DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF LINAGLIPTIN AND METFORMIN

Objective: A simple, precise, and accurate stability indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for simultaneous estimation of linagliptin and metformin active pharmaceutical ingredients and fixed dose combination.Methods: Linagliptin and metformin densitograms were developed on silica gel 60 F254 HPTLC plates with acetone: methanol: chloroform: formic acid (3:1:5:1v/v) as the mobile phase. Densitometric quantification was performed at 230 nm.Results: For linagliptin and metformin RF values were found as 0.72 and 0.19, respectively. The method was validated for precision, accuracy, specificity, and robustness. The linearity curves were obtained in the concentration range of 100–600 ng per spot by area with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.99 for linagliptin and metformin, respectively. Limit of detection was found to be 5.19 and 8.72 ng per spot for linagliptin and metformin, respectively; lowest possible quantity to be quantified by the proposed method was found to be 15.74 and 26.44 ng per spot for linagliptin and metformin, respectively. From stability studies, the noninterference of the linagliptin and metformin degradants with drugs demonstrated the suitability of the developed method.Conclusion: The developed method was validated and found to be selective, specific and suitable for application in pharmaceutical analysis of these drugs in bulk and fixed dose combination.Â

Isolated Power Conditioning unit for Applications Involving Micro Wind Turbines

Renewable Energy sources have become one of the most desired modes of energy sources due to increasing pollution and declining fossil fuels. Wind energy sources is among the major contributors of renewable energy sources with much untapped potential and capable of installation even in remote areas. For larger scale wind power plants, Power Conditioning Unit plays a key-role as it deals with protection, voltage regulation and efficiency. Many power conditioning Units which are presently in application do not provide electrical isolation which may lead to adverse effects in case of fault conditions. The proposed model in this paper provides electrical isolation with the help of Quasi Z Source DCDC converter with galvanic isolation

Biological activities of plant extracts from Ficus elastica and Selaginella vogelli: an antimalarial, antitrypanosomal and cytotoxity evaluation

The cytotoxic, antiplasmodial, and antitrypanosomal activities of two medicinal plants traditionally used in Cameroon were evaluated. Wood of Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem. aerial roots (Moraceae) and Selaginella vogelii Spring (Selaginellaceae) leaves were collected from two different sites in Cameroon. In vitro cell-growth inhibition activities were assessed on methanol extract of plant materials against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 and Trypanosoma brucei brucei, as well as against HeLa human cervical carcinoma cells. Criteria for activity were an IC50 value 10 μg/mL. The extract of S. vogelii did not significantly reduce the viability of P. falciparum at a concentration of 25 μg/mL but dramatically affected the trypanosome growth with an IC50 of 2.4 μg/mL. In contrast, at the same concentration, the extract of F. elastica exhibited plasmodiacidal activity (IC50 value of 9.5 μg/mL) and trypanocidal (IC50 value of 0.9 μg/mL) activity. Both extracts presented low cytotoxic effects on HeLa cancer cell line. These results indicate that the selected medicinal plants could be further investigated for identifying compounds that may be responsible for the observed activities and that may represent new leads in parasitical drug discovery

Phytochemicals as novel agents for the induction of browning in white adipose tissue

Obesity and its associated metabolic syndrome continue to be a health epidemic in westernized societies and is catching up in the developing world. Despite such increases, little headway has been made to reverse adverse weight gain in the global population. Few medical options exist for the treatment of obesity which points to the necessity for exploration of anti-obesity therapies including pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compounds. Defects in brown adipose tissue, a major energy dissipating organ, has been identified in the obese and is hypothesized to contribute to the overall metabolic deficit observed in obesity. Not surprisingly, considerable attention has been placed on the discovery of methods to activate brown adipose tissue. A variety of plant-derived, natural compounds have shown promise to regulate brown adipose tissue activity and enhance the lipolytic and catabolic potential of white adipose tissue. Through activation of the sympathetic nervous system, thyroid hormone signaling, and transcriptional regulation of metabolism, natural compounds such as capsaicin and resveratrol may provide a relatively safe and effective option to upregulate energy expenditure. Through utilizing the energy dissipating potential of such nutraceutical compounds, the possibility exists to provide a therapeutic solution to correct the energy imbalance that underlines obesity

Andrographolide Pretreatment Enhances the Bioavailability and Hypoglycemic Action of Glimepiride and Metformin

Herbal antidiabetic preparations are often used as an add-on therapy in diabetes. Hence, in the present investigation the effect of andrographolide (AD) on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glimepiride and metformin in normal as well as in STZ - induced diabetic rats was studied. In normal and diabetic rats the combination of glimepiride and metformin with AD increased significantly (p < 0.01) all the pharmacokinetic parameters, such as Cmax, AUC0 to n, AUCtotal, t½, MRT and decreased the clearance, Vd markedly as compared with the control group. In pharmacodynamic studies, the combination of glimepiride and metformin with AD provided significant protection against the diabetes induced alterations in the biochemical parameters. In addition, the combination of glimepiride and metformin with AD also improved the total antioxidant status and decreased lipid peroxide levels significantly in diabetic rats compared with AD, glimepiride and metformin alone treated groups. The results revealed that combination of glimepiride and metformin with AD led to the enhancement of the bioavailability of glimepiride and metformin by inhibiting the CYP450 enzymes. In conclusion, add-on preparations containing AD may increase the bioavailability of glimepiride and metformin, which suggested that AD might be beneficial as an adjuvant to glimepiride and metformin in a proper dose, in diabetic patients and hence the doses should be monitored