27 research outputs found

    A Decision Support Tool for Water Supply System Decentralization via Distribution Network Sectorization

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    [EN] Many water supply systems, conceived to operate in centralized manner, face difficulties to adapt to dynamic changes, such as population growth, city extension, and industrial development. Decentralization of these systems may be an effective solution. Known techniques for distribution network sectorization design can help to achieve such a goal, but this has not been recognized in the literature. None of those known techniques considers the conversion of a centralized system to a decentralized one. In this paper, two new distinct yet complementary methodologies for water supply system decentralization by distribution network sectorization are proposed and implemented in a software decision support tool freely available on internet. The first methodology identifies the main flow paths from water sources to some strategic nodes and considers the nodes in these paths as new potential sources for dividing the rest of the network. The second methodology sectorizes the network according to the contribution of sources to the consumption at nodes, based on mass balance equations for the transport of a hypothetical conservative constituent in a steady state. Both methods were applied to two real network models. The results obtained were better, for decentralizing the supply, compared to those obtained by other methodologies proposed in the literature.The main author of this paper wishes to thank the National Studentship Program of Peru for financing his doctoral studies at the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain.Vegas Niño, OT.; Martínez Alzamora, F.; Tzatchkov, VG. (2021). A Decision Support Tool for Water Supply System Decentralization via Distribution Network Sectorization. Processes. 9(4):1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9040642S1159

    Modelación de redes de agua potable basado en el proceso de neyman-scott

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    Uno de los parámetros más difíciles de estimar al modelar las redes de distribución de agua potable es el del consumo doméstico. Se ha demostrado que este sigue un proceso estocástico posible de caracterizar a través de pulsos rectangulares, con ciertas intensidad, duración y frecuencia de arribo, por medio de esquemas estocásticos como el modelo de pulsos rectangulares de Neyman-Scott (Neyman-Scott Rectangular Pulses Model, NSRPM. El esquema NSRPM se basa en la solución de un problema de optimización no lineal que involucra momentos teóricos de las series sintéticas (equiprobables) y los momentos observados (mediciones de campo). Se ha publicado la metodología, así como trabajos orientados a la generación de la demanda en los domicilios, sin embargo no su validación en una red de distribución real, con la conjunción y agregación de las demandas de los domicilios, y su comparación con los métodos tradicionales. En el presente artículo se comparan resultados obtenidos empleando series sintéticas con carácter estocástico, producto del esquema NSRPM aplicado a la determinación de presiones y caudales, con los obtenidos por el método tradicional que utiliza curva de variación horaria de la demanda, y con mediciones de presión y caudal hechas en el sector Humaya, en Culiacán, Sinaloa, México.Residential water demand is one of the most difficult parameters to determine when modelling drinking water distribution networks. It has been proven to be a stochastic process which can be characterised as a series of rectangular pulses having set intensity, duration and frequency. Such parameters can be determined using stochastic models such as the Neyman-Scott rectangular pulse model (NSRPM). NSRPM is based on resolving a non-linear optimisation problem involving theoretical moments of the synthetic demand series (equiprobable) and of the observed moments (field measurements) statistically establishing the measured demand series. NSRPM has been applied to generating local residential demand. However, this model has not been validated for a real distribution network with residential demand aggregation, or compared to traditional methods (which is dealt with here). This paper compares the results of synthetic stochastic demand series (calculated using NSRPM applied to determining pressure and flow rate) to results obtained using traditional simulation methods using the curve of hourly variation in demand and to actual pressure and flow rate measurements. The Humaya sector of Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico, was used as study area

    Modelación de la variación del consumo de agua potable con métodos estocásticos

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    A pesar de su importancia, en la práctica, la variación de la demanda de agua potable se estima de manera muy aproximada de mediciones continuas del gasto en la tubería que abastece a una zona; por su lado, la curva de variación de la demanda medida se asume válida para cualquier otra tubería de la red, independientemente del número de usuarios al que da servicio. El presente artículo describe una metodología para obtener la variación diaria estocástica de la demanda instantánea de agua potable, aplicable a una sola casa o cualquier número de casas con base en los parámetros estadísticos del consumo de agua en casas individuales, nivel de fugas dado y la variación del gasto medida en la tubería de abastecimiento, considerando casos de suministro continuo e intermitente. La metodología propuesta ofrece una base racional para la determinación de la variación de la demanda a cualquier nivel de agregación, que puede combinarse con la correspondiente manera tradicional o sustituirla. Los resultados se compararon con mediciones de campo en una ciudad mexicana donde el suministro de agua potable es continuo. La variación de los gastos en las tuberías con suministro intermitente o con servicio continuo, pero con cisternas y tinacos en los domicilios, es muy diferente de aquella en tuberías con suministro continuo sin cisternas y tinacos. El coeficiente de demanda máxima horaria es más alto en suministro intermitente que en suministro continuo, pero más bajo en redes que tienen servicio continuo, y cisternas o tinacos en los domicilios

    Water Supply Network Partitioning Based on Simultaneous Cost and Energy Optimization

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    Water Network Partitioning (WNP) improves water network management, simplifying the computation of water budgets and, consequently, allowing the identification and reduction of water loss. It is achieved by inserting flow meters and gate valves in the network, previously clustered in subsystems. The clustering and partitioning phases are carried out with different procedures. The first one requires clustering algorithms that assign network nodes to each district (or cluster). The second one chooses the boundary pipes where flow meters or gate valves are to be inserted. In this paper, SWANP software is employed to achieve a network clustering through two different algorithms based on a multilevel-recursive bisection and community-structure procedures. After that, a novel multi-objective function is introduced and applied to a large Mexican network integrating both cost and energy performance, thus providing a smart Decision Support System (DSS) based on qualitative and quantitative measures, and diagrams for evaluating the optimal layout in terms of the number of districts, cost, and hydraulic performance

    Optimal Design Of Network Partitioning For Water Distribution System Protection From Intentional Contamination

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    The intentional contamination of water distribution systems represents one of the major risks for citizens, consequently after 11th September 2001 many international organizations have been concerned about it. The availability at low cost of new monitoring and management devices, controlled by a remote system, allows to define different layouts of the water network in a new paradigm of dynamic layouts of water distribution systems in which an important role is played by water network partitioning and sectorization. Recently the advantages of these techniques have been investigated to analyse their application to the problem of water network protection from the contamination. The possibility of designing districts and sectors reduces the risk of affecting many people because several points of contaminant introduction would be needed to produce a wide negative impact on the network. Furthermore, the closure of the sectors, in which the contamination occurs, allows to protect significantly a part of the users. This way the water network partitioning respects the criteria of dual-use value because districts and sectors, in addition to protect the network from contamination, are essentially defined for other aims (water balance, pressure management, etc.) optimizing the costs. The design of the water network partitioning is essentially based only on the reduction of the negative effects on hydraulic performance due to the insertion of gate valves in the network, but not on the minimization of the negative effects of a possible contamination. In this study a novel methodology is proposed that allows to optimize the design of water network partitioning both for compliance of hydraulic performance and for water protection. The methodology is based on heuristic optimization techniques that optimize a costrained multiobjective fuction. The analysis was carried out with different contaminant and sectorization scenarios on a real multiple source water distribution network in Mexico

    Modelación hidráulica de un reactor de electrocoagulación tubular de sección anular

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    Canto-Ríos, J., Martín-Domínguez, A., Pérez-Castrejón, S., Alcocer-Yamanaka, V., & Tzatchkov-Velitchko, G. (mayojunio, 2017). Modelación hidráulica de un reactor de electrocoagulación tubular de sección anular. Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua, 8(3), 111-126. La electrocoagulación es una opción en la remoción de contaminantes presentes en agua basada en el desgaste de electrodos para la formación in situ de un coagulante. En la eficiencia de este tipo de sistemas intervienen procesos fisicoquímicos, electroquímicos e hidráulicos. Diversos autores han estudiado esta tecnología desde los primeros dos enfoques, sin embargo, poco se conoce de la influencia de la hidráulica en la eficiencia del proceso. El presente trabajo se enfoca en el estudio de las pérdidas de carga totales en un reactor de electrocoagulación con flujo a presión y sección transversal anular simple y múltiple, donde esta última característica depende del arreglo de los electrodos. Se presenta el análisis de las pérdidas de carga por cortante y accesorios, las cuales se modelaron utilizando diferentes expresiones empíricas y se compararon con las mediciones realizadas a escala semipiloto. Como resultado del análisis se observó que la ecuación de Bahramir, Yovanovich y Culham (2006) asemeja las pérdidas reales en secciones anulares múltiples, mientras que la expresión propuesta por Davis describe mejor la sección anular simple. Estos resultados permitirán tener herramientas para diseñar reactores de electrocoagulación a escala real

    Modelación de redes de distribución de agua con suministro intermitente

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    21 p

    Modelo numérico del decaimiento del cloro en redes de agua potable con flujo no permanente

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    8 p
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