Updated Nucleosynthesis Constraints on Unstable Relic Particles

We revisit the upper limits on the abundance of unstable massive relic particles provided by the success of Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis calculations. We use the cosmic microwave background data to constrain the baryon-to-photon ratio, and incorporate an extensively updated compilation of cross sections into a new calculation of the network of reactions induced by electromagnetic showers that create and destroy the light elements deuterium, he3, he4, li6 and li7. We derive analytic approximations that complement and check the full numerical calculations. Considerations of the abundances of he4 and li6 exclude exceptional regions of parameter space that would otherwise have been permitted by deuterium alone. We illustrate our results by applying them to massive gravitinos. If they weigh ~100 GeV, their primordial abundance should have been below about 10^{-13} of the total entropy. This would imply an upper limit on the reheating temperature of a few times 10^7 GeV, which could be a potential difficulty for some models of inflation. We discuss possible ways of evading this problem.Comment: 40 pages LaTeX, 18 eps figure

Pirámide de oficinas sobre el lago de Zurich – Suiza

The author of this work has succeeded both in respecting municipal ordinances and in creating a building of unusual design, a succession of stories placed one on top each in pyramidal form with sloping windows. Within the overall unity simple forms are differentiated by means of horizontal strips and railing alternating with window bands. By the variation of the angle of surface inclination, and by exterior designs which follow function, whether offices or apartments, the building crearly manifests originality. The composition of this work is based in a central vertical nucleus which houses the stairwell and elevators and around which are grouped the following: in the basement, garage and storage space; on the lower floors, all offices; on the two next floors, duplex apartments; and on the top floor utility rooms containing air conditioning units, washing machines, storage halls, and heating units. The piles and flooring are of reinforced concrete; the facade is a curtain wall with window banding of Cor-Ten steel and panes of Stopray glass.Con objeto de respetar las Ordenanzas Municipales, el autor ha tratado de integrar la sucesión de plantas retranqueadas en una gran forma piramidal, con todas sus consecuencias como, por ejemplo, las ventanas inclinadas. Dentro de la unidad de conjunto se diferencian las formas simples, mediante franjas horizontales, constituidas alternativamente por antepechos cerrados y bandas de ventanas, subrayándose, además, por el distinto ángulo de inclinación de las superficies y por la diferente configuración externa de las plantas de oficinas y de viviendas, de acuerdo con su función. La organización constructiva se basa en un núcleo vertical central, que alberga las cajas de escalera y de ascensores, y las instalaciones, en torno al cual se agrupan: en las plantas bajas, las oficinas; en las dos plantas superiores, las viviendas, de tipo dúplex; en los áticos, las salas de aire acondicionado, lavaderos, almacenes y calefacción; y por último, en el sótano, garajes y almacenes. Los pilares y forjados son de hormigón armado. La fachada es un muro-cortina, constituido por antepechos de acero Cor-Ten y cristales fijos Stopray

Pirámide de oficinas sobre el lago de Zurich – Suiza

The author of this work has succeeded both in respecting municipal ordinances and in creating a building of unusual design, a succession of stories placed one on top each in pyramidal form with sloping windows. Within the overall unity simple forms are differentiated by means of horizontal strips and railing alternating with window bands. By the variation of the angle of surface inclination, and by exterior designs which follow function, whether offices or apartments, the building crearly manifests originality. The composition of this work is based in a central vertical nucleus which houses the stairwell and elevators and around which are grouped the following: in the basement, garage and storage space; on the lower floors, all offices; on the two next floors, duplex apartments; and on the top floor utility rooms containing air conditioning units, washing machines, storage halls, and heating units. The piles and flooring are of reinforced concrete; the facade is a curtain wall with window banding of Cor-Ten steel and panes of Stopray glass.<br><br>Con objeto de respetar las Ordenanzas Municipales, el autor ha tratado de integrar la sucesión de plantas retranqueadas en una gran forma piramidal, con todas sus consecuencias como, por ejemplo, las ventanas inclinadas. Dentro de la unidad de conjunto se diferencian las formas simples, mediante franjas horizontales, constituidas alternativamente por antepechos cerrados y bandas de ventanas, subrayándose, además, por el distinto ángulo de inclinación de las superficies y por la diferente configuración externa de las plantas de oficinas y de viviendas, de acuerdo con su función. La organización constructiva se basa en un núcleo vertical central, que alberga las cajas de escalera y de ascensores, y las instalaciones, en torno al cual se agrupan: en las plantas bajas, las oficinas; en las dos plantas superiores, las viviendas, de tipo dúplex; en los áticos, las salas de aire acondicionado, lavaderos, almacenes y calefacción; y por último, en el sótano, garajes y almacenes. Los pilares y forjados son de hormigón armado. La fachada es un muro-cortina, constituido por antepechos de acero Cor-Ten y cristales fijos Stopray

CHIRAL TETRAAMINES BASED ON (S)-2-(AMINOMETHYL)PYRROLIDINE - TEMPLATE SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF COPPER(II) COMPLEXES

The template reaction of {bis[(S)-2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine]}copper(II) with formaldehyde, nitroethane, and base in MeOH yields optically pure {1,7-bis[(S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-4-methyl-4-nitro-2,6-diazaheptane}-copper(II) ([Cu((S,S)-mnppm)]2+) in high yield. The same reaction with rac-2-(aminomethyl)pyrrolidine is also described. Preparative details and spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of the Cu(II) complexes and of the free ligands are reported and compared with structural, spectroscopic, and electrochemical data of the Cu(II) complex of the unsubstituted parent ligand 1,7-bis[(S)-pyrrolidin-2-yl]-2,6-diazaheptane (ppm). The crystal structure of [CU(PPM)]Cl.ClO4 has been determined by X-ray diffraction methods