THE INCIDENCE OF MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS INFECTIONS AND RESISTANCE TO ANTITUBERCULOSIS DRUGS IN GIURGIU POPULATION

Tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an important health problem all over the world. Correct and early diagnosis of infection is a major condition for efficient treatment. Different localizations of mycobacterial infection are occurred but the most important is the pulmonary tuberculosis. Pulmonary tuberculosis can be diagnosed by medical history and symptoms, laboratory and radiographic tests Laboratory diagnosis of mycobacterial infections required microscopic examinations of sputum for acid – fast bacilli and a culture from sputum sample. Other techniques have provided a rapid and modern diagnosis but required high cost and special settings. In 2012, 975 subjects are investigated for mycobacterial infection in Izvoru (Giurgiu) Pneumophtysiology Hospital, but just 34.8% from all were confirmed with M. tuberculosis infection. The micobacterial infections were related to other diseases and formulated in order to gender and age of patients. For these patients the antibiogram was performed. All bacterial strains from patients with initial infection were sensitive to antituberculosis drugs (Hydrazide and Rifampicin). Some bacterial strains from older infections were resistant to these drugs

Optimized Technologies for Cointegration of MOS Transistor and Glucose Oxidase Enzyme on a Si-Wafer

The biosensors that work with field effect transistors as transducers and enzymes as bio-receptors are called ENFET devices. In the actual paper, a traditional MOS-FET transistor is cointegrated with a glucose oxidase enzyme, offering a glucose biosensor. The manufacturing process of the proposed ENFET is optimized in the second iteration. Above the MOS gate oxide, the enzymatic bioreceptor as the glucose oxidase is entrapped onto the nano-structured TiO2 compound. This paper proposes multiple details for cointegration between MOS devices with enzymatic biosensors. The Ti conversion into a nanostructured layer occurs by anodization. Two cross-linkers are experimentally studied for a better enzyme immobilization. The final part of the paper combines experimental data with analytical models and extracts the calibration curve of this ENFET transistor, prescribing at the same time a design methodology

Study of the chemical composition of sweet sorghum stalks depleted in carbohydrates with applications in obtaining bioethanol

Sweet sorghum is a great energy crop that shows the benefits to ecosystems, energy and economics, being a valuable source of energy of the category 1st, 2nd and 3rd. bioethanol generation. Purpose of the paper is to study the chemical composition of sweet sorghum stalks depleted in carbohydrates with applications in obtaining ethanol. It shows appreciable compositional values of free sugars, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. All these components can be easily made available as fermentable carbohydrates leading to the production of products with high economic value (bioethanol)

The Physicochemical and Antimicrobial Properties of Silver/Gold Nanoparticles Obtained by “Green Synthesis” from Willow Bark and Their Formulations as Potential Innovative Pharmaceutical Substances

Green chemistry is a pharmaceutical industry tool, which, when implemented correctly, can lead to a minimization in resource consumption and waste. An aqueous extract of Salix alba L. was employed for the efficient and rapid synthesis of silver/gold particle nanostructures via an inexpensive, nontoxic and eco-friendly procedure. The nanoparticles were physicochemically characterized using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), with the best stability of up to one year in the solution obtained for silver nanoparticles without any chemical additives. A comparison of the antimicrobial effect of silver/gold nanoparticles and their formulations (hydrogels, ointments, aqueous solutions) showed that both metallic nanoparticles have antibacterial and antibiofilm effects, with silver-based hydrogels having particularly high antibiofilm efficiency. The highest antibacterial and antibiofilm efficacies were obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa when using silver nanoparticle hydrogels, with antibiofilm efficacies of over 75% registered. The hydrogels incorporating green nanoparticles displayed a 200% increased bacterial efficiency when compared to the controls and their components. All silver nanoparticle formulations were ecologically obtained by “green synthesis” and were shown to have an antimicrobial effect or potential as keratinocyte-acting pharmaceutical substances for ameliorating infectious psoriasis wounds