Avaliação de genótipos de trigo quanto à reação a Pyricularia oryzae em campo.

A brusone, causada por Pyricularia oryzae, é umas das doenças mais limitantes da cultura do trigo, afetando diretamente a espiga e podendo causar danos de até 100%. Fungicidas não têm proporcionado controle satisfatório da doença. O uso da resistência genética, por ser mais econômico, seria o método mais desejável para controle. Porém, poucas fontes de resistência ao patógeno são conhecidas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar genótipos de trigo em campo quanto à reação a P. oryzae buscando identificar fontes de resistência. Quarenta e nove genótipos, do banco de germoplasma da Embrapa Trigo, foram semeados no campo experimental da Embrapa Soja, em Londrina, PR. As parcelas tinham três linhas de 3 m com 0,2 m entre linhas e cerca de 80 sementes m linear-1 . Na área do experimento foi instalado um sistema de irrigação para fornecer umidade, favorecendo a ocorrência da doença. O sistema foi acionado automaticamente quatro vezes ao dia, permanecendo ligado por sete minutos. O delineamento experimental foi blocos casualizados com duas repetições. A partir do início do espigamento os genótipos foram monitorados quanto a ocorrência da brusone. Espigas com sintomas foram marcadas semanalmente e ao final do ciclo de cada genótipo foram contadas as espigas sadias e as com sintomas para determinação da incidência (%). Trinta e seis genótipos apresentaram incidência igual ou menor que 10%, sendo 19 de ciclo tardio, 12 de ciclo médio e dois de ciclo precoce. Em estudo repetido no próximo ano, se confirmados os baixos valores de incidência, esses genótipos poderão ser utilizados em programas de melhoramento

ESR, raman and conductivity studies on fractionated poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid)

Synthesis methods used to produce poly(2-methoxyaniline-5-sulfonic acid) (PMAS), a water soluble, self-doped conducting polymer, have been shown to form two distinctly different polymer fractions with molecular weights of approximately 2 kDa and 8 -10 kDa. The low molecular weight (LMWT) PMAS fraction is redox inactive and non-conducting while the high molecular weight (HMWT) PMAS is electro-active with electrical conductivities of 0.94 0.05 S cm-1. Previous investigations have illustrated the different photochemical and electrochemical properties of these fractions, but have not correlated these properties with the structural and electronic interactions that drive them. Incomplete purification of the PMAS mixture, typically via bag dialysis, has been shown to result in a mixture of approximately 50:50 HMWT:LMWT PMAS with electrical conductivity significantly lower at approximately 0.10 to 0.26 S cm-1. The difference between the electrical conductivities of these fractions has been investigated by the controlled addition of the non-conducting LMWT PMAS fraction into the HMWT PMAS composite film with the subsequent electronic properties investigated by solid-state ESR and Raman spectroscopies. These studies illustrate strong electronic intereactions of the insulating LMWT PMAS with the emeraldine salt HMWT PMAS to substantially alter the population of the electronic charge carriers in the conducting polymer. ESR studies on these mixtures, when compared to HMWT PMAS, exhibited a lower level of electron spin in the presence of LMWT PMAS indicative of the the formation of low spin bipolarons without a change the oxidation state of the conducting HMWT fraction

Avaliação de resistência de planta adulta nas cultivares de arroz irrigado à Magnaporthe grisea.

O objetivo desta investigação foi identificar cultivares de arroz irrigado com resistência diferenciada na fase adulta

Eficiência de fungicidas para o controle da mancha-alvo, Corynespora cassiicola, na safra 2012/13: resultados sumarizados dos ensaios cooperativos.

bitstream/item/90450/1/CT100.pd

METHYLPHENIDATE: PROCONVULSANT EFFECT AND ACTION ON ACETYL CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN YOUNG AND ADULT MICE

Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH) is a derivative of piperidine, structurally related to amphetamine. It is the most widely psychostimulant used in Brazil for treating attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity. This drug was investigated in an epilepsy model induced by pilocarpine and on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in young and adult mice. Methods: The control group was treated with saline. The treated groups received MPH (2.5, 5, 10 or 20 mg/kg) in single dose, followed by pilocarpine (400mg/Kg). The groups were observed for1h after treatment. Results: MPH, in all doses, was efficacious in decreasing both the latency to first seizures and the survival percentage in young and adult animals. Determination of AChE activity in the hippocampus and striatum of young and adult animals, after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, demonstrated that pretreatment with MPH reduced AChE activity only in the striatum. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that MPH has proconvulsant action and cholinergic neurotransmission system can play a role in this effect

Euclid: modelling massive neutrinos in cosmology - a code comparison

Material outgassing in a vacuum leads to molecular contamination, a well-known problem in spaceflight. Water is the most common contaminant in cryogenic spacecraft, altering numerous properties of optical systems. Too much ice means that Euclid’s calibration requirements cannot be met anymore. Euclid must then be thermally decontaminated, which is a month-long risky operation. We need to understand how ice affects our data to build adequate calibration and survey plans. A comprehensive analysis in the context of an astrophysical space survey has not been done before. In this paper we look at other spacecraft with well-documented outgassing records. We then review the formation of thin ice films, and find that for Euclid a mix of amorphous and crystalline ices is expected. Their surface topography – and thus optical properties – depend on the competing energetic needs of the substrate-water and the water-water interfaces, and they are hard to predict with current theories. We illustrate that with scanning-tunnelling and atomic-force microscope images of thin ice films. Sophisticated tools exist to compute contamination rates, and we must understand their underlying physical principles and uncertainties. We find considerable knowledge errors on the diffusion and sublimation coefficients, limiting the accuracy of outgassing estimates. We developed a water transport model to compute contamination rates in Euclid, and find agreement with industry estimates within the uncertainties. Tests of the Euclid flight hardware in space simulators did not pick up significant contamination signals, but they were also not geared towards this purpose; our in-flight calibration observations will be much more sensitive. To derive a calibration and decontamination strategy, we need to understand the link between the amount of ice in the optics and its effect on the data. There is little research about this, possibly because other spacecraft can decontaminate more easily, quenching the need for a deeper understanding. In our second paper, we quantify the impact of iced optics on Euclid’s data

Eficiência de fungicidas para o controle da ferrugem-asiática da soja, Phakopsora pachyrhizi, na safra 2011/12: resultados sumarizados dos ensaios cooperativos.

Material e método: Tabela 1 - Instituições, locais, cultivares, datas da semeadura da soja, presença (1) ou ausência (0) de sintomas de ferrugem na primeira aplicação de fungicida (incidência - INC). Tabela 2 - Ingrediente ativo (i.a.), produto comercial (p.c.) e dose dos fungicidas nos tratamentos para o controle da ferrugem-asiática da soja, safra 2011/12. Resultados e discussões: Figura 1 - Box plot da porcentagem de controle da ferrugem, para os diferentes tratamentos com fungicidas, em relação à média da severidade da testemunha sem controle (T1). Figura 2 - Box plot da porcentagem de redução da produtividade, para os diferentes tratamentos com fungicidas, em relação à média da produtividade do melhor tratamento. Tabela 3: Severidade da ferruge, porcentagem de controle em relação à testemunha sem tratamento, produtividade (Kg ha-1) e porcentagem de redução de produtividade (RP) em relação ao tratamento com a maior produtividade, para os diferentes tratamentos. Média de 11 ensaios para severidade e de 15 ensaios para produtividade. Rede de ensaios cooperativos, safra 2011/12.bitstream/item/61841/1/CT93.2012.pd