Trusted autonomous vehicles: an interactive exhibit

Recent surveys about autonomous vehicles show that the public is concerned about the safety consequences of system or equipment failures and the vehicles' reactions to unexpected situations. We believe that informing about the technology and quality, e.g., safety and reliability, of autonomous vehicles is paramount to improving public expectations, perception and acceptance. In this paper, we report on the design of an interactive exhibit to illustrate (1) basic technologies employed in autonomous vehicles, i.e., sensors and object classification; and (2) basic principles for ensuring their quality, i.e., employing software testing and simulations. We subsequently report on a public engagement event involving this exhibit at the Royal Society Summer Science Exhibition 2019 in the exhibit titled "Trusted Autonomous Vehicles". We describe the process of designing and developing the artefacts used in our exhibit, the theoretical background associated to them, the design of our stand, and the lessons learned. The activities and findings of this study can be used by other educators and researchers interested in promoting trust in autonomous vehicles among the general public

Digital Health Technologies for Maternal and Child Health in Africa and Other Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Cross-disciplinary Scoping Review With Stakeholder Consultation

Background: Maternal and child health (MCH) is a global health concern, especially impacting low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). Digital health technologies are creating opportunities to address the social determinants of MCH by facilitating access to information and providing other forms of support throughout the maternity journey. Previous reviews in different disciplines have synthesized digital health intervention outcomes in LMIC. However, contributions in this space are scattered across publications in different disciplines and lack coherence in what digital MCH means across fields. Objective: This cross-disciplinary scoping review synthesized the existing published literature in 3 major disciplines on the use of digital health interventions for MCH in LMIC, with a particular focus on sub-Saharan Africa. Methods: We conducted a scoping review using the 6-stage framework by Arksey and O’Malley across 3 disciplines, including public health, social sciences applied to health, and human-computer interaction research in health care. We searched the following databases: Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, ACM Digital Library, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, and PLOS. A stakeholder consultation was undertaken to inform and validate the review. Results: During the search, 284 peer-reviewed articles were identified. After removing 41 duplicates, 141 articles met our inclusion criteria: 34 from social sciences applied to health, 58 from public health, and 49 from human-computer interaction research in health care. These articles were then tagged (labeled) by 3 researchers using a custom data extraction framework to obtain the findings. First, the scope of digital MCH was found to target health education (eg, breastfeeding and child nutrition), care and follow-up of health service use (to support community health workers), maternal mental health, and nutritional and health outcomes. These interventions included mobile apps, SMS text messaging, voice messaging, web-based applications, social media, movies and videos, and wearable or sensor-based devices. Second, we highlight key challenges: little attention has been given to understanding the lived experiences of the communities; key role players (eg, fathers, grandparents, and other family members) are often excluded; and many studies are designed considering nuclear families that do not represent the family structures of the local cultures. Conclusions: Digital MCH has shown steady growth in Africa and other LMIC settings. Unfortunately, the role of the community was negligible, as these interventions often do not include communities early and inclusively enough in the design process. We highlight key opportunities and sociotechnical challenges for digital MCH in LMIC, such as more affordable mobile data; better access to smartphones and wearable technologies; and the rise of custom-developed, culturally appropriate apps that are more suited to low-literacy users. We also focus on barriers such as an overreliance on text-based communications and the difficulty of MCH research and design to inform and translate into policy

Análisis, diseño e implementación de un sistema de administración de contenidos e interacción de aplicaciones web que soporte un nuevo modelo conceptual orientado a la usabilidad de administradores y usuaríos

En la actualidad existen Sistemas de Administración de Contenido Web (WCMS – Web Content Management Systems) sencillos y complejos. Los WCMSs sencillos abarcan poca funcionalidad, presentando una interfaz simple pero con pobre navegabilidad e interacción con el usuario. Mientras que los WCMSs complejos exhiben una funcionalidad extensa, pero su usabilidad se ve notablemente disminuida. Por estas razones, este trabajo propone desarrollar un WCMS que cumpla con los tres puntos básicos importantes en un sistema web: a) funcional, b) agradable y c) de mayor usabilidad. Para el efecto, se establece un modelo conceptual adecuado para usuarios y administradores de un WCMS que no poseen el tiempo ni los conocimientos (diseño web, estándares web, etc.) para pasar por un largo proceso de aprendizaje. En el capítulo 1 de la documentación de este proyecto se detallarán los antecedentes y justificaciones para el desarrollo de este proyecto. En el capítulo 2, trataremos algunos fundamentos teóricos, que son esenciales durante el desarrollo del trabajo, tratamos de hacer énfasis en los conceptos de interacción hombre-máquina debido a su importancia en el desarrollo de una aplicación web interactiva, considerando las tendencias actuales en la implementación de dichas aplicaciones. En el capítulo 3 se han definido los detalles de la etapa del análisis del sistema, lo cual ayudará a entender los requerimientos necesarios para la implementación de este tipo de sistemas, lo cual ayudará a familiarizarnos con las funcionalidades que ofrece. El capítulo 4, diseño del sistema, es uno de los más detallados debido a su gran importancia, entre sus puntos más relevantes tenemos: 1. Diseño de la interacción. 2. Diseño de la base de datos. 3. Diseño de los módulos del sistemas. El desarrollo de estos puntos, proporcionan una visión más completa sobre las características que posee el sistema, profundizando en la Interacción Hombre-Máquina y en los módulos del mismo. En el capítulo 5 se describe en detalle la implementación del proyecto, en el cual se especifican los componentes de código abierto utilizados, así como las pruebas aplicadas al sistema