The naked truth: a comprehensive clarification and classification of current 'myths' in naked mole-rat biology.

The naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber) has fascinated zoologists for at least half a century. It has also generated considerable biomedical interest not only because of its extraordinary longevity, but also because of unusual protective features (e.g. its tolerance of variable oxygen availability), which may be pertinent to several human disease states, including ischemia/reperfusion injury and neurodegeneration. A recent article entitled 'Surprisingly long survival of premature conclusions about naked mole-rat biology' described 28 'myths' which, those authors claimed, are a 'perpetuation of beautiful, but falsified, hypotheses' and impede our understanding of this enigmatic mammal. Here, we re-examine each of these 'myths' based on evidence published in the scientific literature. Following Braude et al., we argue that these 'myths' fall into four main categories: (i) 'myths' that would be better described as oversimplifications, some of which persist solely in the popular press; (ii) 'myths' that are based on incomplete understanding, where more evidence is clearly needed; (iii) 'myths' where the accumulation of evidence over the years has led to a revision in interpretation, but where there is no significant disagreement among scientists currently working in the field; (iv) 'myths' where there is a genuine difference in opinion among active researchers, based on alternative interpretations of the available evidence. The term 'myth' is particularly inappropriate when applied to competing, evidence-based hypotheses, which form part of the normal evolution of scientific knowledge. Here, we provide a comprehensive critical review of naked mole-rat biology and attempt to clarify some of these misconceptions

Lettre de Louis Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain (chancelier de France) au prévôt et au vice-sénéchal en la maréchaussée de Saintonge datée du 24 juillet 1713, à Versailles

Lettre de Louis Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain (chancelier de France) au prévôt et au vice-sénéchal en la maréchaussée de Saintonge datée du 24 juillet 1713, à Versailles. In: Correspondance administrative sous le règne de Louis XIV, recueillie et mise en ordre par G. B. Depping. Tome II. Administration de la justice – Police – Galères. Paris : Imprimerie nationale, 1851. p. 531

Lettre de Louis Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain (chancelier de France) au prévôt et au vice-sénéchal en la maréchaussée de Saintonge datée du 24 juillet 1713, à Versailles

Lettre de Louis Phélypeaux de Pontchartrain (chancelier de France) au prévôt et au vice-sénéchal en la maréchaussée de Saintonge datée du 24 juillet 1713, à Versailles. In: Correspondance administrative sous le règne de Louis XIV, recueillie et mise en ordre par G. B. Depping. Tome II. Administration de la justice – Police – Galères. Paris : Imprimerie nationale, 1851. p. 531

Poder otorgado a Manuel María Mosquera por Vicente Hurtado, Paula Hurtado y Antonino Olano

Poder otorgado a Manuel María Mosquera por su sobrinos Vicente Hurtado, Paula Hurtado y Antonino Olano para encargarse de la testamentaria, inventarios y avalúos de los bienes muebles e inmuebles de Vicenta Mosquera de Hurtado y proceder a la liquidación de la mortuoria y al remate de la hacienda Genagra. Incluye: correspondencia entre Manuel María Mosquera, Vicente Hurtado, Francisco José Arboleda y Paula Hurtado. Fechados en Lima, París, Popayán y San Isidro