Mucormycosis and Myiasis in Uncontrolled Diabetes: A Double Whammy

Mucormycosis is a rare, often fatal opportunistic fungal infection that is caused by an aerobic saprophytic fungus belonging to the order mucorales and class zygomycetes. Myiasis is caused by the members of the Diptera fly family that lay eggs or larvae on food, necrotic tissue, open wounds, and unbroken skin or mucosa. We report a rare case of mucormycosis coexisting with oral myiasis in a 50-year-old woman with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Angina Bullosa Hemorrhagica with a Possible Relation to Dental Treatment, Diabetes Mellitus, Steroid Inhaler and Local Trauma: Report of 3 Cases

Angina bullosa hemorrhagica is a rare condition characterized by one or more blood filled blisters or bullae predominantly in the soft palate region caused either by local mucosal trauma, dental treatment, underlying systemic conditions or use of steroid inhalers. We report three cases of angina bullosa hemorrhagica with different etiological factors

A Comparative Study on Colour and Surface Parameters of Current Esthetic Restorative CAD/CAM Materials

With the development of newer technologies, computer aided design and computer aided manufacturing help immensely in designing, planning and creating a dental prosthesis with the precise 3-D printing technology. Recently, patients are at increasing demand for everlasting colour stability of restorations in such a way that it improves the aesthetic appearance of teeth. CAD/CAM systems are developed to assemble all ceramic materials which restores the aesthetic zone, attributing to the aesthetics and its clinical long-term survivability.A well-known fact that the type, thickness, composition, curing protocols, and polishing methods of resin composites influences the colour characteristics of the restorations. 99 all-ceramic samples with both glazed or polished CAD/CAM were taken into study. The samples were assessed for the surface roughness (Ra) and colour change after immersion in hot and coffee drink and then were subjected to thermocycling for about 30 days. Total samples of 99 among which 33 samples were manufactured from   Vita Enamic, Vitablocs Mark II, and Vita Suprinity.  All the disc were milled uniformly to obtain a standard dimension of 10mm ×10 mm±0.2 diameter and the thickness of the block ranges from 2.0±0.2 mm based on the manufacturer's instructions using a CAD/CAM machine (Amann Girrbach, Germany) and then glazed

Advances, recognition, and interpretation of molecular heterogeneity among conventional and subtype histology of urothelial carcinoma (UC): a survey among urologic pathologists and comprehensive review of the literature

Aims Urothelial carcinoma (UC) demonstrates significant molecular and histologic heterogeneity. The WHO 2022 classification has hinted at adding molecular signatures to the morphologic diagnosis. As morphology and associated molecular repertoire may potentially translate to choices of and response to therapy and relapse rate, broader acceptability of recognizing these key features among uropathologists is needed. This prompted an international survey to ascertain the practice patterns in classical/subtype UC among uropathologists across the globe. Methods and Results A survey instrument was shared among 98 uropathologists using SurveyMonkey software. Anonymized respondent data were analysed. The response rate was 85%. A majority were in concordance with the profiles of luminal (93%) and basal (82%) types. Opinion on the FGFR3 testing platform was variable. While 95% concurred that TERT promoter mutation is the key driver in UC, 72% had the opinion that APOBEC mutagenesis is the main signature in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Uropathologists have divergent opinions on MIBC and ERCC2 mutations. Among the participants, 94% would quantify aggressive micropapillary and sarcomatoid histology, while 88% would reevaluate another transurethral resection of the bladder tumour specimen in nonmuscle invasive tumour with micropapillary, small cell, or sarcomatoid histology. A leading number agreed to specific molecular signatures of micropapillary (93%), plasmacytoid (97%), and small cell (86%) subtypes. Ninety‐six percent of participants agreed that a small‐cell component portends a more aggressive course and should be treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 63% would perform HER2/neu testing only on oncologist's request in advanced tumours. Ninety percent agreed that microsatellite instability testing, although not a standard protocol, should be considered in young patients with upper tract UC. Eighty‐six percent agreed that UC with high tumour mutational burden would be a better candidate for immunotherapy. Conclusion In the era of precision medicine, enhanced understanding of molecular heterogeneity of UC will contribute to better therapeutic options, novel biomarker discovery, innovative management protocols, and outcomes. Our survey provides a broad perspective of pathologists' perceptions and experience regarding incorporation of histomolecular approaches to “personalize” therapy. Due to variable clinical adoption, there is a need for additional data using uniform study criteria. This will drive generation of best practice guidelines in this area for widespread and consistent clinical utility