BC2L-C N-Terminal Lectin Domain Complexed with Histo Blood Group Oligosaccharides Provides New Structural Information

International audienceLectins mediate adhesion of pathogens to host tissues, filling in a key role in the first steps of infection. Belonging to the opportunistic pathogen Burkholderia cenocepacia, BC2L-C is a superlectin with dual carbohydrate specificity, believed to mediate cross-linking between bacteria and host cells. Its C-terminal domain binds to bacterial mannosides while its N-terminal domain (BCL2-CN) recognizes fucosylated human epitopes. BC2L-CN presents a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) fold previously unseen in lectins with a novel fucose binding mode. We report, here, the production of a novel recombinant form of BC2L-CN (rBC2L-CN2), which allowed better protein stability and unprecedented co-crystallization with oligosaccharides. Isothermal calorimetry measurements showed no detrimental effect on ligand binding and data were obtained on the binding of Globo H hexasaccharide and l-galactose. Crystal structures of rBC2L-CN2 were solved in complex with two blood group antigens: H-type 1 and H-type 3 (Globo H) by X-ray crystallography. They provide new structural information on the binding site, of importance for the structural-based design of glycodrugs as new antimicrobials with antiadhesive properties

Etudes structurales et fonctionnelles de lectines et d'adhésines chez Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa est un pathogène opportuniste responsable de nombreuses maladies nosocomiales chez les patients immunodéprimés ainsi que d'infections graves chez les patients atteints de la mucoviscidose (CF). La colonisation des voies respiratoires des patients CF est souvent mortelle car une fois installée, cette bactérie est difficile à éradiquer et provoque le déclin des fonctions respiratoires des patients. L'antibiothérapie devient inefficace face au développement de souches multi-résistantes et sa capacité à former un biofilm. L'étape cruciale initiant l'infection ou la formation du biofilm est l'adhésion durant laquelle des interactions spécifiques lectines/oligosaccharides permettent la fixation de la bactérie à la surface de la cellule hôte. Bloquer l'adhésion serait un moyen de lutter contre l'infection. Dans l'approche d'une thérapie anti-adhésive, plusieurs lectines impliquées dans l'adhésion et l'élaboration du biofilm sont prises comme cibles. Dans un premier temps, des lectines fimbriales putatives identifiées récemment, CupB6 et CupE6, ont fait l'objet d'une étude. Des essais d'expression, de purification et de cristallisation ont été réalisés dans l'objectif de résoudre leur structure cristallographique. Une étude visant à identifier le ligand naturel de CupB6 a également été entreprise. Puis une étude a été menée pour caractériser le potentiel d'inhibition de plusieurs molécules dérivées du galactose sur la lectine soluble, PA-IL. Certaines de ces molécules pourraient être utilisées comme glycomimétiques offrant une alternative aux antibiotiques. Une étude par microcalorimétrie et cristallographie aux rayons X a permis d'étudier la spécificité d'une lectine de légumineuse, PELa.P. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium responsible for numerous nosocomial infections in immunosuppressed patients. It is the first mortal pathogen in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. The invasion of the respiratory tract of CF patients by the bacterium is often lethal because it is hard to eradicate and it rapidly impairs the respiratory functions of the patients. None of the current antibiotherapy procedures are efficient against multiresistant, biofilm forming P. aeruginosa. The first step leading to infection or biofilm formation involves the initial adhesion of bacterial cells to the host pulmonary cells via specific lectin/oligosaccharid interactions. Blocking the adhesion would be a way to fight against the infection. The anti-adhesion therapy targets several bacterial lectins involved in adhesiveness and biofilm formation. In this work, the recently identified putative fimbrial lectins CupB6 and CupE6 have been studied. Expression and purification tests followed by crystallization trials have been performed. In parallel, attempts to identify the natural ligand of CupB6 were also carried out. This work also presents a systematic characterization of the inhibitory effects of various galactose-derived molecules on the PA-IL lectin. Some of these molecules could be used as glycomimetic drugs thus offering an interesting alternative to standard antibiotics. Finally, the combination of microcalorimetry together with X-ray crystallography enabled us to gain insights into the ligand specificity of PELa, a legume lectin.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Structure and engineering of tandem repeat lectins

International audience(100 − 120 words) Through their ability to bind complex glycoconjugates, lectins have unique specificity and potential for biomedical and biotechnological applications. In particular, lectins with short repeated peptides forming carbohydrate-binding domains are not only of high interest for understanding protein evolution but can also be used as scaffold for engineering novel receptors. Synthetic glycobiology now provides the tools for engineering the specificity of lectins as well as their structure, multivalency and topologies. This review focuses on the structure and diversity of two families of tandem-repeat lectins, i.e. β-trefoils and β-propellers, demonstrated as the most promising scaffold for engineering novel lectins

Biochemical and structural characterization of the novel sialic acid-binding site of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIb

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The Hidden Conformation of Human Histo-blood Group Antigen is a Determinant for Recognition by Pathogen Lectins

International audienceHisto-blood group epitopes are fucosylated branched oligosaccharides with well-defined conformations in solution that are recognized by receptors, such as lectins from pathogens. We report here the results of a series of experimental and computational endeavours revealing the unusual distortion of histo-blood group antigens by bacterial and fungal lectins. The Lewis x trisaccharide adopts a rigid closed conformation in solution, whilst crystallography and molecular dynamics reveal several higher energy open con-formations when bound to the Ralstonia solanacearum lectin, which is in agreement with thermodynamic and kinetic measurements. Extensive molecular dynamics simulations confirm rare transient Le x openings in solution, frequently assisted by distortion of the central N-acetyl-glucosamine ring. Additional directed molecular dynamic trajectories revealed the role of a conserved tryptophan residue in guiding the fucose into the binding site. Our findings show that conformational adaptation of oligosaccharides is of paramount importance in cell recognition and should be considered when designing anti-infective glyco-compounds

Architecture and Evolution of Blade Assembly in β-propeller Lectins

International audienceLectins with a β-propeller fold bind glycans on the cell surface through multivalent binding sites and appropriate directionality. These proteins are formed by repeats of short domains, raising questions about evolutionary duplication. However, these repeats are difficult to detect in translated genomes and seldom correctly annotated in sequence databases. To address these issues, we defined the blade signature of the five types of β-propellers using 3D-structural data. With these templates, we predicted 3887 β-propeller lectins in 1889 species and organised this new information in a searchable online database. The data reveals a widespread distribution of β-propeller lectins across species. Prediction also emphasises multiple architectures and led to uncover a novel β-propeller assembly scenario. This was confirmed by producing and characterizing a predicted protein coded in the genome of Kordia zhangzhouensis. The crystal structure shows a new intermediate in the evolution of β-propeller assembly and demonstrates the power of our tool

A Soluble Fucose-Specific Lectin from Aspergillus fumigatus Conidia - Structure, Specificity and Possible Role in Fungal Pathogenicity

Aspergillus fumigatus is an important allergen and opportunistic pathogen. Similarly to many other pathogens, it is able to produce lectins that may be involved in the host-pathogen interaction. We focused on the lectin AFL, which was prepared in recombinant form and characterized. Its binding properties were studied using hemagglutination and glycan array analysis. We determined the specificity of the lectin towards l-fucose and fucosylated oligosaccharides, including α1-6 linked core-fucose, which is an important marker for cancerogenesis. Other biologically relevant saccharides such as sialic acid, d-mannose or d-galactose were not bound. Blood group epitopes of the ABH and Lewis systems were recognized, Le(Y) being the preferred ligand among others. To provide a correlation between the observed functional characteristics and structural basis, AFL was crystallized in a complex with methyl-α,L-selenofucoside and its structure was solved using the SAD method. Six binding sites, each with different compositions, were identified per monomer and significant differences from the homologous AAL lectin were found. Structure-derived peptides were utilized to prepare anti-AFL polyclonal antibodies, which suggested the presence of AFL on the Aspergillus' conidia, confirming its expression in vivo. Stimulation of human bronchial cells by AFL led to IL-8 production in a dose-dependent manner. AFL thus probably contributes to the inflammatory response observed upon the exposure of a patient to A. fumigatus. The combination of affinity to human epithelial epitopes, production by conidia and pro-inflammatory activity is remarkable and shows that AFL might be an important virulence factor involved in an early stage of A. fumigatus infection

Multivalent Fucosides Targeting β-Propeller Lectins from Lung Pathogens with Promising Anti-Adhesive Properties

Fungal and bacterial pathogens causing lung infections often use lectins to mediate adhesion to glycoconjugates at the surface of host tissues. Given the rapid emergence of resistance to the treatments in current use, β-propeller lectins such as FleA from Aspergillus fumigatus, SapL1 from Scedosporium apiospermum, and BambL from Burkholderia ambifaria have become appealing targets for the design of anti-adhesive agents. In search of novel and cheap anti-infectious agents, we synthesized multivalent compounds that can display up to 20 units of fucose, the natural ligand. We obtained nanomolar inhibitors that are several orders of magnitude stronger than their monovalent analogue according to several biophysical techniques (i.e., fluorescence polarization, isothermal titration calorimetry, and bio-layer interferometry). The reason for high affinity might be attributed to a strong aggregating mechanism, which was examined by analytical ultracentrifugation. Notably, the fucosylated inhibitors reduced the adhesion of A. fumigatus spores to lung epithelial cells when administered 1 h before or after the infection of human lung epithelial cells. For this reason, we propose them as promising anti-adhesive drugs for the prevention and treatment of aspergillosis and related microbial lung infections

Diffraction dataset collected for HeX-2 from T. suis

<p>Diffraction image collected on Eiger detector on proxima 1 on 110/09/2022 to solve the apo structure of Hex-2 from T. suis deposited under PDB code 8QK1. 3600 images 0.1° oscillation at 2.4 ansgtrom on the edge</p&gt

Ingénierie de lectines d'invertébrés par le développement de nouveaux outils de diagnostic en cancérologie

La lectine de Helix pomatia (HPA), extraite de la glande à albumine de l'escargot de Bourgogne et spécifique du résidu GalNAc, appartient à une nouvelle famille de lectine dite de type H. Elle est utilisée depuis plus de vingt ans comme marqueur d'adénocarcinomes (notamment du sein, du colon, du poumon) à fort pouvoir métastatique et donc faible pronostic vital. Son utilisation comme outil de routine en oncologie est, cependant, fortement limitée par son impossibilité à la produire sous forme recombinante. Afin de contourner ces difficultés, des protéines homologues ont été recherchées chez d'autres invertébrés. Deux lectines de type H ont été identifiées chez l'amibe Dictyostelium discoideum (discoidines) et une chez le corail Sinularia lochmodes (SLL-2). Les discoidines sont composées de deux domaines distincts, un domaine C-terminal, spécifique des résidus galactosylés et homologue à HPA et un domaine N-terminal, dit domaine discoidine, de fonction inconnue. Ces travaux de thèse portent, dans un premier temps, sur la poursuite de la caractérisation structurale de la discoidine 1 puis sur la production du domaine N-terminal de la discoidine 2 afin de confirmer la fonction lectine supposée. Dans un second temps, des expériences de microscopie confocale ont montrés que les discoidines ne possédaient pas la capacité d'HPA dans la discrimination des cellules métastatiques par rapport aux non métastatiques. La construction, par mutagenèse, d'une protéine chimérique entre la discoidine 2, très facilement produite dans E. coli, et HPA a alors été entreprise, le but étant de lui apporter la même spécificité qu'HPA. Enfin, la protéine SSL-2 a été clonée et de nombreux essais d'expression sous forme soluble et de purification ont été réalisés en vue de sa caractérisation biochimique et structurale pour sa possibilité d'utilisation comme marqueurs en histopathologieThe lectin of Helix pomatia (HPA), extracted from the albumin gland of the Roman snail and specific for the residue GalNAc, belongs to a new H type lectin family. It is used for twenty years as marker for metastatic adenocarcinoma (in particular breast, colon, lung) associated with poor life prognostic. Nevertheless, its use as routine tool in oncology is highly limited because of its incapability to produce it in a recombinant form. To avoid these difficulties, homologous proteins were searched in others invertebrates. Two H type lectins have been identified in the amiboe Dictyostelium discoideum (discoidins) and one in the coral Sinularia lochmodes (SLL-2). Discoidins are composed of two distinct domains, a C-terminal domain, specific for galactosylated residues and homologuous to HPA and an N-terminal domain, called discoidin domain, with unknown function. This thesis is focused, in a first time, on the continuation of structural characterization of discoidin 1 and on the production of the N-terminal domain of discoidin 2 to confirm the supposed lectin function. In a second time, confocal microscopy experiments showed that discoidins was not able to discriminate metastatic cancer cells to non metastatic ones, as HPA does. The construction, by mutagenesis, of a chimeric protein between discoidin 2, easily produced in E. coli, and HPA, began. The purpose was to give the same specificity as HPA. Last, SLL-2 was cloned and numerous expression assays, in a soluble form, and purification was tried to characterize the protein biochemistrycally and structurally. The aim was to test it as marker in histopathology.SAVOIE-SCD - Bib.électronique (730659901) / SudocGRENOBLE1/INP-Bib.électronique (384210012) / SudocGRENOBLE2/3-Bib.électronique (384219901) / SudocSudocFranceF