Integrated Process to Obtain Anthocyanin Enriched Palm-Fat Particles from Elderberry Juice

Two novel technologies were applied in order to investigate concentration and formulation of anthocyanins for potential use in food industry. Integrated membrane process technology was applied for concentrating elderberry juice. In the first step, the juice was clarified by microfiltration, followed by a pre-concentration step with reverse osmosis. Finally, the juice was concentrated to the end concentration of 56 °Brix by osmotic distillation. The elderberry juice concentrate was formulated in a powderous form by a high-pressure process — Particles from Gas Saturated Solution (PGSS™) — using supercritical CO2. The applied carrier material was palm fat. The products with different anthocyanin-carrier ratios were measured for their colour properties (lightness, hue angle, and saturation). Colour stability was monitored for prolonged storage at different conditions (light/dark and ambient temperature/ refrigerator). The obtained powderous anthocyanin-palm fat products showed good colour stability, which gives good bases for potential applications in the future

Mercury content in the superficial geological formations of Hungary

Abstract Among the periodic system's elements, mercury (Hg) is most liable to dispersion and, simultaneously, most liable to secondary enrichment. Consequently, mercury enrichments can occur as a result of a number of geologic as well as anthropogenic processes. If the geologic processes cease, quite extended dispersion halos can form around a former accumulation center. Hydrothermal mineralization is a typical process giving rise to mercury concentration. As a result, regional mercury impacts can occur in the floodplains of rivers flowing from the mining and heavy industrial regions of Transylvania and Slovakia. Elsewhere, mercury anomalies detectable at the intermediate scale (1:50,000) can be found in the Zemplén and Mátra Mountains and, subordinately, in the Börzsöny Mountains. Typically mercury anomalies develop above major structural lineaments as well, unless they are buried under thick young sediments. A remarkable example is the deep fault separating the Pilis and Visegrád Mountains. Another group of Hg anomalies is caused by well-known mercury contamination sources (Kazincbarcika, Balatonfűzfő), which are truly local: they cannot be detected at the scale of the given study

The effect if extraction time and sample ratio on the process of extracting active substances from Hawthorn (Crataegus Monogyna) using ultrasound

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) is one of the modern method that is applied today with the aim to decrease solvent consumption, shorten the extraction time, increase the extraction yield, and enhance the quality of extracts. In this paper, the effect of extraction time and the ratio of the sample to the solvent have been studied on the ultrasonic extraction of hawthorn fruits. The hawthorn fruit was collected from Normafa, Hungary. 10% ethanol and pure distilled water were used as extraction solvent. Folin-Ciocalteu method was performed to visualization of total phenolic compounds (TPC) and the ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) method to quantify antioxidant activity in the extracts. Analyzing the results by two-way-ANOVA at significant level p < 0.05 by using SPSS software demonstrated that there is significant effect of time of extraction and the ratio of the sample to solvent. For TPC the best value was obtained at (9 min, 0.05 g/ml sample-solvent ratio) with a mean (451.106 ± 0.79 mg/L) by using 10% ethanol, and at (3 min, 0.075 g/ml sample-solvent ratio) with a mean (365.289 ± 15.96 mg/L) by using distilled water. While the best antioxidant activity was with a mean (223.033 ± 1.01 mg/L) at (9 min, 0.075 g/ml sample-solvent ratio) and (50.678 ± 2.02 mg/L) at (6 min, 0.1 g/ml sample-solvent ratio) by using the 10% ethanol and distilled water respectively. More work is needed to define better conditions for using the distilled water as a solvent in the ultrasonic extraction