3 research outputs found
Evaluation of the addition of immobilizing agents on selected physicochemical properties of soil contaminated with heavy metals
This study was aimed at determining effects of increasing simultaneous contamination of soil with Pb and Zn at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg·kg⁻¹ and with Cd at doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg·kg⁻¹ soil, after the addition of immobilizing agents (zeolite, diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, limestone, and activated carbon), on selected properties of soil. In the soil without the immobilizing agents, the highest doses of metals caused a decrease in pH value, total sorption capacity, total exchangeable base cations and saturation of the sorption complex with base cations as well as an increase in hydrolytic acidity and electrical conductivity of the soil. Among the agents applied, dolomite and activated carbon exerted a positive effect on the analyzed properties of soil, as they contributed to an increase in pH value, total exchangeable bases, and total sorption capacity, and to a decrease in hydrolytic acidity of the soil. The addition of zeolite caused soil electrical conductivity to decrease compared to the control pot, at all levels of soil contamination with Pb, Cd, and Zn
Research of the biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable plastic material in various types of environments
Research of the biodegradability of
degradable/biodegradable plastic material
in various types of environments.
Research was carried out in order to assess
biodegradability of degradable/biodegradable
materials made of HDPE and mixed with
totally degradable plastic additive (TDPA
additive) or made of polyethylene (PE) with
the addition of pro-oxidant additive (d2w
additive), advertised as 100% degradable
or certified as compostable within various
types of environments. Research conditions
were: (i) controlled composting environment
– laboratory-scale, (ii) real composting
conditions – domestic compost bin, (iii) real
composting conditions – industrial composting
plant and (iv) landfill conditions. The
results demonstrate that the materials made
of HDPE and mixed with totally degradable
plastic additive (TDPA additive) or made of
polyethylene (PE) with the addition of pro-
-oxidant additive (d2w additive) or advertised
as 100% degradable did not biodegrade
in any of the above-described conditions and
remained completely intact at the end of the
tests. Biodegradation of the certified compostable
plastic bags proceeded very well in
laboratory-scale conditions and in real composting
conditions – industrial composting
plant, however, these materials did not biodegrade
in real composting conditions – domestic
compost bin and landfill conditions
Wpływ zielonych dachów na jakość wody deszczowej oraz wybrane problemy ekoploatacyjne - studium przypadku
Shopping centres usually occupy large areas of land development. However, their roofs are rarely used for purposes
related to rainwater management and introduction of active biological surfaces. In Bielsko-Biała, thanks
to the initiative of the originator and architect, an intense green roof was created on the rooftop of a shopping
centre. In addition to the primary role of the roof as a garden that makes the housing estate more attractive, it
also collects some of the rainwater and delays its outflow to the sewage system. Plants, shrubs and trees planted
on the roof are watered almost exclusively with water collected in a tank located under the building, intended for
retaining rainwater. These waters are pretreated before they reach the tank, i.e. they filter through the root layer
of plants growing on the roof, and through the biologically active layer (substrate). This paper highlights some
of the operating problems of the selected green roof. The authors focused on assessing the toxicity of rainwater
flowing down from hardened surfaces on the roof of the shopping centre and the area occupied by the green
roof. Relevant toxicity studies on these waters have been carried out in this regard. The research hypothesis that
rainwater percolating through the selected soil material is not toxic and stimulates test plant growth was put forward.
Tests of semichronic toxicity with the seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) prove that all the rainwater
samples showed a stimulating effect on the test plant. The average root growth stimulation value during the
period considered was –125%. It was confirmed that rainwater did not show toxic properties for white mustard
seeds (Sinapis alba L.) and can be used for watering the garden constituting the green roof of a selected research
facility. In the case of rainwater pH, it was found that the pH is adequate and has no toxic effect on the selected
white mustard test plant (Sinapis alba L.). It confirms that the rainwater retained in this way can be used to water
the green roof. The selected research facility meets the requirements set for green roofs