Verifying multi-party authentication using rank functions and PVS

In this paper we present a fully formal correctness proof of a multi-party version of the Needham-Schroeder-Lowe public key authentication protocol. As the protocol allows for an arbitrary number of participants, the model consisting of all possible protocol executions exceeds any bounds imposed by model checking methods. By modelling the protocol in the CSP-framework and using the Rank Theorem we obtain an abstraction level that allows to give a correctness proof in PVS for the protocol with respect to authentication, for the protocol running in parallel in multiple instantiations, possibly with different numbers of agents for each instance.\u3cbr/\u3e\u3cbr/\u3eThis specific result shows how, more generally, the formalisation in CSP and application of the theorem prover PVS make full formal verification of multi-party security protocols possible

Incidence trends and survival of penile squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands

We examined trends in the incidence and mortality, and described the survival of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands between 1989 and 2006. On the basis of nationwide population-based data, 3-year moving average European age-standardized incidence and 10-year relative survival estimates were calculated. Penile squamous cell carcinomas were categorized according to stage grouping based on the TNM classification. In the 17-year study period, 2000 primary penile cancers were diagnosed in the Netherlands of which 1883 (94%) were squamous cell carcinomas. Median age at diagnosis was 68 years. The majority of patients (57%) were diagnosed with localized tumors (Stage 0 or I). The percentage of missing disease characteristics increased with increasing age. The 3-year moving average incidence rate of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma increased significantly from 1.4 per 100,000 person-years in 1989 to 1.5 in 2006 with an estimated annual percentage of change of 1.3%. Ten-year relative survival of patients according to the different stage groups was 93% for Stage 0, 89% for Stage I, 81% for Stage II, the 9-year survival was 50% for patients with Stage III disease and a 2-year survival of 21% for patients was found for Stage IV disease. Our study shows that the incidence rate of penile squamous cell carcinoma in the Netherlands has increased slightly, especially the incidence of carcinomas in situ. Patients with Stage III and IV tumors have poor survival

The incidence of mucinous appendiceal malignancies: a population-based study

Purpose Mucinous appendiceal tumours were described already 180 years ago, but reliable data on the incidence of these tumours are sparse. The clinical importance of these tumours is increasing since they are now identified as the most common site of origin for pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP), which is currently recognised as a treatable condition. Methods Data on the incidence of mucinous appendiceal tumours were retrieved from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry, which collects data on all patients with newly diagnosed cancer in a large part of the southern Netherlands that comprises about 2.3 million inhabitants. From 1980 to 2010, all cases of primary adenocarcinomas of the appendix were included. Results From 1980 to 2010, a mucinous adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 78 patients being 48 % of all cases of appendiceal adenocarcinoma diagnosed during this period (n=164). The incidence increased during the study period from 0.6 to 1.9 per 1,000,000 person-years for women and from 0.4 to 1.0 per 1,000,000 person-years for men. Conclusion The reported incidence of mucinous adenocarcinomas of the appendix shows an increasing trend. This is probably mainly explained by the increased awareness of this tumour and its relation with PMP, and better registration of this specific diagnosis

Population-based incidence, treatment and survival of patients with peritoneal metastases of unknown origin

Aim: Until recently, peritoneal metastases (PM) were regarded as an untreatable condition, regardless of the organ of origin. Currently, promising treatment options are available for selected patients with PM from colorectal, appendiceal, ovarian or gastric carcinoma. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, treatment and survival of patients presenting with PM in whom the origin of PM remains unknown. Methods: Data from patients diagnosed with PM of unknown origin during 1984-2010 were extracted from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry. European age-standardised incidence rates were calculated and data on treatment and survival were analysed. Results: In total 1051 patients were diagnosed with PM of unknown origin. In 606 patients (58%) the peritoneum was the only site of metastasis, and 445 patients also had other metastases. Chemotherapy usage has increased from 8% in the earliest period to 16% in most recent years (p = .016). Median survival was extremely poor with only 42 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 39-47 days) and did not change over time. Median survival of patients not receiving chemotherapy was significantly worse than of those receiving chemotherapy (36 versus 218 days, p < .0001). Conclusion: The prognosis of PM of unknown origin is extremely poor and did not improve over time. Given the recent progress that has been achieved in selected patients presenting with PM, maximum efforts should be undertaken in order to diagnose the origin of PM as accurately as possible. Potentially effective treatment strategies should be further explored for patients in whom the organ of origin remains unknown. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved