Future oilcrops for a demanding world

Oil-producing crops currently occupy about 10% of global arable land and are second only to carbohydrate crops in terms of their importance as providers of calories for both humans and their livestock. In addition to their edible roles, oil crops also provide a wide range of industrial products, known collectively as oleochemicals, and are increasingly used as a biofuel, especially biodiesel, and as feedstock by the chemical industry.Due to the increasing utilization of these plant products, a substantial increase in the total production of vegetable oil is required. This increase has the potential to be met by increasing the oil content in presently used oil crops or introducing new high-oil-yielding crops. However in order to increase the yield of lipids in plants, the pathway that produces these compounds and the mechanisms that control it must be better understood. Most plants accumulate oil in the seed predominantly in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs), a glycerol backbone onto which three fatty acids are sequentially esterified. The synthesis and assembly of TAG in plants is complex, involving a metabolic network of fatty acid fluxes through multiple subcellular compartments containing alternative pathways to produce different lipid compositions. Much progress has been made in understanding how plants produce and accumulate oils. The specific enzymes involved in the metabolic pathway leading to triacylglycerols (TAGs) stored in the oil bodies, as well as the pathway that supplies the precursors generated from imported sucrose, are to a large extent known. However, we still have a poor understanding in key areas such as factors important for regulating the flux of photosynthates into storage compartments, the synthesis of fatty acids, or the level of oil content in storage tissues. Hence, research in these areas is of great importance to enable a substantial increase in vegetable oil production

Oils and fats on food: is it possible to have a healthy diet?

Oils and fats are an important part of our diet as components of many food formulations. Thus, they are retailed for domestic or hostelry uses and broadly used by food industry for the elaboration of margarines, ice cream, canned food, pre-cooked dishes, bakery, confectionary, chocolates, etc. Chemically, the main component of oils and fats are triacylglycerols (TAGs), which account for up to 95% of their total weight. They consisted of a molecule of glycerol esterified with three fatty acids, usually the saturated, palmitic and stearic, the monounsatu�rated oleic, and the polyunsaturated, linoleic or linolenic, all with 18 carbons excepting the palmitic which has 16 carbons. Out of those most common fatty acids, we can found other fatty acids present only in certain oils such as saturated medium chained fatty acids like lauric and myristic, which contain 12 and 14 carbons respectively

Oils and fats on food: is it possible to have a healthy diet?

Oils and fats are an important part of our diet as components of many food formulations. Thus, they are retailed for domestic or hostelry uses and broadly used by food industry for the elaboration of margarines, ice cream, canned food, pre-cooked dishes, bakery, confectionary, chocolates, etc. Chemically, the main component of oils and fats are triacylglycerols (TAGs), which account for up to 95% of their total weight. They consisted of a molecule of glycerol esterified with three fatty acids, usually the saturated, palmitic and stearic, the monounsatu�rated oleic, and the polyunsaturated, linoleic or linolenic, all with 18 carbons excepting the palmitic which has 16 carbons. Out of those most common fatty acids, we can found other fatty acids present only in certain oils such as saturated medium chained fatty acids like lauric and myristic, which contain 12 and 14 carbons respectively

New Insights Into Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) FatA and FatB Thioesterases, Their Regulation, Structure and Distribution

Sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus L.) accumulate large quantities of triacylglycerols (TAG) between 12 and 28 days after flowering (DAF). This is the period of maximal acyl-acyl carrier protein (acyl-ACP) thioesterase activity in vitro, the enzymes that terminate the process of de novo fatty acid synthesis by catalyzing the hydrolysis of the acyl-ACPs synthesized by fatty acid synthase. Fatty acid thioesterases can be classified into two families with distinct substrate specificities, namely FatA and FatB. Here, some new aspects of these enzymes have been studied, assessing how both enzymes contribute to the acyl composition of sunflower oil, not least through the changes in their expression during the process of seed filling. Moreover, the binding pockets of these enzymes were modeled based on new data from plant thioesterases, revealing important differences in their volume and geometry. Finally, the subcellular location of the two enzymes was evaluated and while both possess an N-terminal plastid transit peptide, only in FatB contains a hydrophobic sequence that could potentially serve as a transmembrane domain. Indeed, using in vivo imaging and organelle fractionation, H. annuus thioesterases, HaFatA and HaFatB, appear to be differentially localized in the plastid stroma and membrane envelope, respectively. The divergent roles fulfilled by HaFatA and HaFatB in oil biosynthesis are discussed in the light of our data.España MINECO y FEDER Projects AGL2014- 53537-R y AGL2017-83449-

Valores interpersonales en estudiantes de secundaria de la institución educativa particular nuestra Sra. de la Asunción del distrito de Surco

La presente investigación es de tipo descriptiva con un diseño no experimental de corte transversal. El objetivo general fue determinar el nivel de los valores interpersonales de los estudiantes de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Particular Nuestra Señora de la Asunción. La muestra es de tipo censal, pues se seleccionó el 100% de la población, al considerarse a toda la población que conforma los estudiantes de tercer, cuarto y quinto año de secundaria.The present investigation is of a descriptive type with a non-experimental cross-sectional design. The general objective was to determine the level of interpersonal values of the secondary students of the Particular Educational Institution of Our Lady of the Assumption. The sample is of census type, since 100% of the population was selected, considering the entire population that makes up the third, fourth and fifth year high school students

Diseño de un sistema de alerta temprana para el control de inundaciones en la Ciudad de Milagro, Ecuador

PDFMilagro, cabecera cantonal del cantón Milagro, provincia del Guayas, fue creada el 17 de septiembre de 1913, con una extensión territorial de 31 Km2. Uno de los principales problemas que soporta año a año son las inundaciones, por efecto del desbordamiento de ríos y esteros que cruzan y rodean la ciudad, siendo uno de los más severos el acontecido el 31 de marzo del 2017. El objetivo del presente trabajo investigativo es realizar la propuesta de un Sistema de Alerta Temprana ante riesgos de inundaciones por desbordamiento del río Milagro, zona céntrica de la ciudad entre las coordenadas inicio (658493, 9764429), fin (655846, 9764611), mediante modelamiento hidrológico e hidráulico estimando caudales de la microcuenca del río Milagro y áreas afectadas, utilizando modelos matemáticos y numéricos para mitigar las inundaciones y mejorar la calidad de vida de los habitantes del sector. La metodología que se utilizó, se basa en la utilización de: Método estadístico, distribución de Gumbel, QGIS, HEC RAS, RAS MAPPER a fin de obtener los caudales de máxima crecida para diferentes períodos de retorno, utilizando el de 50 años para modelar la mancha de inundación y proponer el sistema de alerta temprana. Los resultados proporcionan datos relevantes que facilitan la toma de decisiones e indican que, siguiendo la metodología indicada, es factible obtener el mapa de inundación y con ello generar la propuesta de Alerta Temprana con el fin de tener una respuesta eficiente ante el evento extremo de inundación. Se concluye que, utilizando métodos numéricos, matemáticos y tecnología actualizada, se puede generar un sistema de alerta temprana.Milagro, cantonal head of the Milagro canton, province of Guayas, was created on September 17, 1913, with a territorial extension of 31 Km2. One of the main problems that suffers from year to year are the floods due to the overflow of rivers and estuaries that cross and surround the city, one of the most severe being the one that occurred on March 31, 2017. The objective of this research work is to carry out the proposal of an early warning system for risks of flooding due to the overflow of the Milagro River, central area of the city between the start coordinates (658493, 9764429), end (655846, 9764611), through hydrological and hydraulic modeling estimating flows of the Microbasin of the Milagro River and affected areas, using mathematical and numerical models to maximize flooding and improve the quality of life of the inhabitants of the sector. The methodology that was achieved is based on the use of: Statistical method, Gumbel distribution, QGIS, HEC RAS, RAS MAPPER in order to obtain the maximum flood flows for different return periods, using the 50-year period for model the floodplain and propose the early warning system. The results concluded relevant data that facilitate decision making and indicate that, following the indicated methodology, it is feasible to obtain the flood map and thereby generate the early warning proposal in order to have an efficient response to the extreme flood event. It is concluded that, using numerical and mathematical methods and updated technology, an early warning system can be generated. Keywords: Flood, hydrographic basin, numerical modeling, Plugging

Complicaciones de la dacriocistorrinostomía endoscópica y la convencional en la dacriocistitis crónica

Publicación a texto completo no autorizada por el autorEl documento digital no refiere asesorDescribe las complicaciones de la dacriocistorrinostomía endoscópica y la convencional (externa) en dacriocistitis crónica (DCC) en un hospital público. Estudio descriptivo, serie de casos. Pacientes: Se evaluaron 39 pacientes con DCC que fueron tratados quirúrgicamente entre enero del 2006 a diciembre del 2011 en un hospital público de Lima – Perú. Se evaluaron las complicaciones asociadas al tratamiento recibido. De las 39 historias, 29 (74.4%) fueron mujeres, el promedio de edad fue 54.9 años. El tiempo de enfermedad promedio fue de 29.7 meses. El lado afectado fue el derecho con 59%, el síntoma más común fue lagrimeo (84.6%), seguido de secreción (7.7%) y tumoración (5.1%). El 56.4% de las operaciones fueron hechas por técnica convencional. La complicación post quirúrgica más frecuente fue la expulsión de la sonda en 4 pacientes, siendo 3 (7.7 %) de la vía convencional y 1 (2.5 %) por vía endoscópica. Otras complicaciones fueron reobstrucción (5.2 %), absceso (2.6 %) y epistaxis (2.6 %), todas para la vía convencional. Por vía endoscópica sólo presentaron infección (5.2 %) y sinequia (2.6 %). Las complicaciones asociadas a la técnica convencional fueron expulsión de la sonda (7.7 %), reobstrucción (5.2 %), absceso (2.6 %) y epistaxis (2.6 %), mientras q las asociadas a la vía endoscópica fueron expulsión de la sonda (2.5 %), infección (5.2 %) y sinequia (2.6 %).Trabajo académic

Improvement of nutritional properties of Cassva (Manihot esculenta) through massive analysis of gene expression

Motivation: Currently, the cassava is the basis of food for more than 1 billion people in the world. In this instance, the modification of the nutritional composition of plant foods is an urgent matter, since the basic nutritional needs of the world population are not yet covered. The identification of the transcription factors that regulate oil biosynthesis could give tools to re-direct sucrose to oil in the root of tuberculous cultures. In cassava, most of the research that has been done has focused on the tuber, with little study of the seeds and their characteristics.In Cassava the factors that direct the flow of carbon towards the different reserve tissues and determine the final composition of the tissue in the plant are not known. The proposed research line aims to deepen the knowledge of the fatty acid biosynthesis in cassava and increase the oil content of the roots. Fundamental knowledge to be able to reach the final objective of increasing the oil content. In addition to improving its nutritional value, while the amount of nutrients that contribute to the body.Methods: There are two lines of research. The computer methods are based on searching for genes involved in the biosynthesis pathway of lipid substrates through databases such as Uniref and UniProt. After a series of genes obtained from other trials, we compared their presence in the Manihot Esculenta genome and verified their function. With homologous genes, we can expand the number of candidate genes.The laboratory methods aim to develop the method of genetic transformation of cassava (Ima M Zainuddin et al., Plant Methods 2012, 8:24) in combination with Agrobacterium. From a horizontal cuttings and an in vitro culture of their apical buds, we get a mother plant from which we can obtain somatic embryos and create new seedlings to be able to transform with differentResults: The following results were obtained after a first search for genes obtained from a compilation base don papers previously made in other related organisms. From that list of candidates genes, there are genes that cease to be candidates because they are not found in Manihot esculenta, these being susy, ATP-PFK and FBAGenes that continue as candidates, for being in the genome of cassava, being PK,GPT2 and PPT1. And for the latter, new genes can be obtained, such as APE2 with identifier 16G010700.1 in JGI Phytozome. It is a translocator of triose-phosphate located in the chloroplast.Conclusions: There is a vision of the future in this line of research to be able to start from a new and broader list of genes involved in the synthesis routes of sucrose and oil that are susceptible to modification.There is still a lot to study to reach the goal, but positive results will come out

A ambos lados del Estrecho’: Discursos y Políticas sobre Diversidad Cultural en la España Mediterránea del Sur

This article aims to analyse the evolution, and current situation, of discourses and policies on cultural diversity in primary schools on both sides of Southern Mediterranean Spain around the Strait of Gibraltar (Andalusia, Murcia, Ceuta and Melilla). To do so, the methodology designed is based on two techniques: documentary analysis of secondary sources (regulations, statistics) and personal interviews with administrative and political personnel from the regional education administration (discourses). Based on the data analysed, the article shows how the arrival of students of foreign origin in the 1990s stimulated education policies of exogenous cultural diversity, whereas endogenous cultural diversity is inherent to historically multicultural societies (‘diversicracy’). The data lead to the conclusion that there is a need to re-politicise educational policy on cultural diversity to promote interculturality based on citizenship rights and social justice, for which a rights-based approach is particularly appropriate.Este artículo pretende analizar la evolución, y situación actual, de los discursos y políticas sobre diversidad cultural en los centros de educación primaria de ambas orillas del sur del Mediterráneo español en torno al Estrecho de Gibraltar (Andalucía, Murcia, Ceuta y Melilla). Para ello, la metodología diseñada se basa en dos técnicas: análisis documental de fuentes secundarias (normativa, estadísticas) y entrevistas personales a personal administrativo y político de la administración educativa autonómica (discursos). A partir de los datos analizados, el artículo muestra cómo la llegada de estudiantes de origen extranjero en la década de los noventa estimuló políticas educativas de diversidad cultural exógena, mientras que la diversidad cultural endógena es inherente a las sociedades históricamente multiculturales ("diversicracia"). Los datos llevan a concluir con la necesidad de re-politizar la política educativa sobre diversidad cultural para promover una interculturalidad basada en los derechos de ciudadanía y la justicia social, para lo cual el enfoque basado en derechos resulta especialmente apropiado.Spanish Government CSO2017-84872-RUniversity of Lleida (Spain)University of Granada (Spain)Ceuta Studies Institut

imagen del género:

El texto que encontrarán a continuación tiene como principal objetivo establecer el papel de la comunicación gráfica frente a la representación del género, y con ello contribuir a la disminución de la violencia de género. A través del análisis de contenido, que busca relacionar los conceptos se logra establecer la importancia de la representación de las mujeres en medios gráficos, así como plantear la necesidad de repensar el papel en la producción de imágenes sobre el género. El aporte desde la gráfica será representar a las mujeres y las violencias alejadas de los estereotipos promovidos por los medios masivos de comunicación. Los colores, la ilustración, los gestos deben ser el resultado de una atención a la comunidad, a las mujeres reales, a los sentimientos y a una estética alternativa que juega entre la ternura y la crudeza; entre el abandono y el compañerismo