Genetic variation of the 5‐HT1A rs6295, 5‐HT2A rs6311, and CNR1 rs1049353 and an altered endocannabinoid system in depressed patients

Abstract Background The reasons for developing depression are not fully understood. However, it is known that the serotonergic system plays a role in the etiology, but the endocannabinoid system receives attention. Method In this study, 161 patients with a depressive disorder and 161 healthy participants were examined for the distribution of the CNR1 rs4940353, 5‐HT2A rs6311, and 5‐HT1A rs6295 by high‐resolution melting genotyping. The concentration of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2‐arachidonoylglycerol (2‐AG) in the blood was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated based on self‐questionnaires. Fifty‐nine patients participated in a second appointment to measure the concentration of AEA, 2‐AG, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. Results We observed higher AEA and decreased 2‐AG concentrations in patients with depression compared to healthy participants. During the treatment, the concentrations of AEA and 2‐AG did not change significantly. In patients higher symptoms of anxiety correlated with lower concentrations of 2‐AG. Gender differences were found concerning increased 2‐AG concentration in male patients and increased anxiety symptoms in female patients. Genotypic variations of 5‐HT1A rs6295 and 5‐HT2A rs6311 are associated with altered serotonergic activity and serotonin content in patients. Conclusion In conclusion, it seems that the endocannabinoid system, especially the endocannabinoids 2‐AG and AEA, and genetic variations of the 5‐HT1A and 5‐HT2A could play a role in patients with depression and may be involved in a depressive disorder

Genetic variation of the 5-HT1A rs6295, 5-HT2A rs6311, and CNR1 rs1049353 and an altered endocannabinoid system in depressed patients

$\bf Background$ The reasons for developing depression are not fully understood. However, it is known that the serotonergic system plays a role in the etiology, but the endocannabinoid system receives attention. $\bf Method$ In this study, 161 patients with a depressive disorder and 161 healthy participants were examined for the distribution of the CNR1 rs4940353, 5-HT2A rs6311, and 5-HT1A rs6295 by high-resolution melting genotyping. The concentration of arachidonoyl ethanolamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the blood was measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Additionally, depression and anxiety symptoms were evaluated based on self-questionnaires. Fifty-nine patients participated in a second appointment to measure the concentration of AEA, 2-AG, and symptoms of depression and anxiety. $\bf Results$ We observed higher AEA and decreased 2-AG concentrations in patients with depression compared to healthy participants. During the treatment, the concentrations of AEA and 2-AG did not change significantly. In patients higher symptoms of anxiety correlated with lower concentrations of 2-AG. Gender differences were found concerning increased 2-AG concentration in male patients and increased anxiety symptoms in female patients. Genotypic variations of 5-HT1A rs6295 and 5-HT2A rs6311 are associated with altered serotonergic activity and serotonin content in patients. $\bf Conclusion$ In conclusion, it seems that the endocannabinoid system, especially the endocannabinoids 2-AG and AEA, and genetic variations of the 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A could play a role in patients with depression and may be involved in a depressive disorder