Classification Trees as a Technique for Creating Anomaly-Based Intrusion Detection Systems

Intrusion detection is a critical component of security information systems. The intrusion detection process attempts to detect malicious attacks by examining various data collected during processes on the protected system. This paper examines the anomaly-based intrusion detection based on sequences of system calls. The point is to construct a model that describes normal or acceptable system activity using the classification trees approach. The created database is utilized as a basis for distinguishing the intrusive activity from the legal one using string metric algorithms. The major results of the implemented simulation experiments are presented and discussed as well

Some Evaluations of the Effectiveness of Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection Systems Based on the Junction Tree Algorithm

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to present some evaluations of the effectiveness of IDS based on the junction tree algorithm (JTA). We stop our attention to two statistical methods -sensitivity and specificity which are functions of the true positive rate, the false negative rate and the false positive rate, the true negative rate respectively. Relationship between them is given by the receiver operating characteristic curve, which is one graphically method for estimation. For achieving a balance between the false positive rate and the false negative rate are used the crossover error rate

Comparative Real Time EPR Investigation of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants: As Potential Anticancer Agents and Radio-protectors

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the free-radical scavenging activity against DPPH stable radical and protective properties of the natural products SQGD and P. corylifolia and synthetic nitroxyl- free radical containing nitrosoureas SLENU and SLCNUgly against in vivo oxidative toxicity of antitumor drug CCNU. It was found statistically significant increase in the DPPH radical-scavenging capacity of both extracts with increase of radiation. The natural antioxidants were localised mainly in the organs and blood after EPR biodistribution study. All combinations of natural extracts/ synthetics agents exhibited considerably lower levels of Asc. radicals as compared to controls. It should be mentioned that the natural antioxidants possess higher oxidative protection in comparison with the synthetic antioxidants. Considerable decrease in ROS production in livers of mice was found after treatment with SQGD, P. corylifolia and SLENU, alone, compared to controls.In conclusion, because of well-expressed antioxidant activities of natural and synthetic antioxidants they might be used in the combination anticancer chemotherapy for reducing toxicity caused by anticancer drugs and/or low levels radiation therapy

Pregnancy Rates Associated with Oxidative Stress after Estrus Synchronization of Bulgarian Murrah Buffaloes in Breeding and Non-Breeding Season

Background: The current study aims to measure the effect of oxidative stress on the pregnancy rates of Bulgarian Murrah buffaloes during the breeding and non-breeding season. Methods: The study group consisted of 24 mature buffaloes more than 40 days after parturition. The following parameters were measured: Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) products, Ascorbate radicals, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Nitric Oxide (NO), Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Protein Carbonyl Content (PPC), and total Nitric oxide. The Presynch/Ovsynch protocol was used for estrus synchronization. Results: A statistically significant increase in ROS products were measured in blood serum during the breeding season compared with the non-breeding season. The highest levels measured were in non-pregnant buffaloes during the breeding season. High levels of oxidative stress were registered due to low SOD activity in buffaloes during the breeding season compared to SOD activity during the non-breeding season. The highest SOD activity was observed in non-pregnant buffaloes during the summer season. The lowest GSH-Px levels were observed in non-pregnant buffaloes during both study periods. During the breeding season, concentrations of total NO and PPC were elevated. Conclusion: Comparing the obtained results for oxidative stress and antioxidant activity concerning pregnancy rate depending on the season showed that pregnancy in buffaloes during the breeding season was realized at higher values of NO and SOD. Increased oxidative stress was observed, resulting in a statistically significant increase in serum ROS products, as well as decreased SOD activity in buffaloes during the breeding season

Online rehabilitation of children with disabilities during the first coronavirus pandemic wave in Varna, Bulgaria

The coronavirus pandemic imposed restrictive public health measures to reduce the spread of the infection in all European countries, including Bulgaria. Among the most affected by the restrictions were children with disabilities as this led to a disruption of their regular service provision. The study aimed to understand if online rehabilitation services in Varna, Bulgaria met the needs of children with neurological disorders during the Covid-19 lockdown.Between July and August of 2020, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among parents of children with disabilities who were handled at the Karin Dom Foundation. They were asked to complete a questionnaire regarding the impact of the coronavirus service disruption on the overall rehabilitation strategy and assistance, the influence of online services on the development of their child, and the family’s quality of life during the period of May-June, 2020. In a sample of 62 parents and caregivers of children with neurological impairments, the study finds that the cognitive abilities of children are positively impacted by online rehabilitation services as compared to motor-skill and self-care abilities. Due to secondary pressures on all family members, children with neurological impairments may be at “high-risk” for coronavirus impacts and consequences. Our study found that internet rehabilitation programmes may benefit neurologically impaired children. Public health initiatives may promote family- centered treatment for children with neurological diseases by boosting family well-being. This study calls for greater online crisis services for neurologically challenged children

The Decoding Algorithms as Techniques for Creation the Anomaly Based Intrusion Detection Systems

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Electrochemical, Tribological and Biocompatible Performance of Electron Beam Modified and Coated Ti6Al4V Alloy

Vacuum cathodic arc TiN coatings with overlaying TiO2 film were deposited on polished and surface roughened by electron beam modification (EBM) Ti6Al4V alloy. The substrate microtopography consisted of long grooves formed by the liner scan of the electron beam with appropriate frequencies (500 (AR500) and 850 (AR850) Hz). EBM transformed the α + β Ti6Al4V mixed structure into a single α’-martensite phase. Тhe gradient TiN/TiO2 films deposited on mechanically polished (AR) and EBM (AR500 and AR850) alloys share the same surface chemistry and composition (almost stoichiometric TiN, anatase and rutile in different ratios) but exhibit different topographies (Sa equal to approximately 0.62, 1.73, and 1.08 μm, respectively) over areas of 50 × 50 μm. Although the nanohardness of the coatings on AR500 and AR850 alloy (approximately 10.45 and 9.02 GPa, respectively) was lower than that measured on the film deposited on AR alloy (about 13.05 GPa), the hybrid surface treatment offered improvement in critical adhesive loads, coefficient of friction, and wear-resistance of the surface. In phosphate buffer saline, all coated samples showed low corrosion potentials and passivation current densities, confirming their good corrosion protection. The coated EBM samples cultured with human osteoblast-like MG63 cells demonstrated increased cell attachment, viability, and bone mineralization activity especially for the AR500-coated alloy, compared to uncoated polished alloy. The results underline the synergetic effect between the sub-micron structure and composition of TiN/TiO2 coating and microarchitecture obtained by EBM

Effect of antigen stimulation on the oxidative stress parameters in sperm of outbred and inbred rabbits

The presence of an increased oxidative stress during antigen stimulation was established in the sperm of inbred rabbits by evaluation of the level of real-time free radical formation (ROS and Asc•), final products of oxidation of lipids (MDA) and the activities of antioxidant defence enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). There was not a significant difference between levels of ROS, Asc• and MDA in inbred and outbred rabbits before immunization. The immune response, represented by levels of ROS and Asc• of inbread and outbread rabbits were statistically significantly higher compared to those before immunization (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.00001) Moreover, the levels of ROS in the sperm of inbread rabbits were statistically significantly higher compared to outbread rabbits (p < 0.05). Oxidative stress was accompanied by an adaptive increase of SOD and CAT activities during the immune response, compared to those before immunization. Furthermore, the increased SOD and CAT activities appeared to be sufficient to inactivate the oxidative stress. We measured reduced levels of ROS, Asc• and MDA 30 days after immunization. When immune response reduced, the observed SOD and CAT activities tended to return to the values before immunization. That might have been connected with the decreased oxidative burden. However, CAT activities remained about 1.5 times higher than that before immunization. In conclusion, our results indicate that the administered antigen stimulation induces oxidative stress in both groups inbred and outbred rabbits