Parameter optimization of working elements of tillage agricultural machines

U radu su prikazane mogućnosti optimizacije parametara alata poljoprivrednih mašina za obradu zemljišta koje se odnose na oblik, dimenzije, kinematiku materijal, masu i cenu. Ovi parametri su analizirani u zavisnosti od uslova primene, agrotehničkih zahteva, kvaliteta rada, energetskih pokazatelja kao i univerzalnosti i usklađenosti sa proizvodnim mogućnostima radne i pogonske mašine.This work presents possibilities of parameter optimization of tillage agricultural machine tools referring to the shape, dimensions, kinematics material, mass, and price. These parameters are analyzed in connection with applying conditions, agricultural engineering demands, work quality energetic parameters, as well as universality and accordance with production abilities of work and propelling machine

Modeling the flow of fresh and deep frozen calibrated fruit by rotating sizing machines

Princip rada rotirajućih diskosnih kalibratora zasniva se na odvajanju plodova različitih geometrijskih karakteristika kroz zazore odgovarajućih dimenzija karakterističnih za svaku zadatu klasu posebno. Klase su raspoređene od najmanje do najveće u smeru rotacije diska, a lučna kalibraciona pregrada može biti dvojake izvedbe, sa konstantno opadajućom širinom zazora i sa kaskadnom širinom. U ovom radu se razmatra kretanje plodova sa aspekta njihove brzine, i analizira model za određivanje kapaciteta rotacionih diskosnih kalibratora za različite vrste svežeg voća kao i za duboko zamrznutu malinu. Maseni protoci odnosno kapaciteti kalibratora za ispitane vrste voća u radu su približni onim koji su dobijeni nekim drugim poznatim metodama. Maseni protok kalibriranog voća srazmeran je masi i obrnuto srazmeran prečniku plodova za tretirano voće.The principle of rotating sizing machines based on a division of the fruits of various geometrical characteristics of the gaps of the same dimensions are typical for any given class separately. The classes are deployed from the smallest to the largest in the direction of rotation of the disk, and arc sizing board can be mixed performance, as slope metering gape and step metering gape. This paper discusses the movement of fruit in relation of their speed, and analyzes the model for determining the capacity of rotating sizing machines for different kinds of fresh fruit and deep-frozen raspberries. Mass flow calibrator or capacity for fruits tested in this paper are similar to those obtained in some other known methods. Calibrated mass flow is proportional to the weight of fruit and fruit in inverse proportion to the diameter of treated fruit

Optimization of foil consumption for packing deep frozen fruit

Pri pakovanju duboko zamrznutog voća u PVC folije potrošnja folije je velika i računa se po jedinici mase ili po jedinici dužine. Merenje utroška folije podleže grešci usled brojnih tehnološko - tehničkih problema. Optimizacija rešenja za utrošak folije je bazirana na implementaciji enkodera na postojećim mašinama za pakovanje i ključna je za dobijanje relevantnih rezultata. U radu prikazan je novi model mernog sistema utroška folije koji obezbeđuje niže cene pakovanja.In the case of packing deep frozen fruit in PVC foil, the foil consumption is significant and it is calculated per unit of mass or per unit of length. The measurement of foil consumption can become inaccurate because there are many technological and technical problems. The optimization of solutions for foil consumption is based on the application of encoders on existing packing machines and it is the key for obtaining correct results. This paper shows a model of a foil consumption measuring system, which helps provide a lower price for packing

Modeling the flow of fresh and deep frozen calibrated fruit by rotating sizing machines

Princip rada rotirajućih diskosnih kalibratora zasniva se na odvajanju plodova različitih geometrijskih karakteristika kroz zazore odgovarajućih dimenzija karakterističnih za svaku zadatu klasu posebno. Klase su raspoređene od najmanje do najveće u smeru rotacije diska, a lučna kalibraciona pregrada može biti dvojake izvedbe, sa konstantno opadajućom širinom zazora i sa kaskadnom širinom. U ovom radu se razmatra kretanje plodova sa aspekta njihove brzine, i analizira model za određivanje kapaciteta rotacionih diskosnih kalibratora za različite vrste svežeg voća kao i za duboko zamrznutu malinu. Maseni protoci odnosno kapaciteti kalibratora za ispitane vrste voća u radu su približni onim koji su dobijeni nekim drugim poznatim metodama. Maseni protok kalibriranog voća srazmeran je masi i obrnuto srazmeran prečniku plodova za tretirano voće.The principle of rotating sizing machines based on a division of the fruits of various geometrical characteristics of the gaps of the same dimensions are typical for any given class separately. The classes are deployed from the smallest to the largest in the direction of rotation of the disk, and arc sizing board can be mixed performance, as slope metering gape and step metering gape. This paper discusses the movement of fruit in relation of their speed, and analyzes the model for determining the capacity of rotating sizing machines for different kinds of fresh fruit and deep-frozen raspberries. Mass flow calibrator or capacity for fruits tested in this paper are similar to those obtained in some other known methods. Calibrated mass flow is proportional to the weight of fruit and fruit in inverse proportion to the diameter of treated fruit

Parameter optimization of working elements of tillage agricultural machines

U radu su prikazane mogućnosti optimizacije parametara alata poljoprivrednih mašina za obradu zemljišta koje se odnose na oblik, dimenzije, kinematiku materijal, masu i cenu. Ovi parametri su analizirani u zavisnosti od uslova primene, agrotehničkih zahteva, kvaliteta rada, energetskih pokazatelja kao i univerzalnosti i usklađenosti sa proizvodnim mogućnostima radne i pogonske mašine.This work presents possibilities of parameter optimization of tillage agricultural machine tools referring to the shape, dimensions, kinematics material, mass, and price. These parameters are analyzed in connection with applying conditions, agricultural engineering demands, work quality energetic parameters, as well as universality and accordance with production abilities of work and propelling machine

Economic indicators of precision guidance in crop production in Agricultural Corporation Belgrade (PKB)

U ovom radu ispitan je stepen ušteda pri primeni najsavremenijih tehničkih sistema za satelitsko navođenje i automatsko upravljanje pri obavljanju poljoprivrednih operacija tokom cele sezone. Ogledno imanje bila je Poljoprivredna korporacija Beograd koja se prostire na oko 21000 hektara obradive površine. Analiziran je uticaj oblika parcele i pravca kretanja agregata pri kalkulisanju ušteda usled smanjenja preklopa susednih prohoda. Izvršena je analiza ušteda po kulturama (kukuruz, pšenica, soja, šećerna repa i detelina) i po operacijama za svaku kulturu pojedinačno, prema tehnologiji proizvodnje primenjenoj na oglednom imanju. Poređenjem ostvarenih stepena uštede zaključeno je pri kojim operacijama je primena navođenja ekonomski najopravdanija i koliki nivo opremljenosti uređajima za navođenje i upravljanje je potreban. Posebno je analizirana funkcionalna zavisnost ekonomskih ušteda u gorivu i inputima za operacije distribucije hraniva i zaštite biljaka. Tabelarno je data procena stepena svih očekivanih ušteda za operacije koje se odnose na pet analiziranih kultura.This paper examined the level of savings in the application of modern technical systems for satellite guidance and control over performing agricultural operations throughout the season. The exemplary property was Agricultural Corporation Belgrade (PKB), which covers about 21,000 hectares of arable land. The effects of plot shape and direction of movement of tractor-attachment units in calculating the savings from reduced overlapping of adjacent passes were studied. The analysis was carried out of savings per crop (maize, wheat, soybean, sugar beet and alfalfa) and the operations for each crop separately, based on the manufacturing technology applied to an exemplary property. Comparing the achieved level of savings, the application of guidance for the type of the most economically viable operations was found as well as the needed equipment level of guidance devices and management. In particular, the analysis involved the functional dependence of the economic savings in fuel and inputs for the operations such as mineral fertilizers distribution and chemical plant protection. The estimates for the degree of anticipated savings for operations related to the five analyzed crops are tabulated

Optimization of parameters of a vibration system for sorting and calibrating deep frozen berry fruits

Sortiranje i kalibriranje jagodičastog voća ogleda se u visokim troškovima radne snage za izdvajanje oštećenih plodova i plodova po kvalitetu i veličini. Zahtevi koji se postavljaju pri sortiranju i kalibriranje jagodičastog voća se odnose i na tehnološke procese prethodnog hlađenja i zamrzavanje plodova čime se postiže mogućnost kvalitetnijeg izvršenja naknadnih mehaničkih operacija bez znatnih gubitaka. Razvoj rešenja za sortiranje i kalibriranje duboko zamrznutog voća treba tražiti u visoko proizvodnim sistemima sa minimalnim učešćem radne snage. Ovakav pristup zahteva primenu vibracionih sistema koji omogućavaju izdvajanje plodova na odgovarajućim sitima i sa odgovarajućim otvorima na sitima koja ostvaruju odvajanje plodova prema geometrijskim parametrima, odnosno prema propisanim klasama. Ovakvi vibracioni uređaji trebalo bi da obezbede i sortiranje i kalibriranje osim malina i jagode i kupine itd. U radu su data mašinska rešenja za sortiranje i kalibriranje sa posebnim osvrtom na optimizaciju parametara uređaja. Analizirana su i data rešenja ovih uređaja, izvršena optimizacija kinematskih parametara, dat adekvatan model vibracionog sistema koji omogućava traženu proizvodnost u cilju postizanja ekonomski opravdanijeg procesa izdvajanja duboko zamrznutih plodova po zadatim karakteristikama.Sorting and calibrating berry fruits is a costly process in terms of human labor and time needed for the efficient sorting based on quality and size. Sorting and calibrating is performed on previously cooled or frozen products, which prevents damaging the product during mechanical processing. The development of new solutions for sorting and calibrating should go in the direction of high capacity machines, with minimum engagement of human labor. This approach requires application of vibrating screen separators with predefined screen sizes, in order to meet the required size and quality. These systems should be capable to sort other fruits, besides raspberries, strawberries and blackberries. This paper shows the solutions for mechanical sorting and calibrating, with special attention to the optimization of working parameters. Exact designs were analyzed, an optimization of kinematic parameters was performed, an adequate model of a vibration system was shown, which makes the requested productivity possible, for the purpose of achieving an economically justified process for separation of deep frozen products

Modeling the flow of fresh and deep frozen calibrated fruit by rotating sizing machines

Princip rada rotirajućih diskosnih kalibratora zasniva se na odvajanju plodova različitih geometrijskih karakteristika kroz zazore odgovarajućih dimenzija karakterističnih za svaku zadatu klasu posebno. Klase su raspoređene od najmanje do najveće u smeru rotacije diska, a lučna kalibraciona pregrada može biti dvojake izvedbe, sa konstantno opadajućom širinom zazora i sa kaskadnom širinom. U ovom radu se razmatra kretanje plodova sa aspekta njihove brzine, i analizira model za određivanje kapaciteta rotacionih diskosnih kalibratora za različite vrste svežeg voća kao i za duboko zamrznutu malinu. Maseni protoci odnosno kapaciteti kalibratora za ispitane vrste voća u radu su približni onim koji su dobijeni nekim drugim poznatim metodama. Maseni protok kalibriranog voća srazmeran je masi i obrnuto srazmeran prečniku plodova za tretirano voće.The principle of rotating sizing machines based on a division of the fruits of various geometrical characteristics of the gaps of the same dimensions are typical for any given class separately. The classes are deployed from the smallest to the largest in the direction of rotation of the disk, and arc sizing board can be mixed performance, as slope metering gape and step metering gape. This paper discusses the movement of fruit in relation of their speed, and analyzes the model for determining the capacity of rotating sizing machines for different kinds of fresh fruit and deep-frozen raspberries. Mass flow calibrator or capacity for fruits tested in this paper are similar to those obtained in some other known methods. Calibrated mass flow is proportional to the weight of fruit and fruit in inverse proportion to the diameter of treated fruit

Influence of working elements and machine concepts on rational soil cultivation

U radu su analizirani radni elementi koji čine sistem u okviru klasičnih mašina za obradu zemljišta i mašina za obavljanje nekoliko operacija u jednom prohodu. Prvenstveno su prikazani radni elementi, pasivni i aktivni i koncepcije mašina, koji omogućavaju da se ostvari željena struktura i vodno vazdušni kapacitet pri obradi zemljišta, uz odgovarajuću pogonsku mašinu. Data je osim tehnološko tehničkih zahteva i analiza oblika i parametara radnih elemenata koji uslovljavaju veću ekonomsku efikasnost, kvalitetniji i veći prinos uz manje troškove.This paper analyzes working elements, which in the system of classic agricultural machines for soil cultivation and machines for performing multiple tasks in one pass. The objective of the paper are working elements passive and active, and machine concepts, which enable to achieve required structure and water-air capacity during soil cultivation, together with appropriate tractor. Besides technological and technical requirements, the analysis of shape and parameters of working elements is given, which cause better economical efficiency, better quality and higher yield while reducing the costs

Influence of working elements and machine concepts on rational soil cultivation

U radu su analizirani radni elementi koji čine sistem u okviru klasičnih mašina za obradu zemljišta i mašina za obavljanje nekoliko operacija u jednom prohodu. Prvenstveno su prikazani radni elementi, pasivni i aktivni i koncepcije mašina, koji omogućavaju da se ostvari željena struktura i vodno vazdušni kapacitet pri obradi zemljišta, uz odgovarajuću pogonsku mašinu. Data je osim tehnološko tehničkih zahteva i analiza oblika i parametara radnih elemenata koji uslovljavaju veću ekonomsku efikasnost, kvalitetniji i veći prinos uz manje troškove.This paper analyzes working elements, which in the system of classic agricultural machines for soil cultivation and machines for performing multiple tasks in one pass. The objective of the paper are working elements passive and active, and machine concepts, which enable to achieve required structure and water-air capacity during soil cultivation, together with appropriate tractor. Besides technological and technical requirements, the analysis of shape and parameters of working elements is given, which cause better economical efficiency, better quality and higher yield while reducing the costs