Approximate calculation of breakage parameters from batch grinding tests

International audienceA mathematical treatment, based largely on the work of Kapur, has been developed to obtain breakage and selection matrices from batch grinding tests which are valid for the initial period of the process. The method is illustrated using experimental results for the grinding of hydrargillite and carbon in a laboratory scale stirred bead mill for 15 min and it is shown that this restriction still allows application of the method to continuous grinding processes in the mill. The breakage and selection functions determined by the method are shown to give a good representation of the grinding kinetics and to lead to a normalized breakage function

Prediction of the product size distribution in associations of stirred bead mills

9th European Symposium on Comminution and Classification, ALBI, FRANCE, SEP 08‐10, 1998International audienceIn order to determine the operating conditions leading to a product with a given particle size distribution, a study has been made of the influence of the operating parameters (stirrer speed, solids concentration, bends diameter) on the particle size distribution of the product obtained in wet fine grinding in a stirred bead mill. Combination of the results of this study with a flow model through the mill leads to a model of the continuous grinding process. This model suggests that the spreading of the particle size distribution could be reduced either in multiplying the number of mills associated in series, nor in multiplying the number of passages through the same mill. Experiments made with the same overall residence time confirm this assumption

Identification of the fragmentation mechanisms in wet-phase fine grinding in a stirred bead mill

International audienceBreakage and selection functions for wet-phase grinding of carbon in a stirred bead mill have been determined by a method based on Kapur's first-order approximate solution. This allows calculation of curves of B-ij = F (x(i)/x(j)) which are used to characterise the fragmentation mechanisms in terms of either abrasion or fragmentation. Comparison of the mechanisms identified in this way, with observation of the fragments produced under different grinding conditions by means of a scanning electron microscope coupled with image analysis confirms the validity of these conclusions

Impact pronostique de l’expression de pd-1 et pd-l1 pour les tumeurs de la voie excrétrice supérieure

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Prostate-specific markers to identify rare prostate cancer cells in liquid biopsies

Despite improvements in early detection and advances in treatment, patients with prostate cancer continue to die from their disease. Minimal residual disease after primary definitive treatment can lead to relapse and distant metastases, and increasing evidence suggests that circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and bone marrow-derived disseminated tumour cells (BM-DTCs) can offer clinically relevant biological insights into prostate cancer dissemination and metastasis. Using epithelial markers to accurately detect CTCs and BM-DTCs is associated with difficulties, and prostate-specific markers are needed for the detection of these cells using rare cell assays. Putative prostate-specific markers have been identified, and an optimized strategy for staining rare cancer cells from liquid biopsies using these markers is required. The ideal prostate-specific marker will be expressed on every CTC or BM-DTC throughout disease progression (giving high sensitivity) and will not be expressed on non-prostate-cancer cells in the sample (giving high specificity). Some markers might not be specific enough to the prostate to be used as individual markers of prostate cancer cells, whereas others could be truly prostate-specific and would make ideal markers for use in rare cell assays. The goal of future studies is to use sensitive and specific prostate markers to consistently and reliably identify rare cancer cells