hoopii's original contributions to this instrument. He was the principal figure who impelled and redirected the evolution of the Hawaiian steel guitar for the next generation of players

Blue Ribbon Panel Report

The report prepared by an external committee responds to a charge from the Secretary of the Navy to "study graduate education programs" as given at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) and at civilian institutions. Recommendations are given with respect to (1) retaining of curricula at NPS, (2) retaining of curricula at civilian institutions, (3) terminating, transferring, or combining of curricula, (4) developing continuing and non-traditional education programs, and (5) using an incremental cost analysis to determine location of curricula offerings