122 research outputs found

    Developing an enterprising spirit among engineering college students : what are the educational factors ?

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    The purpose of this chapter is to further what can be called the Entrepreneurial Spirit. Indeed these words, although widely used, have not yet been properly defined in the literature as to how it is created, and what precise aspects can be enhanced through teaching activities. It is a matter of suggesting hypotheses in order to build up a model of how an Entrepreneurial Spirit is engendered among newly trained engineers. Our chapter is divided into four section. The first deals with the question of the definition of the Entrepreneurial Spirit: How does it arise prior to the decision to set up a business? How can the components of an Entrepreneurial Spirit be defined? We suggest a dynamic model. The second section deals with the factors leading to an Entrepreneurial Spirit among young engineers: What is the relevance of the educational background ? What are the possible teaching method variables within engineering college training? The third section presents methodological features of our research. The fourth section presents early results about the projective dimensions of our model of engineering students in 2004. As a conclusion, we present theoretical and practical implications of our research.entreprising spirit, entrepreneurship education

    Pocket money and child effort at school

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    In this paper, we study the relationship between the provision of parental pocket and the level of effort undertaken by the child at school. Under altruism, an increased amount of parental transfer should reduce the child's effort. Our empirical analysis is based on a French data set including about 1,400 parent-child pairs. We find that children do not undertake less effort when their parents are more generous.

    Labor opportunities against family intergenerational exchange

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    We study a model of domestic transfers based on exchange in which children can either work or provide services to their parents to earn some money. Using a French survey, we show that there exist attention-payment mechanisms to the young children from the parents, but these exchanges disappear when children can enter the labor market.

    ReconnaĂźtre la place des Ă©motions dans le travail en groupe

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    Comprend des rĂ©fĂ©rences bibliographiquesLes Ă©motions sont-elles rĂ©vĂ©latrices de l’efficacitĂ© du travail en groupe ? Nous sommes partis d’une recherche initiale comparant deux designs pĂ©dagogiques (autodirigĂ© et dirigĂ©) ayant pour objectif de dĂ©velopper la proactivitĂ© en entrepreneuriat (Verzat, O’Shea & Jore, 2016). Nous en avons extrait des donnĂ©es mettant en relation la perception d’efficacitĂ© groupale et les Ă©motions ressenties pendant les travaux de groupe. L’enquĂȘte a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e en 2013, 2014 et 2015 Ă  l’occasion d’un sĂ©minaire de 15h auprĂšs de 281 Ă©tudiants en Master 1. La recherche montre des relations significatives entre la perception d’efficacitĂ© groupale (Guzzo, Yost, Campbell, & Shea, 1993) et deux groupes d’émotions positives et nĂ©gatives. Nous constatons aussi des liens entre Ă©motions et pĂ©dagogie mais pas entre pĂ©dagogie et efficacitĂ© groupale

    Courtship behaviour reveals temporal regularity is a critical social cue in mouse communication

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    While animals navigating the real world face a barrage of sensory input, their brains evolved to perceptually compress multidimensional information by selectively extracting the features relevant for survival. Notably, communication signals supporting social interactions in several mammalian species consist of acoustically complex sequences of vocalisations. However, little is known about what information listeners extract from such time-varying sensory streams. Here, we utilise female mice’s natural behavioural response to male courtship songs to identify the relevant acoustic dimensions used in their social decisions. We found that females were highly sensitive to disruptions of song temporal regularity and preferentially approached playbacks of intact over rhythmically irregular versions of male songs. In contrast, female behaviour was invariant to manipulations affecting the songs’ sequential organisation or the spectro-temporal structure of individual syllables. The results reveal temporal regularity as a key acoustic cue extracted by mammalian listeners from complex vocal sequences during goal-directed social behaviour

    Image-based deep learning reveals the responses of human motor neurons to stress and VCP-related ALS

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    OBJECTIVES: Although morphological attributes of cells and their substructures are recognized readouts of physiological or pathophysiological states, these have been relatively understudied in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we integrate multichannel fluorescence high-content microscopy data with deep-learning imaging methods to reveal - directly from unsegmented images - novel neurite-associated morphological perturbations associated with (ALS-causing) VCP-mutant human motor neurons (MNs). RESULTS: Surprisingly, we reveal that previously unrecognized disease-relevant information is withheld in broadly used and often considered 'generic' biological markers of nuclei (DAPI) and neurons (ÎČ III-tubulin). Additionally, we identify changes within the information content of ALS-related RNA binding protein (RBP) immunofluorescence imaging that is captured in VCP-mutant MN cultures. Furthermore, by analysing MN cultures exposed to different extrinsic stressors, we show that heat stress recapitulates key aspects of ALS. CONCLUSIONS: Our study therefore reveals disease-relevant information contained in a range of both generic and more specific fluorescent markers, and establishes the use of image-based deep learning methods for rapid, automated and unbiased identification of biological hypotheses

    Initier au projet par le jeu. Evaluation d’une expĂ©rimentation en Ă©cole d’ingĂ©nieurs

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    Cette communication s’appuie sur une recherche-action menĂ©e Ă  l’automne 2006 auprĂšs des Ă©lĂšves ingĂ©nieurs de l’Ecole Centrale de Lille (Bac + 3 et 4). Elle Ă©value l’impact d’un jeu de construction utilisant des spaghettis sur la capacitĂ© des Ă©quipes d’étudiants Ă  Ă©mettre des idĂ©es crĂ©atives, Ă  constituer des groupes, Ă  gĂ©rer leurs relations au sein de ces groupes et Ă  apprendre de leurs expĂ©riences. L’impact du jeu est mesurĂ© par l’analyse des retours d’expĂ©rience en sĂ©ance, puis par le suivi des Ă©quipes de projet rĂ©el qui dĂ©marrent ensuite. Sont examinĂ©s la composition des Ă©quipes, l’origine des sujets six semaines plus tard, puis les auto-Ă©valuations du travail en Ă©quipe au bout de trois mois.This paper is based on an action-research, conducted with students in engineering at the Ecole Centrale de Lille in 2006. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of a construction game using spaghettis on the students’ capacity to suggest creative ideas, to build and manage their team work and to learn from experience. These effects are measured through the immediate feedbacks on the game and the management of real project teams after the game. Items such as the composition of the teams, the origins of their subject six weeks later and self-evaluations of team management after 3 month are examined

    Coopérer dans une équipe de projet entrepreneurial: une affaire de leadership ?

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    L’apprentissage coopĂ©ratif, qualifiĂ© par le partage et l’entraide entre les apprenants, reprĂ©sente un des 4 piliers de rĂ©fĂ©rence pour la pĂ©dagogie par projets dans le domaine de l’entrepreneuriat (Surlemont et Kearney, 2009). Mais, Ă  ce jour, il n’existe pas de description fine des diffĂ©rents niveaux de coopĂ©ration gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par les Ă©quipes-projet ni d’étude de l’interdĂ©pendance effective entre coopĂ©ration et rĂ©ussite des projets. Notre recherche tente d’y rĂ©pondre. Nous avons choisi une approche qualitative basĂ©e sur l’analyse des rĂ©cits d’expĂ©rience vĂ©cue par 13 Ă©quipes-projets en entrepreneuriat, soit 66 Ă©tudiants inscrits en Master 1 ou 2 dans deux Ă©coles de commerce en France. Les rĂ©sultats des analyses, obtenus Ă  l’aide du logiciel NVivo ont permis d’identifier 4 idĂ©aux-types d’équipes. Dans deux types d’équipes, on peut distinguer deux natures diffĂ©rentes de pratiques coopĂ©ratives ; un troisiĂšme s’appuie plutĂŽt sur des pratiques collaboratives et le quatriĂšme n’est ni coopĂ©ratif, ni collaboratif. Les diffĂ©rents types de coopĂ©ration et de collaboration ont Ă©galement une relation directe avec la configuration de leadership Ă©tablie, le niveau d’implication des membres et la qualitĂ© de la production

    Tangling with spaghetti : pedagogical lessons from games

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    International audienceGovernments are seeking to develop entrepreneurial competencies among today’s technology, science, and engineering graduates. However, the creation of “bilingual” graduates who have dual technical and managerial competencies is thwarted by students’ inferior teamwork and interpersonal skills. In education, what is taught is inextricably bound to how it is taught (Dewey, 1916). Current pedagogies in engineering education are insufficiently adapted to student learning style needs (Felder & Silverman, 1988), and the management component of engineering education remains underdeveloped. This problem is keenly felt in one French engineering school where students struggle with a team-based innovation project. We detail efforts made to equip students with teamwork skills by using games as a pedagogical device. Student teams compete to build weight resistant structures using only spaghetti sticks and sewing thread. Their written feedback forms the primary qualitative data for this study. Individual student interviews were subsequently carried out to further uncover potential learning outcomes. We found that students’ responses to the spaghetti game were overwhelmingly positive. Their commentary also illustrates concrete learning of many crucial teamwork processes. Finally, we discuss what makes this pedagogical innovation work and how it should be further studied.<br/

    MESURER L'ESPRIT D'ENTREPRENDRE DES ELEVES INGENIEURS

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    La crĂ©ation d'entreprises innovantes est un enjeu Ă©conomique vital pour l'Europe. Mais comment la dĂ©velopper chez les jeunes ? Comment favoriser l'Ă©closion d'un esprit d'entreprendre qui impulserait Ă  la fois une dynamique d'innovation dans les grandes entreprises et la crĂ©ation d'entreprises nouvelles ? Si un consensus existe quant Ă  ces nĂ©cessitĂ©s, les moyens de dĂ©veloppement et de stimulation de cet esprit ne sont pas complĂštement connus. Notamment parce que la notion « d'esprit d'entreprise » ou celle « d'esprit d'entreprendre » restent encore difficile Ă  dĂ©finir, Ă  quantifier et Ă  relier Ă  la prise effective d'initiatives, ce qui rend dĂ©licate la mesure de l'impact des stratĂ©gies de sensibilisation ou de formation.Le propos de notre recherche est de dĂ©finir ce qu'est l'esprit d'entreprendre chez les Ă©lĂšves ingĂ©nieur, et la maniĂšre avec laquelle il se manifeste. Il s'agit de formuler un cadre d'analyse d'une dĂ©finition et de mesure du dĂ©veloppement de l'esprit d'entreprendre chez les Ă©lĂšves ingĂ©nieurs au fil de leur cursus. Nous nous appuyons pour ce faire sur un modĂšle exploratoire de l'esprit d'entreprendre que nous avons bĂąti sur la base d'une Ă©tude extensive de la littĂ©rature en gestion, sociologie, psychologie et sciences de l'Ă©ducation appliquĂ©es ou non au champ de l'entrepreneuriat (Verzat, Bachelet, Hannachi et Frugier 03). La dĂ©marche que nous proposons s'appuie sur une Ă©tude quantitative longitudinale auprĂšs de l'ensemble des Ă©lĂšves de l'Ă©cole pendant trois annĂ©es.Nous prĂ©senterons notre modĂšle de recherche, puis nous dĂ©taillerons la fabrication du questionnaire et son mode d'administration par web. Enfin nous proposerons quelques premiers rĂ©sultats obtenus lors de notre premiĂšre campagne d'enquĂȘte auprĂšs d'Ă©lĂšves ingĂ©nieurs de premiĂšre annĂ©e.entrepreneuriat, esprit d'entreprendre, esprit d'entreprise, grande Ă©cole, universitĂ©
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