Quotient probabilistic normed spaces and completeness results

Quotient spaces of probabilistic normed spaces have never been considered. This note is a first attempt to fill this gap: the quotient space of a PN space with respect to one of its subspaces is introduced and its properties are studied. Finally, we investigate the completeness relationship among the PN spaces considered

Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Early Gastric Cancer Using the Insulated Tip Knife

AbstractEndoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an endoscopic technique in which a gastrointestinal mucosal neoplasm can be excised by cutting through the submucosa with an endoscopic knife. It can be used with diagnostic or therapeutic intent and allows en bloc removal of the specimen. ESD usually begins with identification and evaluation of the lesion and assessment of the margin with chromo-endoscopy. The subsequent steps include marking, submucosal injection, and circumferential and submucosal dissection. Complications should be promptly recognized and dealt with immediately if necessary.This video demonstrates the main steps of the technique and management of complications. This article is part of an expert video encyclopedia

Metals from human activities in a coastal Lagoon Saltmarsh - Sediment toxicity and phytoremediation by Sarcocornia fruticosa

Anthropogenic pressure on coastal areas has been increasing in the last decades, threating the saltmarshes and the ecosystem services they provide. Sarcocornia fruticosa can have an important role in sequestration of metals from human activities. This study evaluated the effect of metal toxicity in saltmarsh sediment (measured by Ecological Risk Index-ERI) on S. fruticosa ability to metal (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) remediation (Enrichment Factor and metal translocation). The impact of urbanization was studied through the metal loads on stormwaters during two main rainfall events, and the industrial impact was assessed through data analyses in a saltmarsh area influenced by a stream that receives industrial runoffs. The S. fruticosa response on metal remediation was affected by ERI. In more polluted locations, retained metals on roots and prevented the most toxic (Cd and Pb) from reaching the aerial organs, avoiding tissues death and metal remobilisation to the saltmarsh. Meanwhile, in rhizosediments with conditions to high metal bioavailability, S. fruticosa transported Cd and Pb to aerial organs, but used the Zn translocation to decrease their toxicity. This halophyte resilience is important to saltmarsh metal sequestration in high toxicity conditions, and allows the maintenance of other ecosystem services, contributing to the environmental protection and public health.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Reaching Envy-free States in Distributed Negotiation Settings

Mechanisms for dividing a set of goods amongst a number of autonomous agents need to balance ef- ficiency and fairness requirements. A common in- terpretation of fairness is envy-freeness, while ef- ficiency is usually understood as yielding maximal overall utility. We show how to set up a distributed negotiation framework that will allow a group of agents to reach an allocation of goods that is both efficient and envy-free.ou

Pressure effect in the X-ray intrinsic position resolution in noble gases and mixtures

A study of the gas pressure effect in the position resolution of an interacting X- or gamma-ray photon in a gas medium is performed. The intrinsic position resolution for pure noble gases (Argon and Xenon) and their mixtures with CO2 and CH4 were calculated for several gas pressures (1-10bar) and for photon energies between 5.4 and 60.0 keV, being possible to establish a linear match between the intrinsic position resolution and the inverse of the gas pressure in that energy range. In order to evaluate the quality of the method here described, a comparison between the available experimental data and the calculated one in this work, is done and discussed. In the majority of the cases, a strong agreement is observed

Empreendedorismo Social: Uma análise via associativismo juvenil

É atribuído ao empreendedorismo e aos empreendedores um conjunto de características cujo desenvolvimento tem sido considerado prioritário pelas autoridades públicas dos mais diferentes países. Não obstante o empreendedorismo na sua forma mais comum, i.e. ‘comercial’, estar relativamente bem estudado na literatura, o empreendedorismo social está ainda numa fase emergente, o que justifica a escassa evidência empírica existente sobre este fenómeno. Este artigo pretende contribuir para acrescentar evidência sobre esta realidade, avaliando, através de um inquérito alargado aos dirigentes da maioria das associações juvenis portuguesas, em que medida as associações dão um contributo efectivo para a criação e fomento de competências relacionadas com o empreendedorismo. Face aos dados recolhidos e aos resultados daí retirados, conclui-se que as associações juvenis desempenham um papel determinante no fomento das competências empreendedoras dos seus dirigentes. Demonstrámos, com base num modelo multivariável, que os dirigentes consideram que a sua participação no associativismo foi determinante na formação do seu perfil empreendedor. Em concreto, as atitudes empreendedoras estão positiva e significativamente associadas à percepção pelos dirigentes asociativos relativamente ao contributo das Associações no que concerne à promoção dos respectivos conhecimentos de gestão de organizações, do sistema legal e do funcionamento dos mercados. Os dirigentes ‘empreendedores’ reconhecem ainda que as Associações aumentaram a respectiva rede de contactos em termos de negócios/mercado, capacitando-os de um conjunto de conhecimentos mais vasto e de aplicabilidade prática do que qualquer disciplina que tenham frequentado no ensino formal. Em termos de implicações de política educativa, as conclusões reforçam a necessidade de existir uma maior integração entre uma abordagem formal e não formal de criação de competências teóricas e práticas no ensino do empreendedorismo aos mais diferentes níveis. Assim, o reconhecimento formal da experiência de gestão associativa como meio de enriquecimento curricular constituiria um avanço importante no espírito da futura implementação e adopção do Quadro Europeu das Qualificações.empreendedorismo social; associativismo juvenil; Portugal

Características químicas de solos cultivados com laranjeira sob diferentes níveis de manejo, na microrregião do Guamá (PA).

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