Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Unselected Consecutive Patients with Thyroid Nodules

The objective was to analyze the results of UG-FNAB, performed in unselected consecutive patients with thyroid nodules. Methods. The UG-FNAB records were analyzed in this retrospective study. Indication for biopsy was the presence of at least one nodule detected by ultrasound. Results. 330 patients at mean age ± SD 48.4 ± 11.2 years; women/men = 12.8/1 were analyzed. From the total 596 nodules found 546 (91.6%) were investigated with 1231 punctures (2.3 per nodule and 3.7 per patient). Benign solitary nodules had 42.7%, multinodular goiter (MNG) 44.8%, inconclusive 4.8%, and others 2.1% and malignant nodules 5.5% of the patients (6.6% of solitary and 5.1% of MNG patients). The risk for a separate nodule in MNG to be malignant was 2.7%. Conclusions. UG-FNAB is a safe and reliable diagnostic approach for thyroid nodules. It is the method of choice for hypo- and isoechoic not purely cystic solitary nodules, regardless of the nodule size. In MNG, its positive predictive value and diagnostic accuracy are lower. The final decision for regular US monitoring, UG-FNAB of the dominant nodule, multipuncture UG-FNAB or surgical exploration is one of complex appraisal. We consider UG-FNAB appropriate for most nodules in MNG, according to the above mentioned criteria

A 36-year-old woman with a parathyroid cyst

Background: Parathyroid cysts are rare entities. They account for less than 0.5% of parathyroid lesions. They are divided into two main groups: functioning and non-functioning. Case description: We present a 36- year-old woman with complaints of palpitations, sweating, and nervousness of about 2 months’ duration. From an ultrasound of the thyroid gland with data on anechoic formation under the lower pole of the left lobe of the thyroid gland with dimension 14/16/24 mm. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the formation was performed with aspiration of about 5 ml of clear liquid and examination of washout. PTH from the washout of the extrathyroidal lesion-1040 pg/ml. A month later with ultrasound data on recurrence of the formation; repeated aspiration of about 5 ml of blood fluid was performed with subsequent application of 1 ml of absolute alcohol intranodal. Conclusion: Thirty days after the procedure with ultrasound data of slight regression in the dimension: 10/11/20 mm

Relationship of serum Fetuin-A with metabolic and vascular parameters in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Fetuin-A is a multifunctional liver-derived glycoprotein that is associated with insulin resistance and might play a role in the pathogenesis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective: This study evaluated the relationship of Fetuin-A with metabolic and vascular parameters in patients with prediabetes and T2DM. Materials and methods: total 120 obese patients were included. They were divided into three groups: group 1 – without carbohydrate disturbances, group 2 – with prediabetes and group 3 – with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Higher Fetuin-A serum levels were observed in patients with prediabetes and T2DM compared to those with normoglycemia. Fetuin-A ≥821 mcg/ml increased the risk for T2DM 32-fold. Additionally, we found positive correlations between Fetuin-A, vibration perception threshold and toe-brachial index and a negative correlation with neuropathy disability score. Conclusion: Fetuin-A could be predictive for incidents of prediabetes and T2DM

Relationship of serum Fetuin-A with metabolic and vascular parameters in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Fetuin-A is a multifunctional liver-derived glycoprotein that is associated with insulin resistance and might play a role in the pathogenesis of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Objective: This study evaluated the relationship of Fetuin-A with metabolic and vascular parameters in patients with prediabetes and T2DM. Materials and methods: total 120 obese patients were included. They were divided into three groups: group 1 – without carbohydrate disturbances, group 2 – with prediabetes and group 3 – with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Higher Fetuin-A serum levels were observed in patients with prediabetes and T2DM compared to those with normoglycemia. Fetuin-A ≥821 mcg/ml increased the risk for T2DM 32-fold. Additionally, we found positive correlations between Fetuin-A, vibration perception threshold and toe-brachial index and a negative correlation with neuropathy disability score. Conclusion: Fetuin-A could be predictive for incidents of prediabetes and T2DM

The impact of dietary intervention on myokines: a narrative review

This review elucidates the role of dietary factors in influencing myokine secretion, complementing the recognized benefits of physical activity on metabolic health. While exercise is known to positively modulate myokines, contributing to their health-promoting effects, an exploration into how diet affects these critical cytokines remains sparse. Through analysis of the literature, this work identifies dietary patterns that markedly affect myokine levels, underscoring the complex relationship between nutrition and myokine activity. The investigation reveals that specific dietary approaches can profoundly alter myokine secretion, suggesting an essential avenue for combined dietary and exercise interventions to optimize health outcomes. These insights highlight the need for further detailed study into diet-induced myokine modulation