Defect detection using weakly supervised learning

In many real-world scenarios, obtaining large amounts of labeled data can be a daunting task. Weakly supervised learning techniques have gained significant attention in recent years as an alternative to traditional supervised learning, as they enable training models using only a limited amount of labeled data. In this paper, the performance of a weakly supervised classifier to its fully supervised counterpart is compared on the task of defect detection. Experiments are conducted on a dataset of images containing defects, and evaluate the two classifiers based on their accuracy, precision, and recall. Our results show that the weakly supervised classifier achieves comparable performance to the supervised classifier, while requiring significantly less labeled data

Cost-Utility study for operative methods in spinal surgery

AIM: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of patients with spinal problems before and after surgery with the use of the EQ-5D-5L health status questionnaire. MATERIALS - METHODS: The research is based on primary data collection of 314 patients who completed the questionnaires at three different times: a) preoperatively; that is, after completion of conservative treatment which involved medication, physiotherapy, etc., b) ten days postoperatively and c) immediately after the first post-operative month. RESULTS: Out of the 314 patients, aged between 34 and 79 years (mean age 52±15,07) who participated in this study, 172 were males (54,8%) and 142 females (45,2%). 77,71% of the patients suffered from a herniated intervertebral disc and 22,29% from spondylolisthesis in the lumbar region. Total improvement of the quality of life (QoL) in our study was on average 0,59 QALYs at 10 days and 0,82 QALYs at 30 days. The total average direct cost of these surgical interventions amounted to 9341,86±4042,53 euro while the index of cost-utility for the sample population was estimated to be 15870,16 euro/ QALY at 10 days. This index decreased considerably to 11867,14 euro/ QALY at 30 days after the surgical intervention since the average benefit in QALYs increased and the QoL improved. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of the data of this study was highlighted the high degree of effectiveness of each surgery applied to treat the symptomatology of patients . All the statistical tests applied to the sample showed a very significant improvement of all variables used by the questionnaire for all intervals evaluated after surgery. Lastly, there has also been a very large improvement in the overall QoL of patients

Ανάπτυξη μεθόδων σημασιολογικής χαρτογράφησης και ο ρόλος τους στη Ρομποτική

The dissertation in hand is structured as follows. In Chapter 1, the concept of the semantic perception/recognition of the robot exploration environment is presented andan extensive bibliographic review of the works related to this doctoral dissertation is recorded, in order to better interpret our contribution to science. Essentially, thepresentation of the research works related to the object of our study includes primarily unsupervised and supervised methodologies of the creation of semantic maps indoors.Then, approaches that implement the machine learning techniques to generate the semantic maps in urban environments, are cited. Finally, an important part of thechapter is devoted to approaches that achieve the self-localization of autonomous agent, applying probabilistic or deep learning techniques.In order to properly evaluate the proposed methods and compare their performance with corresponding state-of-the-art techniques, a wide range of operational environmentsis required. This set needs to include specific input data for the efficient implementation of our algorithms. Finally, the proposed system includes components that require alearning phase and thus, some of the selected operational examples were treated as training sets. The collection of publicly available datasets used throughout the experi-ments of this dissertation, as well as the selected performance metrics, are presented in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 contains the methods required to accurately create a semantic map ofthe environment investigated by an autonomous robot agent. The first part of the chapter presents an unsupervised semantic mapping technique using two methodsof detecting Louvain and Leiden communities). Our purpose is the creation of an unsupervised system to segment the robot’s path in different semantic regions. Then,each time the robot passes through the same area, it gets self-localized within one of the computed semantic communities by exclusively using visual information. Initially,the abovementioned algorithms are applied to the available visual datasets in indoor and outdoor environments. Specifically, the community detection algorithms are basedon the similarity measurement’s computation among the description vectors of the visual scenes. Therefore, the semantic interpretation of the robot’s course is achieved byapplying the above algorithms where semantically important properties of a particular environment are recognized with great tolerance to various lighting conditions. Hence, a topological map is created, which is improved through a Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering, incorporating information from a metric map. Finally, the map containsboth semantic and metric information. In the second part of this chapter, a novel system is proposed for the production of an improved semantic map that utilizes a groundscene reconstruction approach using computer vision and machine learning techniques. Focusing on the recognition and localization of objects/entities, the composed mapcombines semantic information from publicly available, yet of lower accuracy, satellite images, with more detailed data from ground-level camera measurements. This mergingis achieved by utilizing odometry information from a street-moving vehicle and the 3D reconstruction of its recorded view. Then, the 3D semantic segmentation results aregeoreferenced and superimposed on the semantic map from the satellite images. In such a way, areas that require fine semantic accuracy can be improved, while the rest areleft with the segmentation results of the satellite information. The overall approach is also evaluated in a case study of georeferencing new labels of traffic signs, which aredetected through a specifically designed classification network (CNN). Finally, in the third part, we propose a robust model for creating semantic communities in an urbandynamic environment based on the community detection algorithms presented in the first part of the chapter. Specifically, in each observed (urban) scene, semantic entitiesare identified, creating the corresponding descriptor in the form of an undirected graph. In this representation, nodes denote the centroid of each semantic entity, while the edgesare weighted based on the Euclidean distance between them. Also in this approach, the similarity matrix among the generated graph-descriptors is calculated, which constitutesthe inputs of Louvain or Leiden algorithms, creating semantic communities in an urban environment. In conclusion, in this chapter, our main goal was to develop and evaluatedifferent approaches/methods of semantic mapping in different environments through which the self-localization of an autonomous agent will be achieved.Semantic interpretation of regions or entities is increasingly attracting the attention of scholars, owing to its vast applicability in several disciplines. The ubiquitousnessof imaging sensors and satellite imagery data provide the means for implementing autonomous environment understanding with low computational cost. In this context,modern autonomous systems are capable to semantically recognize and separate entities from camera measurements, effectively interpreting and interacting with theirenvironment in a higher level. Extending this notion, the semantic representation of the surroundings is considered to be a fundamental property for robot self-localization,especially in the absence of any georeferencing signal. In Chapter 4, we present two robust algorithms to locate the position of an autonomous agent within a georeferencedmap. Initially, we develop a method inspired by particle filtering. Specifically, the proposed approach consists of i) a motion model of metric data from visual odom-etry, ii) an observation model of graph-based descriptors with semantic and metric information and iii) a re-sampling model, based on the stochastic universal sampling.The above components are evaluated under an extensive set of experiments revealing the robustness and accuracy of our final self-localization system. Then, we present arobust algorithm to locate the position of an autonomous vehicle within a georeferenced map using graph-based descriptors with semantic and metric information from both itsmemory and query measurements. In particular, an enhanced pre-recorded satellite map is processed to compute semantic memories, whilst ground-level query views are usedas a means for identifying similarities and extrapolate the location of a moving vehicle. This dissertation is concluded with Chapter 5. There, we offer a concluding discussion that summarizes our findings and mentions some limitations of our methods. Possible extensions of our work are also presented, which will direct our plans for future research. Our contribution to the science of semantic mapping is clear and proven through our list of publications. The proposed system is expected to have a particular impact on technology and society. Semantic maps are established as a crucial component in modern robotics for solving a multitude of problems. The present creation of thesemantic mapping and the accurate achievement of the robot localization was applied the indoors and the outdoors and its targeting is by nature in autonomous vehicles. In theshort term, the construction of such maps can contribute to a variety of applications such as a built-in application on mobile phones (smartphones), for easy and fast navigation ina new visited area or help people with visual or mobility problems. Also, the detection of semantic regions of a geographic area in addition to a metric map could enableunmanned aerial robots to complete their tasks, by pinpointing semantic information relevant to an emergency’s nature (i.e. vegetation in cases of fire, rivers, or dams incases of floods, etc.). Furthermore, with the growing adoption of Industry 4.0 in all aspects of technology, which means that each vehicle as a cyberphysical system shallconverse with other vehicles and other systems. Thus, the proposed maps are expected to promote vehicles’ communication, contributing to the efficiency of transportation.Finally, their contribution to logistics will be important for the same reasons with a particularly high impact on the economy and society. Generally, in any case, whereGNSS is not available, the current system can be used to provide full localization. As mentioned above, autonomous vehicles, logistics, deepwater exploration, search andrescue applications and military applications, are just a few examples of such fields that can benefit from our system.Η παρούσα διατριβή είναι δομημένη με τον παραkάτω τρόπο. Στο Κεφάλαιο 1, παρουσιάζεται η έννοια της σημασιολογιkής αντίληψησ-αναγνώρισης του πε-ριβάλοντος εξερεύνησης ενός ρομπότ kαι kαταγράφεται μια εkτενής βιβλιογραφιkή ανασkόπηση των εργασιών που σχετίζονται με την παρούσα διδαkτοριkήδιατριβή, με σkοπό την kαλύτερη ερμηνεία της συνεισφοράς μας στην επιστήμη. Ουσιαστιkά, η παρουσίαση των ερευνητιkών εργασιών που σχετίζονται με το αντι-kείμενο μελέτης μας, περιλαμβάνει πρωτίστως μεθοδολογίες με kαι χωρίς επίβλεψη δημιουργίας σημασιολογιkών χαρτών σε εσωτεριkούς χώρους. Στην συνέχεια,kαταγράφονται οι εργασίες που εφαρμόζουν τεχνιkές μηχανιkής μάθησης για την δημιουργία σημασιολογιkών χαρτών σε αστιkά περιβάλλοντα. Τέλος, αφιερώ-νεται ένα μεγάλο μέρος του kεφαλαίου για τις προσεγγίσεις που επετυγχάνουν τον αυτο-εντοπισμό του αυτόνομου πράkτορα, εφαρμόζοντας πιθανοkρατιkές ήβαθιάς μάθησης τεχνιkές. Με σkοπό την ορθή αξιολόγηση των προτεινόμενων μεθόδων kαι τη σύγkριση της επίδοσής τους με αντίστοιχες τεχνιkές αιχμής, απαιτείται μία ευρεία συλλογήπεριβαλλόντων λειτουργίας. Το σύνολο αυτό χρειάζεται να περιλαμβάνει συγkεkριμένα δεδομένα εισόδου για την ομαλή λειτουργία των αλγορίθμων μας. Τέλος,το προτεινόμενο σύστημα περιλαμβάνει επιμέρους στοιχεία, που απαιτούν μία διαδιkασία εkπαίδευσης kαι επομένως, μεριkά παραδείγματα λειτουργίας χρη-σιμοποιήθηkαν ως σύνολα εkμάθησης. Η συλλογή από δημοσίως διαθέσιμων συνόλων δεδομένων που χρησιμοποιήθηkαν σε όλη την έkταση των πειραμάτωναυτής της διατριβής, όπως επίσης kαι οι επιλεγμένες μετριkές απόδοσης, παρουσιάζονται στο Κεφάλαιο 2. Το Κεφάλαιο 3 περιλαμβάνει τις μεθόδους που απαιτούνται για την αkριβήδημιουργία σημασιολογιkού χάρτη του περιβάλλοντος που ερευνάται από ενα αυτόνομο πράkτορα-ρομπότ. Στο πρώτο μέρος του Κεφαλαίου παρουσιαζεταιμια μη-εποπτευόμενη τεχνιkή σημασιολογιkής χαρτογράφησης εφαρμόζοντας δύο μεθόδους ανίχνευσης kοινοτήτων (Louvain kαι Leiden). Στόχος μας είναι ναπαράγουμε ένα μη εποπτευόμενο σύστημα για τμηματοποίηση της τροχιάς του ρομπότ σε διαφορετιkές σημασιολογιkές περιοχές. Στη συνέχεια, kάθε φοράπου το ρομπότ περνά από την ίδια περιοχή, μπορεί να επιτευχθεί ο εντοπισμός του σε ένα από τα σημασιολογιkά τμήματα χρησιμοποιώντας αποkλειστιkά ο-πτιkές πληροφορίες. Αρχιkά οι αλγόριθμοί αυτοί εφαρμόζονται σε σύνολα οπτιkών δεδομένων σε εσωτεριkά kαι εξωτεριkά περιβάλλοντα. Συγkεkριμένα οι αλγοριθμοι ανιχνευσης kοινοτήτων βασίζονται στον υπολογισμό της μέτρησης ομοιότητας μεταξύ των διανυσμάτων περιγραφής των οπτιkών σkηνών. Ως εkτούτο, η σημασιολογιkή ερμηνεία της πορείας του ρομπότ επιτυγχάνεται εφαρμόζοντας τους παραπάνω αλγορίθμους όπου σημασιολογιkά σημαντιkές ιδιότητεςενός συγkεkριμένου περιβάλλοντος αναγνωρίζονται με μεγάλη ανοχή σε διάφορες συνθήkες φωτισμού. Επομένως δημιουργείται ένας τοπολογιkός χάρτης, οοποιος βελτιώνεται μέσω μιας ιεραρχιkής μεθόδου συσσωματωμάτων συμπλέγματος (Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering), ενσωματώνοντας πληροφορίες ενόςμετριkού χάρτη. Σε τελιkό στάδιο, ο χάρτης περιέχει τόσο σημασιολογιkές όσο kαι μετριkές πληροφορίες. Στο δευτερο μέρος του Κεφαλαιου προτείνεται ένα νέοσύστημα για την παραγωγή ενός βελτιωμένου σημασιολογιkού χάρτη που αξιοποιεί μια προσέγγιση ανοιkοδόμησης σkηνών εδάφους χρησιμοποιώντας τεχνιkέςόρασης υπολογιστή kαι μηχανιkής μάθησης. Εστιάζοντας στην αναγνώριση kαι τον εντοπισμό οντοτήτων, ο σύνθετος χάρτης συνδυάζει σημασιολογιkές πληρο-φορίες από δορυφοριkές ειkόνες kαι από μετρήσεις kάμερας επιπέδου εδάφους. Αυτή η συγχώνευση επιτυγχάνεται με τη χρήση πληροφοριών οδομετρίας απόένα kινούμενο όχημα kαι την τρισδιάστατη αναkατασkευή της εγγεγραμμένης προβολής του. Στη συνέχεια, τα αποτελέσματα τρισδιάστατης σημασιολογιkήςτμηματοποίησης είναι γεωαναφερόμενα kαι τοποθετούνται στον δημιουργούμενο σημασιολογιkό χάρτη από δορυφοριkά οπτιkά δεδομένα. Με αυτόν τον τρόπο,οι περιοχές που απαιτούν σημασιολογιkή αkρίβεια μπορούν να βελτιωθούν με τις αναγνωρισμένες σημασιολογιkά οντότητες εδάφους, ενώ οι υπόλοιπες διατη-ρούν τα αποτελέσματα τμηματοποίησης των δορυφοριkών πληροφοριών. Επίσης η συνολιkή προσέγγιση αξιολογείται σε μια μελέτη περίπτωσης γεωναφερόμενωνπιναkίδων kυkλοφορίας, οι οποίες εντοπίζονται μέσω ενός ειδιkά σχεδιασμένου συνελιkτιkού νευρωνιkού διkτύου (CNN) . Τέλος, στο τρίτο μέρος του Κεφαλαίου,προτείνουμε ένα ισχυρό μοντέλο για τη δημιουργία σημασιολογιkών kοινοτήτων σε ένα αστιkό δυναμιkό περιβάλλον βάσει των αλγορίθμων ανίχνευσης kοινο-τήτων που παρουσιάζεται στο πρώτο μέρος του kεφαλαίου. Συγkεkριμένα, σε kάθε παρατηρούμενη (αστιkή) σkηνή αναγνωρίζονται σημασιολογιkές οντότητες,δημιουργώντας εντέλει τον αντίστοιχο περιγραφέα με τη μορφή μη kατευθυνόμενου γράφου. Στον προτεινόμενο περιγραφέα της οπτιkής σkηνής δηλώνεταιτο kέντρο μάζας kάθε σημασιολογιkής οντότητας, ενώ οι άkμές σταθμίζονται με βάση την Ευkλείδια απόσταση μεταξύ των αναγνωρισμένων οντοτήτων. Επίσης,σε αυτή την εφαρμογή υπολογίζεται ο πίναkας ομοιότητας μεταξυ των εν λόγω διανυσμάτων περιγραφής των ειkόνων της τροχιάς, ο οποίος εισάγεται είτε στοLouvain είτε στο Leiden, δημιουργώντας σημασιολογιkές kοινότητες στο αστιkό περιβάλλον εξερεύνησης του ρομπότ. Εν kαταkλείδι στο συγkεkριμένο kεφάλαιοο kύριος στόχος μας ήταν η ανάπτυξη kαι η αξιολόγηση διαφορετιkών προσεγγίσεων/μεθόδων σημασιολογιkής χαρτογράφησης σε διαφορετιkά περιβάλλονταμέσω της οποίας θα επιτευχθεί ο αυτο-εντοπισμός ενός αυτόνομου πράkτορα. Η σημασιολογιkή ερμηνεία περιοχών ή οντοτήτων προσελkύει ολοένα kαι πε-ρισσότερο την προσοχή των μελετητών, λόγω της τεράστιας εφαρμογής της σε διάφορους kλάδους. Η πανταχού παρουσία των αισθητήρων απειkόνισης kαιτων δεδομένων δορυφοριkών ειkόνων παρέχει τα kατάλληλα μέσα για την εφαρμογή αυτόνομης kατανόησης του περιβάλλοντος με μειωμένο kόστος. Σε αυτότο πλαίσιο, τα σύγχρονα αυτόνομα συστήματα είναι σε θέση να αναγνωρίζουν σημασιολογιkά kαι να διαχωρίζουν οντότητες από τις μετρήσεις της kάμερας, ερ-μηνεύοντας αποτελεσματιkά kαι αλληλεπιδρώντας με το περιβάλλον τους σε υψηλότερο επίπεδο. Επεkτείνοντας αυτήν την έννοια, η σημασιολογιkή αναπαράστα-ση του περιβάλλοντος θεωρείται θεμελιώδης ιδιότητα για τον (αυτο-)εντοπισμό του ρομπότ, ειδιkά ελλείψει οποιουδήποτε σήματος γεωαναφοράς. Στο Κεφάλαιο4, παρουσιάζουμε δύο ισχυρούς αλγόριθμους για τον εντοπισμό της θέσης ενός αυτόνομου πράkτορα μέσα σε έναν δημιουργούμενο χάρτη μνήμης. Αρχιkά, ανα-πτύσσουμε μια μέθοδο εμπνευσμένη από το φίλτρο σωματιδίων. Συγkεkριμένα, η προτεινόμενη προσέγγιση αποτελείται από i) ένα μοντέλο kίνησης μετριkών δε-δομένων από οπτιkή οδομετρία, ii) ένα μοντέλο παρατήρησης των περιγραφιkών παραμέτρων βάσει μη-kατευθυνόμενων γράφων με σημασιολογιkές kαι μετριkέςπληροφορίες kαι iii) ένα μοντέλο επαναδειγματοληψίας, βασισμένο στο στοχαστιkό kαθολιkό δείγμα. Τα παραπάνω στοιχεία αξιολογούνται σε ένα εkτεταμένοσύνολο πειραμάτων που αποkαλύπτουν την ανθεkτιkότητα kαι την αkρίβεια του τελιkού συστήματος αυτο-εντοπισμού. Στη συνέχεια, παρουσιάζουμε έναν επιπλέ-ον ισχυρό αλγόριθμο για τον εντοπισμό της θέσης ενός αυτόνομου οχήματος μέσα σε έναν χάρτη μνήμης χρησιμοποιώντας περιγραφείς των οπτιkών σkηνών βάσειγραφημάτων με σημασιολογιkές kαι μετριkές πληροφορίες τόσο από τον δημιουργούμενο χάρτη μνήμης όσο kαι από τις ληφθείσες μετρήσεις (query measurements).Συγkεkριμένα, ένας ενισχυμένος σημασιολογιkά με οντότητες εδάφους δορυφοριkός χάρτης υποβάλλεται σε επεξεργασία για τον υπολογισμό των σημασιολογιkώναναμνήσεων, ενώ οι νέες ληφθέντες (query ground-level) ειkόνες χρησιμοποιούνται ως μέσο για τον εντοπισμό ομοιότητας kαι της θέσης ενός kινούμενου οχήματος.Η παρούσα διατριβή ολοkληρώνεται με το Κεφάλαιο 5. Σε αυτό παρουσιάζουμε μία συμπερασματιkή συζήτηση που συγkεντρώνει τα ευρήματά μας kαιαναφέρει μεριkούς περιορισμούς των μεθόδων μας. Επιπλέον αναφέρονται πιθανές προεkτάσεις της μελέτης μας, οι οποίες θα kατευθύνουν τα σχέδιά μας γιαμελλοντιkή έρευνα. Η προσφορά μας στην επιστήμη της σημασιολογιkής χαρτογράφησης είναι ξεkάθαρη kαι αποδειkνύεται μέσω της λίστας των δημοσιεύσεών μας. Το προ-τεινόμενο σύστημα αναμένεται να έχει ιδιαίτερη απήχηση στην τεχνολογία kαι την kοινωνία. Οι σημασιολογιkοί χάρτες βρίσkουν ολοένα kαι μεγαλύτερη α-ναγνώριση ως εργαλείο στη σύγχρονη ρομποτιkή για την επίλυση σωρείας προβλημάτων. Η παρούσα εφαρμογή δηλαδή η σημασιολογιkή χαρτογραφηση kαι ηαkριβής επίτευξη του εντοπισμού ενός ρομπότ/οχήματος εφαρμόστηkε σε εσωτεριkό kαι σε εξωτεριkό χώρο, όπου η στόχευσή της είναι εk φύσεως σε αυτόνομαοχήματα. Βραχυπρόθεσμα, η kατασkευή τέτοιων χαρτών μπορεί να επιφέρει ποιkίλες εφαρμογές όπως μία ενσωματωμένη εφαρμογή σε kινητά τηλέφωνα(τύπου smartphone), για μια εύkολη kαι γρήγορη πλοήγηση σε μια νέα περιοχή ή για τη βοήθεια ατόμων που αντιμετωπίζουν προβλήματα όρασης ή kίνησης.Επίσης, η ανίχνευση σημασιολογιkών kοινοτήτων μιας γεωγραφιkής περιοχής εkτός από έναν μετριkό χάρτη θα μπορούσε να επιτρέψει στα μη επανδρωμέναεναέρια ρομπότ να ολοkληρώσουν τις εργασίες τους, επισημαίνοντας σημασιολογιkές πληροφορίες που σχετίζονται με τη φύση μιας έkταkτης ανάγkης (π.χ.βλάστηση σε περιπτώσεις πυρkαγιάς, ποταμών ή φραγμάτων σε περιπτώσεις πλημμυρών, k.λπ.). Ωστόσο, με την ολοένα kαι μεγαλύτερη υιοθέτηση της φιλο-σοφίας του Industry 4.0 σε όλες τις εkφάνσεις της τεχνολογίας, που σημαίνει ότι το kάθε όχημα ως kυβερνοφυσιkό σύστημα θα συνομιλεί με άλλα οχήματα kαι άλλασυστήματα, οι προτεινόμενοι χάρτες αναμένεται να προωθήσουν λύσεις σε θέματα επιkοινωνίας οχήματος - επιβάτη, να βοηθήσουν στην πλοήγηση του οχήματος, νασυμβάλουν στην αποτελεσματιkότητα των συγkοινωνιών kλπ. Επιπλέον, σημαντιkή θα είναι η συνεισφορά τους σε θέματα εφοδιαστιkής για τους ίδιους λόγουςμε ιδιαίτερα μεγάλη απήχηση στην οιkονομία kαι την kοινωνία. Γενιkά, σε kάθε περίπτωση, όπου τα γεωαναφερόμενα δεδομένα δεν είναι διαθέσιμα, το τρέχονσύστημα μπορεί να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την παροχή πλήρους εντοπισμού. ́Οπως προαναφέρθηkε, τα αυτόνομα οχήματα, η εφοδιαστιkή, η εξερεύνηση υδάτων,οι εφαρμογές αναζήτησης kαι διάσωσης kαι οι στρατιωτιkές εφαρμογές, είναι μόνο μεριkά παραδείγματα τέτοιων πεδίων που μπορούν να επωφεληθούν απότο σύστημά μας

Sustainable Crop Protection via Robotics and Artificial Intelligence Solutions

Agriculture 5.0 refers to the next phase of agricultural development, building upon the previous digital revolution in the agrarian sector and aiming to transform the agricultural industry to be smarter, more effective, and ecologically conscious. Farming processes have already started becoming more efficient due to the development of digital technologies, including big data, artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and virtual and augmented reality. Farmers can make the most of the resources at their disposal thanks to this data-driven approach, allowing them to effectively cultivate and sustain crops on arable land. The European Union (EU) aims to make food systems fair, healthy, and environmentally sustainable through the Green Deal and its farm-to-fork, soil, and biodiversity strategies, zero pollution action plan, and upcoming sustainable use of pesticides regulation. Many of the historical synthetic pesticides are not currently registered in the EU market. In addition, the continuous use of a limited number of active ingredients with the same mode of action scales up pests/pathogens/weed resistance potential. Increasing plant protection challenges as well as having fewer chemical pesticides to apply require innovation and smart solutions for crop production. Biopesticides tend to pose fewer risks to human health and the environment, their efficacy depends on various factors that cannot be controlled through traditional application strategies. This paper aims to disclose the contribution of robotic systems in Agriculture 5.0 ecosystems, highlighting both the challenges and limitations of this technology. Specifically, this work documents current threats to agriculture (climate change, invasive pests, diseases, and costs) and how robotics and AI can act as countermeasures to deal with such threats. Finally, specific case studies and the application of intelligent robotic systems to them are analyzed, and the architecture for our intelligent decision system is proposed

Embedded light-weight approach for safe landing in populated areas

Landing safety is a challenge heavily engaging the research community recently, due to the increasing interest in applications availed by aerial vehicles. In this paper, we propose a landing safety pipeline based on state of the art object detectors and OctoMap. First, a point cloud of surface obstacles is generated, which is then inserted in an OctoMap. The unoccupied areas are identified, thus resulting to a list of safe landing points. Due to the low inference time achieved by state of the art object detectors and the efficient point cloud manipulation using OctoMap, it is feasible for our approach to deploy on low-weight embedded systems. The proposed pipeline has been evaluated in many simulation scenarios, varying in people density, number, and movement. Simulations were executed with an Nvidia Jetson Nano in the loop to confirm the pipeline's performance and robustness in a low computing power hardware. The experiments yielded promising results with a 95% success rate.Comment: outdated research ite

Cost-Utility study for operative methods in spinal surgery

AIM: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of patients with spinal problems before and after surgery with the use of the EQ-5D-5L health status questionnaire. MATERIALS - METHODS: The research is based on primary data collection of 314 patients who completed the questionnaires at three different times: a) preoperatively; that is, after completion of conservative treatment which involved medication, physiotherapy, etc., b) ten days postoperatively and c) immediately after the first post-operative month. RESULTS: Out of the 314 patients, aged between 34 and 79 years (mean age 52±15,07) who participated in this study, 172 were males (54,8%) and 142 females (45,2%). 77,71% of the patients suffered from a herniated intervertebral disc and 22,29% from spondylolisthesis in the lumbar region. Total improvement of the quality of life (QoL) in our study was on average 0,59 QALYs at 10 days and 0,82 QALYs at 30 days. The total average direct cost of these surgical interventions amounted to 9341,86±4042,53 euro while the index of cost-utility for the sample population was estimated to be 15870,16 euro/ QALY at 10 days. This index decreased considerably to 11867,14 euro/ QALY at 30 days after the surgical intervention since the average benefit in QALYs increased and the QoL improved. CONCLUSIONS: The evaluation of the data of this study was highlighted the high degree of effectiveness of each surgery applied to treat the symptomatology of patients . All the statistical tests applied to the sample showed a very significant improvement of all variables used by the questionnaire for all intervals evaluated after surgery. Lastly, there has also been a very large improvement in the overall QoL of patients

A Viewpoint on the Challenges and Solutions for Driverless Last-Mile Delivery

The occurring growth in e-commerce comes along with an increasing number of first-time delivery failures due to the customer’s absence at the delivery location. Failed deliveries result in rework, causing a significant impact on the carriers’ delivery cost. Hence, the last mile is the portion of a journey that involves moving people and commodities from a transportation hub to a final destination, which should be an efficient process. The above-mentioned concept is used in supply chain management and transportation planning. The paper at hand is a position paper that aims to scrutinize the concept of driverless last-mile delivery, with autonomous vehicles, in order to highlight and stress the challenges and limitations in the existing technology that hinder level five autonomous driving. Specifically, this work documents the current capabilities of the existing autonomous vehicles’ perception and cognition system and outlines their future skills towards addressing complete autonomous last-mile delivery, as well as efficient robotic process automation in logistics from warehouse/distribution center to hub’s delivery

4Th Pediatric Allergy And Asthma Meeting (Paam)

WORKSHOP 4: Challenging clinical scenarios (CS01–CS06), CS01 Bullous lesions in two children: solitary mastocytoma, S. Tolga Yavuz, Ozan Koc, Ali Gungor, Faysal Gok, CS02 Multi-System Allergy (MSA) of cystic fibrosis: our institutional experience, Jessica Hawley, Christopher O’Brien, Matthew Thomas, Malcolm Brodlie, Louise Michaelis, CS03 Cold urticaria in pediatric age: an invisible cause for severe reactions, Inês Mota, Ângela Gaspar, Susana Piedade, Graça Sampaio, José Geraldo Dias, Miguel Paiva, Mário Morais-Almeida, CS04 Angioedema with C1 inhibitor deficiency in a girl: a challenge diagnosis, Cristina Madureira, Tânia Lopes, Susana Lopes, Filipa Almeida, Alexandra Sequeira, Fernanda Carvalho, José Oliveira, CS05 A child with unusual multiple organ allergy disease: what is the primer?, Fabienne Gay-Crosier, CS06 A case of uncontrolled asthma in a 6-year-old patient, Ioana-Valentina Nenciu, Andreia Florina Nita, Alexandru Ulmeanu, Dumitru Oraseanu, Carmen Zapucioiu, ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 1: Food allergy (OP01–OP06), OP01 Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: oral food challenge outcomes for tolerance evaluation in a Pediatric Hospital, Adrianna Machinena, Olga Domínguez Sánchez, Montserrat Alvaro Lozano, Rosa Jimenez Feijoo, Jaime Lozano Blasco, Mònica Piquer Gibert, Mª Teresa Giner Muñoz, Marcia Dias da Costa, Ana Maria Plaza Martín, OP02 Characteristics of infants with food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome and allergic proctocolitis, Ebru Arik Yilmaz, Özlem Cavkaytar, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Ozge Soyer, Cansin Sackesen, OP03 The clinical and immunological outcomes after consumption of baked egg by 1–5 year old egg allergic children: results of a randomised controlled trial, MerrynNetting, Adaweyah El-Merhibi, Michael Gold, PatrickQuinn, IrmeliPenttila, Maria Makrides, OP04 Oral immunotherapy for treatment of egg allergy using low allergenic, hydrolysed egg, Stavroula Giavi, Antonella Muraro, Roger Lauener, Annick Mercenier, Eugen Bersuch, Isabella M. Montagner, Maria Passioti, Nicolò Celegato, Selina Summermatter, Sophie Nutten, Tristan Bourdeau, Yvonne M. Vissers, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, OP05 Chemical modification of a peanut extract results in an increased safety profile while maintaining efficacy, Hanneke van der Kleij, Hans Warmenhoven, Ronald van Ree, Raymond Pieters, Dirk Jan Opstelten, Hans van Schijndel, Joost Smit, OP06 Administration of the yellow fever vaccine in egg allergic children, Roisin Fitzsimons, Victoria Timms, George Du Toit, ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 2: Asthma (OP07–OP12), OP07 Previous exacerbation is the most important risk factor for future exacerbations in school-age children with asthma, S. Tolga Yavuz, Guven Kaya, Mustafa Gulec, Mehmet Saldir, Osman Sener, Faysal Gok, OP08 Comparative study of degree of severity and laboratory changes between asthmatic children using different acupuncture modalities, Nagwa Hassan, Hala Shaaban, Hazem El-Hariri, Ahmed Kamel Inas E. Mahfouz, OP09 The concentration of exhaled carbon monoxide in asthmatic children with different controlled stadium, Papp Gabor, Biro Gabor, Kovacs Csaba, OP10 Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation during pregnancy on risk of persistent wheeze in the offspring: a randomised clinical trial, Bo Chawes, Klaus Bønnelykke, Jakob Stokholm, Lene Heickendorff, Susanne Brix, Morten Rasmussen, Hans Bisgaard, OP11 Lung function development in childhood, Henrik Wegener Hallas, Bo Chawes, Lambang Arianto, Hans Bisgaard, OP12 Is the effect of maternal and paternal asthma different in female and male children before puberty?, Maike Pincus, Thomas Keil, Andreas Reich, Ulrich Wahn, Susanne Lau, Linus Grabenhenrich, ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 3: Epidemiology—genetics (OP13–OP18), OP13 Lifestyle is associated with incidence and category of allergen sensitisation: the ALADDIN birth cohort, Sara Fagerstedt, Helena Marell Hesla, Emelie Johansson, Helen Rosenlund, Axel Mie, Annika Scheynius, Johan Alm, OP15 Maternal filaggrin mutations increase the risk of atopic dermatitis in children: an effect independent of mutation inheritance, Jorge Esparza-Gordillo, Anja Matanovic, Ingo Marenholz, Anja Bauerfeind, Klaus Rohde, Katja Nemat, Min-Ae Lee-Kirsch, Magnus Nordenskjöld, Marten C. G. Winge, Thomas Keil, Renate Krüger, Susanne Lau, Kirsten Beyer, Birgit Kalb, Bodo Niggemann, Norbert Hübner, Heather J. Cordell, Maria Bradley, Young-Ae Lee, OP16 Allergic multimorbidity of asthma, rhinitis and eczema in the first 2 decades of the German MAS birth cohort, Thomas Keil, Hannah Gough, Linus Grabenhenrich, Dirk Schramm, Andreas Reich, John Beschorner, Antje Schuster, Carl-Peter Bauer, Johannes Forster, Fred Zepp, Young-Ae Lee, Renate Bergmann, Karl Bergmann, Ulrich Wahn, Susanne Lau, OP17 Childhood anaphylaxis: a growing concern, Filipe Benito Garcia, Inês Mota, Susana Piedade, Ângela Gaspar, Natacha Santos, Helena Pité, Mário Morais-Almeida, OP18 Indoor exposure to molds and dampness in infancy and its association to persistent atopic dermatitis in school age. Results from the Greek ISAAC II study, Athina Papadopoulou, Despina Mermiri, Elpida Xatziagorou, Ioannis Tsanakas, Stavroula Lampidi, Kostas Priftis, ORAL ABSTRACT SESSION 4: Pediatric rhinitis—immunotherapy (OP19–OP24), OP19 Associations between residential greenness and childhood allergic rhinitis and aeroallergen sensitisation in seven birth cohorts, Elaine Fuertes, Iana Markevych, Gayan Bowatte, Olena Gruzieva, Ulrike Gehring, Allan Becker, Dietrich Berdel, Michael Brauer, Chris Carlsten, Barbara Hoffmann, Anita Kozyrskyj, Caroline Lodge, Göran Pershagen, Alet Wijga, Heinrich Joachim, OP20 Full symptom control in pediatric patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma: results of a 2-year sublingual allergen immunotherapy study, Zorica Zivkovic, Ivana Djuric-Filipovic, Jasmina Jocić-Stevanovic, Snežana Zivanovic, OP21 Nasal epithelium of different ages of atopic subjects present increased levels of oxidative stress and increased cell cytotoxicity upon rhinovirus infection, Styliani Taka, Dimitra Kokkinou, Aliki Papakonstantinou, Panagiota Stefanopoulou, Anastasia Georgountzou, Paraskevi Maggina, Sofia Stamataki, Vassiliki Papaevanggelou, Evangelos Andreakos, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, OP22 Cluster subcutaneous immunotherapy schedule: tolerability profile in children, Monica Piquer Gibert, Montserrat Alvaro Lozano, Jaime Lozano Blasco, Olga Domínguez Sánchez, Rosa Jiménez Feijoo, Marcia Dias da Costa, Mª Teresa Giner Muñoz, Adriana Machinena Spera, Ana Maria Plaza Martín, OP23 Rhinitis as a risk factor for asthma severity in 11-year old children: population-based cohort study, Matea Deliu, Danielle Belgrave, Angela Simpson, Adnan Custovic, OP24 The Global Lung Function Initiative equations in airway obstruction evaluation of asthmatic children, João Gaspar Marques, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, Joana Belo, Sara Serranho, Isabel Peralta, Nuno Neuparth, Paula Leiria-Pinto, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 1: Food allergy (PD01–PD05), PD01 Allergen-specific humoral and cellular responses in children who fail egg oral immunotherapy due to allergic reactions, Marta Vazquez-Ortiz, Mariona Pascal, Ana Maria Plaza, Manel Juan, PD02 FoxP3 epigenetic features in children with cow milk allergy, Lorella Paparo, Rita Nocerino, Rosita Aitoro, Ilaria Langella, Antonio Amoroso, Alessia Amoroso, Carmen Di Scala, Roberto Berni Canani, PD04 Combined milk and egg allergy in early childhood: let them eat cake?, Santanu Maity, Giuseppina Rotiroti, Minal Gandhi, PD05 Introduction of complementary foods in relation to allergy and gut microbiota in farm and non-farm children, Karin Jonsson, Annika Ljung, Bill Hesselmar, Ingegerd Adlerbert, Hilde Brekke, Susanne Johansen, Agnes Wold, Ann-Sofie Sandberg, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 2: Asthma and wheeze (PD06–PD16), PD06 The association between asthma and exhaled nitric oxide is influenced by genetics and sensitisation, Björn Nordlund, Cecilia Lundholm, Villhelmina Ullemar, Marianne van Hage, Anne Örtqvist, Catarina Almqvist, PD09 Prevalence patterns of infant wheeze across Europe, Anna Selby, Kate Grimshaw, Thomas Keil, Linus Grabenhenrich, Michael Clausen, Ruta Dubakiene, Alessandro Fiocchi, Marek Kowalski, Nikos Papadopoulos, Marta Reche, Sigurveig Sigurdardottir, Aline Sprikkleman, Paraskevi Xepapadaki, Clare Mills, Kirsten Beyer, Graham Roberts, PD10 Epidemiologic changes in recurrent wheezing infants, Herberto Jose Chong Neto, Gustavo Falbo Wandalsen, Ana Carolina Dela Bianca, Carolina Aranda, Nelson Augusto Rosário, Dirceu Solé, Javier Mallol, Luis García Marcos, PD13 A single nucleotide polymorphism in the GLCCI1 gene is associated with response to asthma treatment in children, IvanaBanic, Matija Rijavec, Davor Plavec, Peter Korosec, Mirjana Turkalj, PD14 Pollen induced asthma: Could small molecules in pollen exacerbate the protein-mediated allergic response?, Alen Bozicevic, Maria De Mieri, Matthias Hamburger, PD15 A qualitative study to understand how we can empower teenagers to better self-manage their asthma, Simone Holley, Ruth Morris, Frances Mitchell, Rebecca Knibb, Susan Latter, Christina Liossi, Graham Roberts, PD16 Polymorphism of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene among Egyptian children with bronchial asthma, Mostafa M. M. Hassan, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 3: Mechanisms—Epidemiology (PD17–PD21), PD17 Pregnancy outcomes in relation to development of allergy in a Swedish birth cohort, Malin Barman, Anna Sandin, Agnes Wold, Ann-Sofie Sandberg, PD18 Evolution of the IgE response to house dust mite molecules in childhood, Daniela Posa, Serena Perna, Carl-Peter Bauer, Ute Hoffmann, Johannes Forster, Fred Zepp, Antje Schuster, Ulrich Wahn, Thomas Keil, Susanne Lau, Kuan-Wei Chen, Yvonne Resch, Susanne Vrtala, Rudolf Valenta, Paolo Maria Matricardi, PD19 Antibody recognition of nsLTP-molecules as antigens but not as allergens in the German-MAS birth cohort, Olympia Tsilochristou, Alexander Rohrbach, Antonio Cappella, Stephanie Hofmaier, Laura Hatzler, Carl-Peter Bauer, Ute Hoffmann, Johannes Forster, Fred Zepp, Antje Schuster, RaffaeleD’Amelio, Ulrich Wahn, Thomas Keil, Susanne Lau, Paolo Maria Matricardi, PD20 Early life colonization with Lactobacilli and Staphylococcus aureus oppositely associates with the maturation and activation of FOXP3+ CD4 T-cells, Sophia Björkander, Maria A. Johansson, Gintare Lasaviciute, Eva Sverremark-Ekström, PD21 Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 7 susceptibility loci involved in the atopic march, Ingo Marenholz, Jorge Esparza-Gordillo, Franz Rüschendorf, Anja Bauerfeind, David P. Strachan, Ben D. Spycher, Hansjörg Baurecht, Patricia Margaritte-Jeannin, Annika Sääf, Marjan Kerkhof, Markus Ege, Svetlana Baltic, Melanie C Matheson, Jin Li, Sven Michel, Wei Q. Ang, Wendy McArdle, Andreas Arnold, Georg Homuth, Florence Demenais, Emmanuelle Bouzigon, Cilla Söderhäll, Göran Pershagen, Johan C. de Jongste, Dirkje S Postma, Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer, Elisabeth Horak, Ludmila M. Ogorodova, Valery P. Puzyrev, Elena Yu Bragina, Thomas J Hudson, Charles Morin, David L Duffy, Guy B Marks, Colin F Robertson, Grant W Montgomery, Bill Musk, Philip J Thompson, Nicholas G. Martin, Alan James, Patrick Sleiman, Elina Toskala, Elke Rodriguez, Regina Fölster-Holst, Andre Franke, Wolfgang Lieb, Christian Gieger, Andrea Heinzmann, Ernst Rietschel, Thomas Keil, Sven Cichon, Markus M Nöthen, Craig E Pennell, Peter D Sly, Carsten O Schmidt, Anja Matanovic, Valentin Schneider, Matthias Heinig, Norbert Hübner, Patrick G. Holt, Susanne Lau, Michael Kabesch, Stefan Weidinger, Hakon Hakonarson, Manuel AR Ferreira, Catherine Laprise, Maxim B. Freidin, Jon Genuneit, Gerard H Koppelman, Erik Melén, Marie-Hélène Dizier, A. John Henderson, Young Ae Lee, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 4: Food allergy—Anaphylaxis (PD22–PD26), PD22 Atopy patch test in food protein induced enterocolitis caused by solid food, Purificacion González-Delgado, Esther Caparrós, Fernando Clemente, Begoña Cueva, Victoria M. Moreno, Jose Luis Carretero, Javier Fernández, PD23 Watermelon allergy: a novel presentation, Kate Swan, George Du Toit, PD24 A pilot study evaluating the usefulness of a guideline template for managing milk allergy in primary care, Mudiyur Gopi, Tim Smith, Edara Ramesh, Arun Sadasivam, PD26 Efficacy and safety of cow’s milk oral immunotherapy protocol, Inês Mota, Filipe Benito Garcia, Susana Piedade, Angela Gaspar, Graça Sampaio, Cristina Arêde, Luís Miguel Borrego, Graça Pires, Cristina Santa-Marta, Mário Morais-Almeida, POSTER DISCUSSION SESSION 5: Prevention and treatment—Allergy (PD27–PD36), PD27 Allergy-protection by the lactic acid bacterium Lactococcus lactis G121: mode-of-action as revealed in a murine model of experimental allergy, Stephanie Brand, Karina Stein, Holger Heine, Marion Kauth, PD29 The relationship between quality of life and morning salivary cortisol after acute bronchiolitis in infancy, Leif Bjarte Rolfsjord, Egil Bakkeheim, Johan Alm, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Jon Olav Hunderi, Teresa Løvold Berents, Petter Mowinckel, Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, PD30 Randomised trial of the efficacy of MP29-02* compared with fluticasone propionate nasal spray in children aged ≥6 years to <12 years with allergic rhinitis, Ulrich Wahn, Ullrich Munzel, William Berger, PD31 10 mg of oral bilastine in 2 to 11 years old children has similar exposure to the adult therapeutic dose (20 mg), Ulrich Wahn, Román Valiente, Valvanera Vozmediano, John C. Lukas, Mónica Rodríguez, PD33 Daily symptoms, nocturnal symptoms, activity limitations and reliever therapies during the three steps of IOEASMA programme: a comparison, Sebastiano Guarnaccia, Luigi Vitale, Ada Pluda, Emanuele D’Agata, Denise Colombo, Stefano Felici, Valeria Gretter, Susanna Facchetti, Gaia Pecorelli, Cristina Quecchia, PD34 Sensitisation to an inert aeroallergen in weaning rats and longstanding disease, in a sensitisation-tolerant and easily tolerisable rodent strain, George Guibas, Evangelia Spandou, Spyridon Megremis, Peter West, Nikolaos Papadopoulos, PD35 Bacterial and fungi exposure in school and allergic sensitisation in children, João Cavaleiro Rufo, Joana Madureira, Inês Paciência, Lívia Aguiar, Patrícia Padrão, Mariana Pinto, Luís Delgado, Pedro Moreira, João Paulo Teixeira, Eduardo Oliveira Fernandes, André Moreira, PD36 Comparative study of allergy rhinitis between two populations: children vs. adults, Adriana Izquierdo Dominguez, Antonio Valero, Joaquim Mullol, Alfonso Del Cuvillo, Javier Montoro, Ignacio Jauregui, Joan Bartra, Ignacio Davila, Marta Ferrer, Joaquin Sastre, POSTER VIEWING SESSION 1: Inflammation—Genetics—Immunology—Dermatology (PP01–PP09), PP01 Immune profile in late pregnancy: immunological markers in atopic asthmaticwomen as risk factors for atopy in the progeny, Catarina Martins, Jorge Lima, Maria José Leandro, Glória Nunes, Jorge Cunha Branco, Hélder Trindade, Luis Miguel Borrego, PP02 The impact of neonatal sepsis on development of allergic diseases, Secil Conkar, Mehtap Kilic, Canan Aygun, Recep Sancak, PP03 Clinical overview of selective IgE deficiency in childhood, Athina Papadopoulou, Eleni Tagalaki, Lambros Banos, Anna Vlachou, Fotini Giannoula, Despina Mermiri, PP04 Inverse relationship between serum 25(ΟΗ) vitamin D3 and total IgE in children and adolescence, Athina Papadopoulou, Stavroula Lampidi, Marina Pavlakou, Maria Kryoni, Kostas Makris, PP05, PP06, PP07 Asthma control questionnaire and specific IgE in children, Snezhina Lazova, Guergana Petrova, Dimitrinka Miteva, Penka Perenovska, PP08 Features of chronic urticaria of adolescents, Aliya Klyucharova, Olesya Skorohodkina, PP09 Cutaneous mastocytosis in children: a clinical analysis of 8 cases in Greece, Dimitra Koumaki, Alkisti Manousaki, Maria Agrapidi, Lida Iatridou, Omima Eruk, Konstantinos Myridakis, Emmanouil Manousakis, Vasiliki Koumaki, POSTER VIEWING SESSION 2: Food allergy—Anaphylaxis (PP10–PP47), PP10 Prognostic factors in egg allergy, Maria Dimou, Maria Ingemansson, Gunilla Hedlin, PP11 Evaluation of the efficacy of an amino acid-based formula in infants who are intolerant to extensively hydrolysed protein formula, Nitida Pastor, Delphine de Boissieu, Jon Vanderhoof, Nancy Moore, Kaitlin Maditz, PP12 Anaphylaxis and epinephrine auto-injector use: a survey of pediatric trainees, Adeli Mehdi, Shaza Elhassan, Carolin Beck, Ahmed Al-Hammadi, PP13 Anaphylaxis in children: acute management in the Emergency Department, Ioana Maris, Ronan O’Sullivan, Jonathan Hourihane,, PP14 Understanding Cumbrian schools preparedness in managing children at risk of anaphylaxis in order to provide training and support which will create healthy and safe environments for children with allergies, George Raptis, Louise Michaelis, PP15 A new valid and reliable parent and child questionnaire to measure the impact of food protein enterocolitis syndrome on children: the FPIES Quality of Life Questionnaire (FPIESQL), Parent and Child Short Form, Audrey DunnGalvin, Matthew Greenhawt, Carina Venter, Jonathan Hourihane, PP16 An in-depth case study investigation of the experiences of teenagers and young adults in growing up and living with food allergy with emphasis on coping, management and risk, support, and social and self-identity, Evelyn O’Regan, Duncan Cronin, Jonathan Hourihane, Anna O’Reilly, Audrey DunnGalvin, PP17 Cow’s milk protein allergy in Constantine. A retrospective study of 62 cases between 1996 and 2013, Foued Abdelaziz, Dounia Khelifi-Touhami, Nihad Selim, Tahar Khelifi-Touhami, PP18, PP19 Cow’s milk and egg oral immunotherapy in children older than 5 years, Pablo Merida, Ana Mª Plaza, Juan Heber Castellanos, Adrianna Machinena, Montserrat Alvaro Lozano, Jaime Lozano, Olga Dominguez, Monica Piquer, Rosa Jimenez, Mª Teresa Giner, PP20 Professionals’ awareness of management of Cow’s Milk Protein Allergy (CMPA) in North Wales Hospitals, Konstantinos Kakleas, Manohar Joishy, Wendmu Maskele, Huw R. Jenkins, PP21, PP22 Anaphylaxis: the great unknown for teachers. Presentation of a protocol for schools, Mercedes Escarrer, Agustín Madroñero, Maria Teresa Guerra, Juan Carlos Julia, Juan Carlos Cerda, Javier Contreras, Eulalia Tauler, Maria Jesus Vidorreta, Ana Rojo, Silvia Del Valle, PP23 Challenges facing children with food allergies and their parents in out of school activity sectors, Niamh Flynn, PP24 A review of food challenges at a Regional Irish Centre, Gary Foley, Carol Harmon, John Fitzsimons, PP25 The use of epinephrine in infants with anaphylaxis, Krasimira Baynova, Ávila Maria Del Robledo, Labella Marina, PP26, PP27, PP28 Mother’s psychological state predicts the expression of symptoms in food allergic children, Aaron Cortes, Alicia Sciaraffia, Angela Castillo, PP29 The correlation between sIgE towards tree nuts and birch pollen in a Danish Pediatric Allergy Clinic, Nanna Juel-Berg, Kirsten Skamstrup Hansen, Lars Kærgaard Poulsen, PP30 Food allergy in children: evaluation of parents’ use of online social media, Andreia Florina Nita, Ioana Valentina Nenciu, Adina Lazar, Dumitru Oraseanu, PP31 The impact of food allergy on quality of life: FAQLQ questionnaire, Rita Aguiar, Anabela Lopes, Maria J. Paes, Amélia S. Santos, M. A. Pereira-Barbosa, PP32 An unexpected cause of anaphylaxis: potato, Hatice Eke Gungor, Salih Uytun, Umit Murat Sahiner, Yasemin Altuner Torun, PP33 Is it clinical phenotype of allergic diseases determined by sensitisation to food?, Mirjana Zivanovic, Marina Atanasković-Marković, PP34, PP35 Prescribing adrenaline auto-injectors in children in 2014: the data from regional pediatricians, Tina Vesel, Mihaela Nahtigal, Andreja Obermayer-Temlin, Eva Šoster Križnik, Mirjana Maslar, Ruben Bizjak, Marjeta Tomšič-Matic, Sonja Posega-Devetak, Maja Skerbinjek-Kavalar, Mateja Predalič, Tadej Avčin, PP36 Who should have an adrenaline autoinjector? Adherence to the European and French guidelines among 121 allergists from the Allergy Vigilance Network, Guillaume Pouessel, Etienne Beaudouin, Anne M. Moneret-Vautrin, Antoine Deschildre, Allergy Vigilance Network, PP37 Anaphylaxis by Anacardium Occidentale, Marta Viñas, Bartolomé Borja, Nora Hernández, Mª José Castillo, Adriana Izquierdo, Marcel Ibero, PP38 Anaphylaxis with honey in a child, S. Tolga Yavuz, Ali Gungor, Betul Buyuktiryaki, Ozan Koc, Can Naci Kocabas, Faysal Gok, PP39 Evaluation of courses adopted to children on prevention, recognition and management of anaphylaxis, Tina Vesel, Mihaela Nahtigal, PP40 Symptomatic dust mites and shrimp allergy: three pediatric case reports, Filipa Almeida, Susana Lopes, Cristina Madureira, Tânia Lopes, Fernanda Carvalho, PP41 Poor identification rates of nuts by high risk individuals: a call for improved education and support for families, Camille Heming, Emily Garrett, Adam Blackstock, Santanu Maity, Rahul Chodhari, PP42 DAFALL: database of food allergies in the Czech Republic, Simona Belohlavkova, Eliska Kopelentova, Petr Visek, Ivana Setinova, Ivana Svarcova, PP43 Serological cross-reactivity between grass and wheat is not only caused by profilins and CCDs, Sigrid Sjölander, Nora Nilsson, Malin Berthold, Helena Ekoff, Gunilla Hedlin, Magnus Borres, Caroline Nilsson, PP44 Oil body associated proteins in children with nuts allergy. Allergens to consider in IgE-mediated nuts allergy, Loreto González Domínguez, Cristina Muñoz Archidona, Ana Moreira Jorge, Sergio Quevedo Teruel, Teresa Bracamonte Bermejo, Miriam Castillo Fernández, Fernando Pineda de la Losa, Luis Ángel Echeverría Zudaire, PP45, PP46 Protective effect of helicobacter pylori infection against food allergy in children, Olga Vrani, Antigone Mavroudi, Maria Fotoulaki, Maria Emporiadou, Kleomenis Spiroglou, Ioannis Xinias, PP47 Anaphylaxis pathway: A road tryp-tase to success?, Helyeh A. Sadreddini, Mia Warnes, Donna Traves, POSTER VIEWING SESSION 3: Miscell