Physical Activity and Natural Anti-VIP Antibodies: Potential Role in Breast and Prostate Cancer Therapy

BACKGROUND: There is convincing evidence from numerous clinical and epidemiological studies that physical activity can reduce the risk for breast and prostate cancer. The biological mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain elusive. Herein we suggest a role for naturally produced antibodies reactive with the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the suppression of breast and prostate cancer, which we believe could offer a possible molecular mechanism underlying control of these cancers by physical exercise. METHODOLOGY AND RESULTS: We found that sera from individuals having breast and prostate cancers have decreased titers of VIP natural antibodies as demonstrated by a lower reactivity against peptide NTM1, having similar informational and structural properties as VIP. In contrast, sera collected from elite athletes, exhibited titers of natural NTM1-reactive antibodies that are significantly increased, suggesting that physical activity boosts production of these antibodies. SIGNIFICANCE: Presented results suggest that physical exercise stimulates production of natural anti-VIP antibodies and likely results in suppression of VIP. This, in turn, may play a protective role against breast and prostate cancers. Physical exercise should be further investigated as a potential tool in the treatment of these diseases

Quantitative traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Novosadska rana 5') grown on pseudogley soil depending on lime rates

The effect of the use of different lime rates on the pH values and subsequently on the quantitative traits in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Novosadska rana 5') was investigated on the pseudogley type of soil. Of the quantitative traits in wheat, spike length, number of spikes per m2, grain mass per spike, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight, were studied as the most significant indicators of its yield. The studies were carried out during 2010 and 2011. The trial was set up following a randomized block design with four liming variants along with three replications, in which the experimental field was 70 m2 in area. In both study years, along with the previously determined experimental conditions, the variant of CaCO3, used with an amount of 2 t/ha, was found to have the highest effect on enhancing all the parameters of wheat. Based on the results obtained throughout the current research work, it could be inferred that, despite falling under a lower quality class, pseudogley soil could promote usable optimal biological potential of the wheat variety ('Novosadska rana 5'), if adequately treated with lime along with the application of cropping practices.Key words: Pseudogley, lime rates, wheat, grown

BY MARKETING TO COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Planning business goals and submitting business strategy directly dependence on organizations positions in relation to competitive firm, but also dependence a future consumer’s needs and tendency in demand. In the business systems it is very important to invest in developing marketing activities, and it is necessary to make profit. Establishing marketing strategy and applying marketing methods help as to take market position and as well to hold them at the same time achieving important advantage in relation to competition

BY MARKETING TO COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE

Planning business goals and submitting business strategy directly dependence on organizations positions in relation to competitive firm, but also dependence a future consumers needs and tendency in demand. In the business systems it is very important to invest in developing marketing activities, and it is necessary to make profit. Establishing marketing strategy and applying marketing methods help as to take market position and as well to hold them at the same time achieving important advantage in relation to competition

POSTCOITAL CONTRACEPTION

The use and efficiency of the post coital contraception as an urgent procedure in preventing the generation of undesired pregnancy - as a consequence of unprotected coitus during the fertile days of the menstrual cycle - are analyzed as well as the presence of side effects of this type of contraception, its importance and perspectiv

Results of ELISA.

<p>The absorbance values (OD) obtained for sera of cancer patients, athletes and healthy control subjects with peptide NTM1. Antibodies recognizing peptide NTM1 are significantly more prevalent in serum samples from athletes compared to control subjects (swimming P(2.9e-06), water polo P(0.0001), volleyball P(8.1e-07), rowing P(1.8e-06), wrestling P(0.0009), and karate P(3.2e-07); Mann-Whitney test). The absorbance values for sera from cancer patients are significantly lower in comparison with the values obtained for control sera (P(0.02) and P(3.7e-05) in breast and prostate cancer, respectively; Mann-Whitney test).</p

Data for investigated breast and prostate cancer patients and the absorbance values obtained for their sera with peptide NTM1.

<p>*Tumor markers: breast cancer (CA15-3); prostate cancer (PSA).</p