HPLC/UV profile and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of lichen Umbilicaria crustulosa growing in Serbia

The lichens synthesize a large number of secondary metabolites and most of these compounds are unique to lichen. The present study provides data concerning the chemical characterization and determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents of lichen extracts of Umbilicaria crustulosa. Chemical profiling of the extracts was done by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a UV detector (HPLC/UV), while the determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents was done by the spectrophotometric method. HPLC analysis of the acetone and methanol extracts of U. crustulosa lichen revealed the presence of the methylorselinate, lecanoric acid, crustinic acid, haematommic acid, gyrophoric acid, methyl lecanorate, physodic acid, atranorin and chloroatranorin as the main compounds. The most abundant compounds of the acetone and methanol extracts were the tri-depside gyrophoric acid (59.27 % and 58.32 %) and didepside lecanoric acid (7.41 % and 11.43 %). The results of the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) show that the acetone extract had higher values of TPC (205.46 mg GA/g) and TFC (290.18 mg RE/g; 160.50 mg QE/g). The investigated extracts of the lichen U. crustulosa can be used as a significant source of biologically active compounds.Publishe

Regulacioni radovi

Uspešno zasnivanje vinogradarskih zasada bazira se na dobrom poznavanju i korišćenju znanja iz vinogradarske nauke i tehnike. Nakon prethodno izvršenih ispitivanja koja obuhvataju analizu tržišnih i ekonomskih, zatim zemljišnih i klimatskih uslova, koja predviđaju povoljnu vinogradarsku proizvodnju, prvi naredni korak u zasnivanju vinograda su regulacioni radovi. Ovi radovi imaju za cilj da omoguće uspešan rast, razvoj i plodonošenje vinove loze, kao i da stvore mogućnost za najveći stepen iskorišćenja mehanizovanog rada u obradi i zaštiti. Tu spadaju krčenje i čišćenje, ravnanje, terasiranje, odvodnjavanje, navodnjavanje i sl

Efekat biouglja na morfološka svojstva kukuruza i soje

This paper analyses the effects of the biochar application morphological traits in maize and soybean under semi-controlled conditions. During the study, the increasing doses of biochar (0%, 0.5%, 1, 3, and 5%) were incorporated in three soil types: Alluvium, Humogley and Chernozem to determine plant height and shoot weight. The experiment was set up as fully randomized design with three repetitions. The plants were grown in pots of 5 l with controlled watering and N fertilization. The research results have shown that there are differences in terms of biochar effects on soils. The greatest effect on plant height and shoot weight was obtained when the biochar was applied to Humogley soil and lower effects were found on the Alluvium soil. The increase in aboveground mass of maize and soybeans was significantly conditioned by adding different doses of biochar. Based on these results, it can be concluded that adding biochar can significantly affect the growth of plants. This is a consequence of the changes it causes in soil, which requires further tests to complement the current findings.U radu je ispitivan uticaj primene biouglja na morfološka svojstva kukuruza i soje u polukontrolisanim uslovima. Primenjene su rastuće doze biouglja na tri tipa zemljišta: aluvijum, černozem i humoglej i praćena je visina biljaka i masa nadzemnog dela. Ogled je postavljen po randomiziranom rasporedu sa tri ponavljanja u sudove zapremine 5 litara, a setva je izvršena u mesecu maju. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da postoje razlike u pogledu ispitivanih zemljišta i primenjenih doza biouglja. Najbolji efekat je dobijen kada je biougalj primenjen na zemljište humoglej a najmanji uticaj primene biouglja je utvrđen na aluvijalnom zemljištu. Porast nadzemne mase kukuruza i soje bio je u značajnoj meri uslovljen dodavanjem različitih doza biouglja. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da dodavanje biouglja može značajno uticati na porast biljaka koji je posledica promene koje on izaziva u svojstvima zemljišta, ali da je neophodno nastaviti dalja ispitivanja kako bi se upotpunila dosadašnja saznanja. Utvrđeno je da su ispitivana svojstva kod soje ispoljila veću reakciju na primenu biouglja u odnosu na kukuruz

Study of the Impact of Technical Malfunctioning of Vital Vehicular Parts on Traffic Safety

The paper aims to present the results of study on how certain types of vehicles with malfunctioning technical parts affect traffic safety in the Republic of Serbia between 1997 and 2014. The following methods were used in the paper: statistical method, comparative method, analysis of frequency of defined traffic accident causes, Pearson linear correlation with a modelled algorithm for data processing. The technical malfunction of vehicles as a cause for accident occurrence has a share of 0,72% in the total number of accidents. The most common cause of accidents lies with malfunctioning lights or light-signalling devices on vehicles. The technical malfunction of vehicles has the highest value of 1,65% in accidents with fatalities and the biggest correlation between accidents at police district and accidents on national level is recorded with accidents in which only material damages were sustained. The research results can be used for comparison on regional level, so as for developing of the model of analysis of the causes of traffic accidents in Serbia and in the region

Effects of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol on biochemical parameters of swimming-induced oxidative stress in serum of guinea pigs

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol as well as combination of these vitamins with or without exposure to physical exercise on intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of xanthine oxidase, activity of total antioxidative system, concentration of glutathione, and activity of catalase in the serum of guinea pigs.Materials and Methods: The experimental measurements of intensity of lipid peroxidation, activity of xanthine oxidase, activity of total antioxidative system, concentration of glutathione, and activity of catalase were done in the serum of guinea pigs. The animals were exposed to the test load to achieve exhaustion and the test was terminated when the animal for the third time to sink into the water.Results: The results of this study demonstrated that endurance exercise of guinea pigs induced oxidative stress response in terms of increased lipid peroxidation and activity of xanthine oxidase in the serum of experimental animals. Our study investigated the antioxidant activity of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol also measuring three protective markers in the serum: total antioxidant activity, content of glutathione and activity of catalase. The results obtained show that the vitamins influence the concentrations of above mentioned biochemical parameters, which points out their protective effect of swimming-induced oxidative stress.Conclusion: Single or combined administration of L-ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol caused significant inhibition of these markers indicating the important antioxidant activity of the vitamins. Results lead to conclude that the combined treatments with vitamins with or without exposure to physical exercise showed the clear synergistic effect.Key words: L-ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol, guinea pigs, oxidative stress,  biochemical parameter

Accumulation of nickel in red clover

Red clover (Trifoilum pratense L.) is considered as one of the most important legumes, and today is the second most important, after alfalfa. Production of high-quality feed from red clover may be affected, among other things, the increased concentration of heavy metals in some agricultural areas, primarily due to anthropogenic influences. The aim of this study was to determine the level of nickel in red clover grown on soils with different content of nickel, in order to obtain information on safety of these nutrients. The examination was conducted on four types of soil: chernozem, vertisol, eutric cambisol and humofluvisol. Sampling of soil and plant material was carried out during May 2011, in the second year of red clover production. The total content of nickel in soil samples, at a depth 0.30 cm, was in the range 3.36-129.67 mg/kg. Maximum permitted level of nickel in soil is 50 mg/kg. The content of nickel in red clover was in the range 0,41- 6,87 mg/kg, which is below the critical and toxic concentrations to plants. It was concluded that the accumulation of heavy metals in plants did not depend only on the total content in soil, but also the affinity of the plant, and individual and interactive effects of various soil properties. It is necessary to further control of nickel in contaminated area, in order to prevent his entry into the food chain and provide safety food

Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Cytotoxic Activity of Different Extracts of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla Lichen from Stara Planina, Serbia

The aim of this study was to identify some of the secondary metabolites present in acetonic, methanolic, and hexanic extracts of lichen Xanthoparmelia stenophylla and to examine their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activity. Compounds of the depsid structure of lecanoric acid, obtusic acid, and atranorin as well as usnic acid with a dibenzofuran structure were identified in the extracts by HPLC. The acetone extract was shown to have the highest total phenolic (167.03 ± 1.12 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (178.84 ± 0.93 mg QE/g) as well as the best antioxidant activity (DPPH IC50 = 81.22 ± 0.54). However, the antimicrobial and antibiofilm tests showed the best activity of hexanic extract, especially against strains of B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. aureus (MIC < 0.08, and 0.3125 mg/mL, respectively). Additionally, by using the MTT method, the acetonic extract was reported to exhibit a strong cytotoxic effect on the HeLa and HCT-116 cell lines, especially after 72 h (IC50 = 21.17 ± 1.85 and IC50 = 21.48 ± 3.55, respectively). The promising antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic effects of Xanthoparmelia stenophylla extracts shown in the current study should be further investigated in vivo and under clinical conditions

Uređenje zemljišta pri podizanju vinograda na primeru Mlavskog vinogradarskog rejona

Glavni cilj ove publikacije je da posluži kao vodič i priručnik svim proizvođačima za usvajanje planskog pristupa pri podizanju vinograda sa aspekta uređenja zemljišta. Obrađeni materijal u drugom delu ove publikacije, iznet je na osnovu sprovedenih opsežnih terenskih, pedoloških i laboratorijskih istraživanja, koja su obuhvatila četiri lokacije vinogradarskog rejona Mlava. 1. Planski pristup pri podizanju vinograda 2. Regulacioni radovi 3. Meliorativne mere đubrenja uz rigolovanje, popravka fizičkih osobina zemljišta i kalcizacija 4. Ostali aspekti pri zasnivanju vinograda 5. Primenjene metode istraživanja 6. Tipovi zemljišta 7. Fizička i vodno-fizička svojstva zemljišta 8. Plodnost, kalcizacija i preporuka za đubrenje 9. Sadržaj opasnih i štetnih materija 10. Mikrobiološka svojstva zemljišta Prilog: Uputstvo za uzorkovanje zemljišta pod vinogradima Prilog: Pedološka karta sa granicama Mlavskog vinogradarskog rejona i vinogorj

Uređenje zemljišta pri podizanju vinograda na primeru vinogradarskog rejona Vranje

Ova publikacija predstavlja svojevrsno reizdanje prethodne publikacije na temu uređenja zemljišta pri podizanju vinograda, a koja je urađena na primeru Mlavskog vinogradarskog rejona. Publikacija je nastala sa željom da se istakne važnost svih potrebnih mera uređenja zemljišta uz planski pristup pri zasnivanju vinograda široj publici i na osnovu velikog interesovanja proizvođača za prethodno izdanje. Prvi deo publikacije sadrži opis svih potrebnih mera uz dopunjen i poboljšan, sistematizovani pristup. Prikazani konkretni rezultati u drugom delu publikacije su rezultat opsežnih istraživanja u okviru Projekta pod nazivom: „Uređenje poljoprivrednog zemljišta pri zasnivanju vinograda u Vranjskom rejonu“

Organic soybean: ECOBREED partner contribution

One of the goals of the ECOBREED work package SOYBEAN was to develop soybean genotypes with improved agronomic performance and to offer know-how for cultivation practices tailor-made for low input and organic systems. During the project lifetime, the focus of activities was on henotyping for biotic (weed, pest, diseases) and abiotic (drought and chilling stress) stress tolerance screening, as well as crop and nutritive quality and N fixation efficiency. A marker-assisted selection programme was established to identify genes/QTL of particular importance for organic soybean varieties. In addition, an assessment of the effects of cover crops and inoculation in the process of soybean seed multiplication was performed. Creating and selecting new soybean lines suitable for organic production was a key priority. After the first half of the project and the conduction of different trials and identification of useful traits, cross composite populations (CCPs) and soybean lines were available for further field testing. Chosen soybean lines went through the registration trials (2021-2022) to evaluate their performance and adaptability. The first ECOBREED soybean variety was registered by IFVCNS. NS ECOB is the variety with high protein content (00 maturity group) specifically selected for organic and low input production requirements