Bronchoscopic Intra-Pleural Instillation of Fibrin Glue and Autologous Blood to Manage Persistent Air Leaks after Lung Resection

Background: Persistent air leak is a common complication after lung resection causing prolonged length of stay and increased healthcare costs. Surgical intervention can be an option, but other more conservative approaches should be considered first. Here, we describe the use of flexible bronchoscopy to apply fibrin glue and autologous blood sequentially to the damaged lung. We named the technique "flexible thoracoscopy". Methods: Medical records from patients with persistent air leaks after lung resection were collected retrospectively. Depending on the type of aerostasis that was performed, two groups were created: flexible thoracoscopy and surgery (thoracotomy). Flexible thoracoscopy was introduced at our institution in 2013. We entered the pleural space with a bronchoscope following the same surgical pathway that was used for tube thoracostomy. Perioperative characteristics and outcomes were analyzed using R software (ver. 3.4.4). Results: From 1997 to 2021, a total of 23 patients required an intervention for persistent air leaks. Aerostasis was performed via flexible thoracoscopy in seventeen patients (69%) and via thoracotomy in six patients (31%). The median age was 70 years (22-82). Twenty patients were males (87%). There was no difference in age, sex distribution, BMI, comorbidities and FEV1%. An ASA score of 3 was more represented in the flexible thoracoscopy group; however, no evidence of a difference was found when compared to the thoracotomy group (p = 0.124). Length of in-hospital stay and chest tube duration was also similar between groups (p = 1 and p = 0.68, respectively). Conclusions: Aerostasis achieved either by flexible thoracoscopy or by thoracotomy showed similar results. We believe that flexible thoracoscopy could be a valid alternative to facilitate minimally invasive treatments for persistent air leaks. Further studies are needed to confirm these results

How future surgery will benefit from SARS-COV-2-related measures: a SPIGC survey conveying the perspective of Italian surgeons

COVID-19 negatively affected surgical activity, but the potential benefits resulting from adopted measures remain unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in surgical activity and potential benefit from COVID-19 measures in perspective of Italian surgeons on behalf of SPIGC. A nationwide online survey on surgical practice before, during, and after COVID-19 pandemic was conducted in March-April 2022 (NCT:05323851). Effects of COVID-19 hospital-related measures on surgical patients' management and personal professional development across surgical specialties were explored. Data on demographics, pre-operative/peri-operative/post-operative management, and professional development were collected. Outcomes were matched with the corresponding volume. Four hundred and seventy-three respondents were included in final analysis across 14 surgical specialties. Since SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, application of telematic consultations (4.1% vs. 21.6%; p < 0.0001) and diagnostic evaluations (16.4% vs. 42.2%; p < 0.0001) increased. Elective surgical activities significantly reduced and surgeons opted more frequently for conservative management with a possible indication for elective (26.3% vs. 35.7%; p < 0.0001) or urgent (20.4% vs. 38.5%; p < 0.0001) surgery. All new COVID-related measures are perceived to be maintained in the future. Surgeons' personal education online increased from 12.6% (pre-COVID) to 86.6% (post-COVID; p < 0.0001). Online educational activities are considered a beneficial effect from COVID pandemic (56.4%). COVID-19 had a great impact on surgical specialties, with significant reduction of operation volume. However, some forced changes turned out to be benefits. Isolation measures pushed the use of telemedicine and telemetric devices for outpatient practice and favored communication for educational purposes and surgeon-patient/family communication. From the Italian surgeons' perspective, COVID-related measures will continue to influence future surgical clinical practice

Single-Center 20-Year Experience in Surgical Treatment of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma

Objectives: We examined a series of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) patients who consecutively underwent surgery in our institution during the last 20 years. Across this period, we changed our surgical approach to MPM, adopting extended pleurectomy and decortication (eP/D) instead of extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP). In this study, we compare the perioperative outcomes and long-term survival of patients who underwent EPP vs. eP/D. Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out of all the MPM patients identified from our departmental database who underwent EPP or P/D from 2000 to 2021. Clavien–Dindo criteria was adopted to score postoperative complications, while Kaplan–Meier methods and a Cox multivariable analysis were used to perform the survival analysis. Results: Of 163 patients, 78 (48%) underwent EPP and 85 (52%) eP/D. Induction chemotherapy was significantly administrated more often in the eP/D group (88% vs. 51%). Complete trimodality treatment including induction chemotherapy, radical surgery, and adjuvant radiotherapy was administered in 74% of the eP/D group versus 32% of the EPP group (p < 0.001). The postoperative morbidity rate was higher in the eP/D group (54%) compared to the EPP group (36%) (p = 0.02); no statistically significant differences were identified concerning major complications (EPP 43% vs. eP/D 24%, p = 0.08). No statistical differences were identified in 30-day mortality, 90-day mortality, median disease-free, and overall survival statistics between the two groups. The Cox multivariable analysis confirmed no induction chemotherapy (HR, 0.5; p = 0.002), RDW (HR, 1.08; p = 0.02), and the presence of pathological nodal disease (HR, 1.99; p = 0.001) as factors associated with worse survival in the entire series. Conclusions: Our data support that eP/D is a well-tolerated procedure allowing the implementation of a trimodality strategy (induction chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy) in most MPM patients. When eP/D is offered in this setting, the oncological results are comparable to EPP. To obtain the best oncological results, the goal of surgical resection should be macroscopic complete resection (R0) in carefully selected patients (clinical N0)

Surgical and Oncological Outcomes of En-Bloc Resection for Malignancies Invading the Thoracic Spine

Objective(s): There is still limited data in the literature concerning the survival of patients with tumors of the thoracic spine. In this study, we analyzed clinical features, perioperative and long-term outcomes in patients who underwent vertebrectomy for cancer. Furthermore, we evaluated the survival and surgical complications. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of thoracic spinal tumors treated by the same team between 1998 and 2018. We divided them into three groups according to type of tumor (primary vertebral, primary lung and metastases) and compared outcomes. For each patient, Overall Survival (OS) and Cumulative Incidence of Relapse (CIR) were estimated. Complications and survival were analyzed using a logistic model. Results: Seventy-two patients underwent thoracic spine surgery (40 in group 1, 16 in each group 2 and 3). Thirty patients died at the end of the observation at a mean follow up time of 60 months (41%). The 5-year overall survival was 72% (95% CI: 0.52–0.84), 20% (95% CI: 0.05–0.43) and 27% (95% CI: 0.05–0.56) for each group, respectively. CIR of group 3 was higher (HR 2.57, 95% CI: 1.22–5.45, p = 0.013). The logistic model revealed that age was related to complications (p = 0.04), while surgery for a type 3 tumor was related to mortality (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Although the cohort size was limited, primary vertebral tumors displayed the best 5-y-OS with an acceptable complications rate. The indication of surgery should be advised by a multidisciplinary team and only for selected cases. Finally, the use of a combined approach does not increase the risk of complications

Early Hospital Discharge on Day Two Post Robotic Lobectomy with Telehealth Home Monitoring: A Pilot Study

Despite the adoption of enhanced recovery programs, the reported postoperative length of stay after robotic surgery is 4 days even in highly specialized centers. We report preliminary results of a pilot study for a new protocol of early discharge (on day 2) with telehealth home monitoring after robotic lobectomy for lung cancer. All patients with a caregiver were discharged on postoperative day 2 with a telemonitoring device if they satisfied specific discharge criteria. Teleconsultations were scheduled once in the afternoon of post-operative day 2, twice on postoperative day 3, and then once a day until the chest tube removal. Post-discharge vital signs were recorded by patients at least four times daily through the device and were available for consultation by two surgeons through phone application. In case of sudden variation of vital signs or occurrence of adverse events, a direct telephone line was available for patients as well as a protected re-hospitalization path. Primary outcome was the safety evaluated by the occurrence of post-discharge complications and readmissions. Secondary outcome was the evaluation of resources optimization (hospitalization days) maintaining the standard of care. During the study period, twelve patients satisfied all preoperative clinical criteria to be enrolled in our protocol. Two of twelve enrolled patients were successively excluded because they did not satisfy discharge criteria on postoperative day 2. During telehealth home monitoring a total of 27/427 vital-sign measurements violated the threshold in seven patients. Among the threshold violations, only 1 out of 27 was a critical violation and was managed at home. No postoperative complication occurred neither readmission was needed. A mean number of three hospitalization days was avoided and an estimated economic benefit of about EUR 500 for a single patient was obtained if compared with patients submitted to VATS lobectomy in the same period. These preliminary results confirm that adoption of telemonitoring allows, in selected patients, a safe discharge on postoperative day 2 after robotic surgery for early-stage NSCLC. A potential economic benefit could derive from this protocol if this data will be confirmed in larger sample