Effect of Injection Pressure on Performance, Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Direct Injection Diesel Engine Running on Blends of Pongamia Pinnata Linn (Honge oil) Oil and Diesel Fuel

The growing concerns on the environment and the effect of green house gases have received more and more interests in the use of triglycerides and their derivatives as a substitute of fossil fuel.  Few literatures are available on the use of neat methyl esters of honge oil and blend with diesel fuel on diesel engine.  However, use of raw honge oil blend with diesel fuel on diesel engine with enhanced injection opening pressure appears to be scarce.  This research work presents some findings of the use of honge oil and diesel fuel blend in direct injection diesel engine with increased injection opening pressure.   The performance, emissions and combustion parameters of 20% honge oil and 80% diesel fuel (volume basis) were found very close to neat diesel fuel where as higher blend ratios were found inferior compared to neat diesel fuel.   Improved premixed heat release rate were noticed with H30 when the IOP is enhanced.  Performance and emissions with H30 are even better than neat diesel fuel at enhanced IOP.  With increased injection pressure amount of honge oil in blend can be increased from 20% to 30%

EMPOWERING THE STRENGTH OF HYBRID RADIO NETWORKS WITH AN ADVANCED ROUTING PROTOCOL

Hybrid wireless systems mixing the benefits of both mobile ad-hoc systems and infrastructure wireless systems have been getting elevated attention because of their ultra-high end. A competent data routing protocol is essential such systems for top network capacity and scalability. However, most routing methods of these systems simply combine the ad-hoc transmission mode using the cellular transmission mode, which gets the drawbacks of ad-hoc transmission. This paper presents a distributed three-hop routing protocol (dtr) for hybrid wireless systems. To make the most of the prevalent base stations, dtr divides a note data stream into segments and transmits the segments inside a distributed manner. It can make full spatial reuse of the system via its high-speed ad-hoc interface and alleviates mobile gateway congestion via its cellular interface. In addition, delivering segments to numerous base stations concurrently increases throughput and makes optimum use of prevalent base stations. Additionally, dtr considerably reduces overhead because of short path measures and also the removal of route discovery and maintenance. Dtr also offers a congestion control formula to prevent overloading base stations. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show the brilliance of dtr in comparison to other routing methods when it comes to throughput capacity, scalability and mobility resilience. The outcomes also show the potency of the congestion control formula in balancing the burden between base stations

Association Analysis of F 2 Generation in Rice (Oryza sativa. L.)

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Association Analysis of F 2 Generation in Rice (Oryza sativa. L.)

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