Simian virus 40 in humans

Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a monkey virus that was administered to human populations by contaminated vaccines which were produced in SV40 naturally infected monkey cells

Small Non-Coding RNAs in Leukemia

In 2020, more than 60,500 people were diagnosed with leukemia in the USA, and more than 23,000 died. The incidence of leukemia is still rising, and drug resistance development is a serious concern for patients’ wellbeing and survival. In the past two decades, small non-coding RNAs have been studied to evaluate their functions and possible role in cancer pathogenesis. Small non-coding RNAs are short RNA molecules involved in several cellular processes by regulating the expression of genes. An increasing body of evidence collected by many independent studies shows that the expression of these molecules is tissue specific, and that their dysregulation alters the expression of genes involved in tumor development, progression and drug response. Indeed, small non-coding RNAs play a pivotal role in the onset, staging, relapse and drug response of hematological malignancies and cancers in general. These findings strongly suggest that small non-coding RNAs could function as biomarkers and possible targets for therapy. Thus, in this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of small non-coding RNA expression in different types of leukemia and assess their potential clinical implications

Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Development of Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy Approaches for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

In the past decade, novel targeted therapy approaches, such as BTK inhibitors and Bcl2 blockers, and innovative treatments that regulate the immune response against cancer cells, such as monoclonal antibodies, CAR-T cell therapy, and immunomodulatory molecules, have been established to provide support for the treatment of patients. However, drug resistance development and relapse are still major challenges in CLL treatment. Several studies revealed that non-coding RNAs have a main role in the development and progression of CLL. Specifically, microRNAs (miRs) and tRNA-derived small-RNAs (tsRNAs) were shown to be outstanding biomarkers that can be used to diagnose and monitor the disease and to possibly anticipate drug resistance and relapse, thus supporting physicians in the selection of treatment regimens tailored to the patient needs. In this review, we will summarize the most recent discoveries in the field of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for CLL and discuss the role of ncRNAs in the development of novel drugs and combination regimens for CLL patients

Small Non-Coding RNAs in Leukemia

In 2020, more than 60,500 people were diagnosed with leukemia in the USA, and more than 23,000 died. The incidence of leukemia is still rising, and drug resistance development is a serious concern for patients’ wellbeing and survival. In the past two decades, small non-coding RNAs have been studied to evaluate their functions and possible role in cancer pathogenesis. Small non-coding RNAs are short RNA molecules involved in several cellular processes by regulating the expression of genes. An increasing body of evidence collected by many independent studies shows that the expression of these molecules is tissue specific, and that their dysregulation alters the expression of genes involved in tumor development, progression and drug response. Indeed, small non-coding RNAs play a pivotal role in the onset, staging, relapse and drug response of hematological malignancies and cancers in general. These findings strongly suggest that small non-coding RNAs could function as biomarkers and possible targets for therapy. Thus, in this review, we summarize the regulatory mechanisms of small non-coding RNA expression in different types of leukemia and assess their potential clinical implications

ASPETTI GENETICI DELLE PATOLOGIE DEL COLON

none4Il cancro del colon è una malattia genetica delle cellule somatiche di questo distretto anatomico. Il 5% della popolazione, senza distinzione tra i due sessi, sviluppa il cancro colorettale. L’elevata prevalenza di questa patologia la fa annoverare tra gli aspetti sanitari importanti per la popolazione. Il cancro del colon può essere sporadico, ereditario o famigliare (Tabella 1). La forma sporadica, con o senza predisposizione famigliare, comprende circa al 70% dei casi e insorge principalmente in persone con una età maggiore di 50 anni. Le alterazioni del DNA delle cellule somatiche sono dovute a diversi fattori, come i carcinogeni ambientali assunti con la dieta, e a mutazioni geniche e/o epigenetiche che si osservano principalmente con l’invecchiamento. Meno del 10% del cancro al colon, come per altri tumori umani, è di origine ereditaria. I casi ereditari si manifestano sia in assenza che in presenza di poliposi coliche. I casi con poliposi sono suddivisi in poliposi adenomatosa famigliare e amartomatosi. I non poliposici predominanti comprendono il cancro del colon ereditario non poliposico (HNPCC), o sindrome di Lynch I, e la sindrome famigliare da cancro o sindrome di Lynch II. La sindrome di tipo I interessa esclusivamente il colon, mentre nel tipo II l'interessamento del colon è sempre predominante ma in associazione ad altre neoplasie come il carcinoma dell'utero, delle ovaie, del tratto epatobiliare, del pancreas, delle vie urinarie. Queste sindromi sebbene poco comuni forniscono importanti spiegazioni sulla biologia di tutti i tipi di cancro colorettale. Il terzo tipo di cancro al colon è conosciuto come cancro del colon famigliare. Nelle famiglie affette, il cancro del colon si sviluppa troppo frequentemente per essere considerato un cancro sporadico, ma tuttavia gli osservati sono meno degli attesi rispetto alla forma sindromica ereditaria. Fino ad un 25% di tutti i casi di cancro al colon dovrebbe rientrare in questa categoria.noneMARTINI F; BALATTI V; RICCIARDIELLO L; M. TOGNONMartini, Fernanda; Balatti, Veronica; Ricciardiello, L; Tognon, Maur

GLIOBLASTOMA IN A PATIENT WITH PROFESSIONAL EXPOSURE TO THE ONCOGENIC POLYOMAVIRUS SV40.

AIM. In previous investigations transforming sequences of the DNA tumor virus, named simian virus 40 (SV40), have been found in human brain tumors, thereby suggesting a role for SV40 in human tumorigenesis. A recent study reported the case of a meningioma in a SV40-exposed scientist. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of specific SV40 sequences in a laboratory investigator, professionally exposed since 1998 to the oncogenic SV40, who developed a glioblastoma multiforme. METHODS. DNA from tumor and blood specimens was analyzed by PCR and filter hybridization. RESULTS. Tumor and blood samples from the patient tested negative for SV40 sequences. CONCLUSION. Our data do not support in this clinical case the link between the SV40 exposure and the brain tumor

Sequenze specifiche del DNA del virus oncogeno SV40 in buffy coats umani.

none6COMUNICAZIONE ORALE.nonePANCALDI C; BALATTI V; CAMPIONI K; BONONI I; F. MARTINI; TOGNON MPancaldi, Cecilia; Balatti, Veronica; Campioni, Katia; Bononi, Ilaria; Martini, Fernanda; Tognon, Maur