Protection of pigs against challenge with virulent <i>Streptococcus suis</i> serotype 2 strains by a muramidase-released protein and extracellular factor vaccine

The efficacy of a muramidase-released protein (MRP) and extracellular factor (EF) vaccine in preventing infection and disease in pigs challenged either with a homologous or a heterologous Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strain (MRP EF ) was compared with the efficacy of a vaccine containing formalin-killed bacterin of S suis serotype 2 (MRP EF ). The enhancement of the immune response by different adjuvants (a water-in-oil emulsion [wo] and an aluminium hydroxide-based adjuvant [AH]) and their side effects were also studied. The MRP and EF were purified by affinity chromatography. Pigs were vaccinated twice at three weeks and six weeks of age and challenged intravenously with virulent S suis serotype 2 strains (MRP EF ) at eight weeks of age. At challenge, the pigs vaccinated with MRP EF/WO had high anti-MRP and anti-EF titres and were protected as effectively as pigs vaccinated with wo-formulated vaccines with bacterin. Eight of the nine pigs survived the challenge and almost no clinical signs of disease were observed. The titres obtained with the MRP EF/AH vaccine were low and only two of the five pigs were protected. Pigs vaccinated with either MRP or EF were less well protected; three of the four pigs died after challenge but the clinical signs of disease were significantly less severe than those observed in the placebo-vaccinated pigs. The protective capacity of the bacterin/AH vaccine was very low, and the mortality among these pigs was as high as in the placebo-vaccinated pigs (80 per cent). Postmortem histological examination revealed meningitis, polyserositis and arthritis in the clinically affected pigs. The results demonstrate that a subunit vaccine containing both MRP and EF, formulated with the wo adjuvant, protected pigs against challenge with virulent S suis type 2 strains

INDO-AUSTRALIAN POMPILIDAE (Hym.) II. An annotated list of the oriental species of the genus Hemipepsis DAHLB

abstract not availabl

ONINDO-AUSTRALIAN BEMBECINUS, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE SPECIES OCCURRING IN JAVA (Hym., Sphec.)

abstract not availabl

DESCRIPTIONS AND RECORDS OF ORIENTAL AND PAPUAN SOLITARY VESPIDAE (HYM.).

abstract not availabl

INDO-AUSTRALIAN POMPILIDAE (Hym.) I. Leptodialepis "bipartitus (LEP.) and some similarly coloured species

abstract not availabl

THE HEM/PEPSIS SPECIES OF JAVA

abstract not availabl

Can't Touch This: unconditional tamper evidence from short keys

Storing data on an external server with information-theoretic security, while using a key shorter than the data itself, is impossible. As an alternative, we propose a scheme that achieves information-theoretically secure tamper evidence: The server is able to obtain information about the stored data, but not while staying undetected. Moreover, the client only needs to remember a key whose length is much shorter than the data. We provide a security proof for our scheme, based on an entropic uncertainty relation, similar to QKD proofs. Our scheme works if Alice is able to (reversibly) randomise the message to almost-uniformity with only a short key. By constructing an explicit attack we show that short-key unconditional tamper evidence cannot be achieved without this randomisability