Testing the sharing rule in a collective model of discrete labor supply with Spanish data

This paper estimates a collective model of discrete labor supply, using data from the Spanish Survey of Household Finances. The model allows identifying a sharing rule of household income. Then, it is used unique information for unemployed wives about intrahousehold transfers to estimate its accuracy. Results show that husbands'' hours of work are conditional on wives'' decisions, which mainly depend on non-labour income. Despite data availability, predicted sharing rules fit the data qualitatively well, and are mainly driven by wives'' potential income. Husbands show low levels of altruism, and non-participation appears to be especially detrimental for wives with high potential income

The urban mobility of elder workers: evidence with the American Time Use Survey

This paper explores the commuting behavior of elder workers in the United States. Using detailed time diaries from the American Time Use Survey for the years 2003-2018, estimates reveal a positive correlation between the time spent commuting and residing in metropolitan areas, which is also driven by longer commutes in more populated metropolitan areas. Furthermore, elder workers in metropolitan areas of more than 2.5 million inhabitants use more public transports in their commuting trips than similar workers in less-populated or non-metropolitan areas. The analysis presented here may allow policy makers to identify which elder workers may be more affected by the negative consequences of commuting, and which groups of elder workers have more limitations in their commuting behaviors

The entrepreneurial activity using GEM data: evidence for Spain (national and regional) and for Europe

This work uses different sources of data from the Global Entrepreneur Monitor to show a descriptive and comparative analysis of the different dimensions of the entrepreneurial activity, in the Spanish regions, and at international level. I also study the individual determinants of the entrepreneurial activity in Spain, and Europe, using bootstrapping techniques to avoid overfitted results. My results indicate that entrepreneurial levels in Spain are below the average of European countries, and also below the levels of United States, Canada, and Australia. However, the determinants of entrepreneurship appear to be similar in all the regions studied

Intergenerational correlation of self-employment in European countries

We analyze the existence of a long-run intergenerational correlation of self-employment in Europe, providing cross-country comparative evidence. Using the 2011 special module on Intergenerational Transmission of the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC), we analyze the correlations between the current self-employment status of respondents, and that of their parents when respondents were 14 years old, in nine European countries. After controlling for both individual and macroeconomic observable factors, our estimates show that the intergenerational correlation of self-employment is strong between men and their fathers, while it is not robust for females. Furthermore, working in the same occupation as parents appears to be a strong channel of intergenerational correlation of self-employment

Feminization of entrepreneurship in developing countries? Evidence from GEM data

Certain analyses have studied gender differences in entrepreneurial activity, but, in general, the lack of specific controls may have led to biased results. In this paper, we analyze whether male or female individuals have a higher probability of becoming entrepreneurs in developing regions (Eastern Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, South-East Asia, and Africa). Using GEM data from 2009 to 2014, we avoid the potential confounding problems arising from the definition of entrepreneurship. We find that the descriptive statistics show constant gender gaps in entrepreneurial activity in favor of males, for all the regions. However, when individual and environmental entrepreneurial characteristics are taken into account, these gaps diminish significantly in Eastern Europe, disappear in Asia and Africa, and are reversed in Latin America

The entrepreneurial activity using GEM data: evidence for Spain (national and regional) and for Europe

This work uses different sources of data from the Global Entrepreneur Monitor to show a descriptive and comparative analysis of the different dimensions of the entrepreneurial activity, in the Spanish regions, and at international level. I also study the individual determinants of the entrepreneurial activity in Spain, and Europe, using bootstrapping techniques to avoid overfitted results. My results indicate that entrepreneurial levels in Spain are below the average of European countries, and also below the levels of United States, Canada, and Australia. However, the determinants of entrepreneurship appear to be similar in all the regions studied

Regional and national results on entrepreneurship using GEM data

In this paper, we use different sources of data from the GEM to show a descriptive and comparative analysis of the different dimensions of the entrepreneurial activity, in the Spanish regions, and at international level. We also study the individual determinants of the entrepreneurial activity in Spain, and Europe, using bootstrapping techniques to avoid overfitted results. The results indicate that entrepreneurial levels in Spain are below the average of European countries, and also below the levels of United States, Canada, and Australia. However, the determinants of entrepreneurship appear to be similar in all the regions studied

An Innovative Communicative Approach: Rap in the EFL Classroom

La unidad didáctica ¡Clase de Raperos! cobra vida para compensar un problema de motivación visto en un aula real de EFL de 3º de ESO. Después de una minuciosa observación y realización de cuestionarios, se percibió la necesidad de formar e implementar una unidad de aprendizaje basada en un enfoque comunicativo. Este artículo explora la implementación del género rap como vehículo para aprendizaje a lo largo de seis lecciones que corresponden a las seis etapas de PBLL. La unidad está contextualizada para un grupo bilingüe de 3º de ESO y diseñado con materiales atractivos. Como resultado, la unidad pone énfasis en varios pilares comunicativos, como son las técnicas colaborativas, diferenciación y andamiaje mientras el estudiante explora los mecanismos intrínsecos del rap. La columna vertebral de esta unidad es tanto la interacción como la comunicación a través del arte y la manifestaciones culturales, al mismo tiempo que desarrolla en profundidad varias competencias curriculares. Además, a través de la dificultad creciente de la unidad y el tiempo dedicado a tareas reflexivas e introspectivas, así como autoevaluaciones continuas, la unidad funciona como un proceso de autodescubrimiento que pone un gran énfasis en ayudar a los alumnos a desarrollar habilidades para conocerse a sí mismos y discernir sus fortalezas por medio de la teoría de las Múltiples Inteligencias de Gardner.<br /

Intrahousehold Bargaining Power in Spain: An Empirical Test of the Collective Model

This paper analyzes the intrahousehold bargaining power of spouses in Spanish families, in a collective framework. We estimate household labor supply equations and, under certain testable restrictions, we obtain a theoretically derived sharing rule for household income, which characterizes intrahousehold bargaining power. Then, using unique data on decision-making in the household, we construct Pareto weights, and study the validity of the collective model by comparing the theoretical sharing rule and the constructed Pareto weight. The results reveal that both the observed Pareto weight and the theoretical sharing rule display qualitative similarities, thus providing direct empirical support to the collective model. Furthermore, the results suggest that Spanish wives behave more altruistically, while husbands behave more egoistically. This should be taken into account by policy makers and researchers when analyzing inequality in the household, and contemplating specific policies affecting the household

The effect of cultural environment on entrepreneurial decisions

This paper empirically examines whether the cultural environment plays a role in entrepreneurial decisions in Europe, the United States, Canada, and Australia. To explore this issue, we use data from the Adult Population Survey (APS) of 2010 to 2015 provided by the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). To calculate the cultural factor, we utilize data from the GEM National Expert Survey (NES) data and apply a probit model to measure the effect of culture based on an unobserved latent variable of satisfaction, measured through a dichotomous variable identifying entrepreneurs. Results show a positive and statistically significant relationship between the cultural factor and the individual choice of entrepreneurial activity, suggesting that cultural environment is important, especially in European and Mediterranean countries. Our findings are robust to the introduction of several country variables, and to the use of different subsamples. Further, they do not qualitatively depend on the age of individuals