The Effectiveness of Isometric Exercises on Pain Perception of Elderly with Osteoarthritis in Selected Old Age Homes

Introduction: India is likely to notice an endemic of osteoarthritis with about 80% of the 55 years and above population in the country suffering with wear and tear of joints. 40% of these people are likely to suffer from severe osteoarthritis, which will disable them from daily activities, say the experts quoting the World Health Organization (WHO). Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the effect of isometric exercise in elderly with osteoarthritis in a selected old age home in Delhi. Methods: A randomized control trial was conducted on 50 elderly (25 elderly in experimental group and 25 elderly in control group) aged 60 to 90 years. Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was used for selection of the sample. A structured interview schedule and Numerical Pain Rating Scale, were used for data collection and the data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Results revealed that the elderly with osteoarthritis in the experimental group had reduction in pain followed by isometric exercise compared to the elderly with osteoarthritis in the control group. Conclusion: Results confirmed that isometric exercise is an effective method of pain relief for elderly with osteoarthritis

Assessment of the cleaning and disinfection practices among healthcare workers in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) post-patient discharge

Introduction: Patients being admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) pose a risk of developing common healthcare acquired infections. Healthcare workers (HCWs) must be well-equipped and knowledgeable to deliver effective cleaning and disinfection protocols to reduce the chances of hospital-acquired infections. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of cleaning and disinfection after the discharge/death of patients among the HCWs in selected ICUs. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted in selected ICUs of a tertiary care hospital. A purposive sampling technique was used to select the participants which included 106 staff nurses and 47 housekeeping staff and 110 events of cleaning and disinfection were observed. A structured knowledge questionnaire was used to collect the knowledge among the participants and a practice checklist was used to collect the practice regarding cleaning and disinfection separately from both staff nurses and housekeeping staff. The study was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Good knowledge was reported among 75 (70.8%) nursing staff and 28 (59.6%) housekeeping staff on cleaning and disinfection. It was found that in all the observed events, 110 (100%) of the HCWs had worn gloves and discarded the single-used items and linens of the patients. Conclusions: Most of the HCWs used good barrier techniques while at work and cleaning and disinfection practices were found to be appropriate in maintaining the ideal infection control practices in ICUs with compliance with the hospital policies

Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Silver pompano, Trachinotus blochii (Lacepede, 1801)

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to quantify the dietary lysine requirement of juvenile silver pompano with an initial average weight of 6.28 g reared in indoor recirculatory system. Six treatment diets were designed with isonitrogenous, isolipidic and isoenergetic diets. (42% CP, 6% CL and 4.28 kcal g−1 GE) were formulated with graded levels of lysine (1.52, 1.85, 2.21, 2.49, 2.74 and 2.98 g/100 g, dry diet). Equal amino acid nitrogen was maintained by replacing lysine with nonessential amino acid mixture. Fish were randomly stocked, in triplicate groups, in 180 L indoor glass rectangular tanks with recirculatory system and fed to apparent satiation over two feedings at 10:00 and 16:00 h daily during the experimental period. The results indicated that there were significant differences in growth and feed utilization among the treatments. Fish fed diets with lysine in different treatments showed high survival rate (95–100%). Maximum weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) occurred at 2.21% dietary lysine. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), viscerosomatic index (VSI) and crude protein content in whole body were significantly affected by dietary lysine levels. There were significant differences (P < .05) in total serum protein levels and erythrocyte count in fish fed diets with different dietary lysine levels. No significant differences were observed in the levels of serum glucose, triglycerides and creatinine levels among the treatments. In the present study, optimization of fitted quadratic regression of weight gain%, SGR, PER and FER on lysine in diet revealed that the optimum lysine requirement of silver pompano was in the range of 2.40–2.45% of dry diet (5.71–5.83% of dietary crude protein)

Chitosan- hypothalamic hormonal analogue nanoconjugates enhanced the reproductive performance in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita

The current study reports the potential of chitosan nanoparticles for the efficient delivery of hypothalamic hormonal analogue in Labeo rohita, aiming to improve reproductive performance. Here salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (sGnRH-a) was conjugated with chitosan nanoparticles (ChN-sGnRH-a) to evaluate its efficiency in enhancing the reproductive gene expression, hormones as well as the overall reproductive output in L. rohita. A total of 54 pairs of brooders were selected and divided into six treatments viz; C0: Negative Control (fish injected with bare chitosan nanoparticles), C: Positive Control (fish injected with Gonopro-FH®, a commercially available inducing hormone, at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg body weight of fish), T1: fish injected with ChN-sGnRH-a at a dose of 0.2 ml/kg, T2: T1 + 10 mg/ml domperidone, T3: fish injected with ChN-sGnRH-a at a dose of 0.1 ml/kg, T4: T3 + 10 mg/ml domperidone. In T2 and T4 treatments, serum hormones, Testosterone (T); Estradiol (E2); Vitellogenin (Vtg); and 17α, 20β-dihydroxyprogesterone (17α, 20β-DHP) showed the sustained elevation. The means of reproductive traits like fecundity, fertilization rate, pseudo-gonadosomatic index and spawning rate were significantly (P&lt;0.05) higher in T2 treatment, while no significant difference was found between C and T4 treatment. The mRNA expression level of follicle-stimulating hormone (fshβ), luteinizing hormone (lhβ) and their cognate receptors was significantly better in T2 treatment, while no significant difference was found between T4 and C treatments. Further, the histological analysis of ovaries showed increased post-ovulatory follicles in C, T2 and T4 treatments. The results indicate that ChN-sGnRH-a could help in reducing the recommended dose of sGnRH-a without affecting the reproductive performance in L. rohita females. The sustained releasing mechanism of this formulation may be used as an induced breeding strategy in female L. rohita broodstock

North American Journal of Aquaculture (Progressive Fish Culturist)

Not Available60-d experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of alternative feeding, restriction feeding, andrefeeding on digestive enzymes, metabolic enzymes, and metabolites in Rohu Labeo rohita ?ngerlings. Fish weighingaround 13 ? 2 g were randomly distributed into four treatment groups and a control group. The control group was fedwith 3% body mass twice a day throughout the experiment. The four treatment groups consisted of T1 (alternate dayfeeding), T2 (0.5% feeding), T3 (1% feeding), and T4 (2% feeding). The ?sh were fed for the ?rst 30 d according tothe feeding schedule, and from day 31 onwards all of the treatment groups were fed the same rations as were the con-trol ?sh up to 60 d. The samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 of the experimental trial. The activityof digestive enzymes decreased signi?cantly (P < 0.05) in T1, T2, and T3 with respect to the control, and the lowestactivities were found on day 30 of the experiment. The glucose-6-phospahate dehydrogenase activity decreased withthe level of restriction feeding, with the lowest activity occurring at day 30 in the T2 group, and it improved withrefeeding. The serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations decreased, with the lowest levels occurringin the T2 group at day 30. The current study revealed that restriction feeding and refeeding affected the digestion andmetabolism of Rohu ?ngerlings within a short period of 30 d, and refeeding restored the optimum activity levels withinthe same 30-d period thereafte

North American Journal of Aquaculture (Progressive Fish Culturist)

Not Available60-d experimental trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of alternative feeding, restriction feeding, andrefeeding on digestive enzymes, metabolic enzymes, and metabolites in Rohu Labeo rohita ?ngerlings. Fish weighingaround 13 ? 2 g were randomly distributed into four treatment groups and a control group. The control group was fedwith 3% body mass twice a day throughout the experiment. The four treatment groups consisted of T1 (alternate dayfeeding), T2 (0.5% feeding), T3 (1% feeding), and T4 (2% feeding). The ?sh were fed for the ?rst 30 d according tothe feeding schedule, and from day 31 onwards all of the treatment groups were fed the same rations as were the con-trol ?sh up to 60 d. The samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 of the experimental trial. The activityof digestive enzymes decreased signi?cantly (P < 0.05) in T1, T2, and T3 with respect to the control, and the lowestactivities were found on day 30 of the experiment. The glucose-6-phospahate dehydrogenase activity decreased withthe level of restriction feeding, with the lowest activity occurring at day 30 in the T2 group, and it improved withrefeeding. The serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol concentrations decreased, with the lowest levels occurringin the T2 group at day 30. The current study revealed that restriction feeding and refeeding affected the digestion andmetabolism of Rohu ?ngerlings within a short period of 30 d, and refeeding restored the optimum activity levels withinthe same 30-d period thereafte

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Journal of Animal Research

Not AvailableBiswal, A., Srivastava, P.P., Gupta, S., Jayant, M. and Varghese, T., 2020. Study on alteration of critical water quality parameters and selected metabolic response of Labeo rohita fingerling subjected to transportation stress. Journal of Animal Research, 10(4), pp.563-568

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Not AvailableA study was conducted to evaluate the effect of starvation and refeeding on ghrelin and leptin gene expression in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Further, the variations in digestive, metabolic enzymes and metabolites such as glucose, glycogen and lipids were also revealed. An experimental trial of 15 days was carried out, with 7 days of star- vation and then refeeding up to 15 days. Sampling was done at different time intervals of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 15th day of the experiment. The ghrelin gene expression levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) up to 7th day and decreased after refeeding. Leptin levels showed the opposite trend with decline in expression levels during starvation and declined to the levels of control after refeeding. The activities of digestive enzymes pro- tease, amylase and lipase enzymes were significantly lowest (p < 0.05) on 7th day of starvation and they increased after refeeding the fishes. Hexokinase and G6PDH activities were decreased with days of starvation while LDH and G6Pase significantly increased with starvation. Glycogen showed significant (p < 0.05) re- duction during starvation and relapsed to the level of control after refeeding, revealing the role of glycogen stores during starvation. The present study revealed the orexigenic role of ghrelin and anorexigenic role of leptin during starvation and refeeding in L. rohita which aids in maintaining the energy homeostasis through regulating nutrient metabolism. The study also concludes that L. rohita can sustain 7 days of starvation with the aid of metabolic and endocrine regulation of energy homeostasis.Not Availabl

Aquaculture

Not AvailableTransportation of fingerlings to a geographically distant culture system is an extremely stressful event that ultimately hinders the success of culture practices in India. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the stress mitigatory potency of NaCl during long-term transportation of Labeo rohita fingerlings based on biochemical profiles, hydromineral characteristic, and hepatic HSP70 mRNA expression. Simulated transportation of L. rohita fingerlings were carried out for 12 h in four treatments of NaCl solution (0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% NaCl) along with in non-supplemented control group in triplicate. Serum and tissue sampling were carried out before the transportation (0 h, 1st day), immediately after transportation (12 h, 2nd day), on 3rd day (36 h) and 7th day (168 h) post transportation. Integrated biomarker response (IBR) index is calculated for selected biomarkers such as cortisol, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), triglyceride, creatinine in serum and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), G-6 phosphatase in tissues at each treatment and control. The result showed a significant change in the level of the stress hormone cortisol, serum ionic concentration, enzymes (SGPT, LDH, MDH), and metabolites (triglyceride, creatinine) along with an upregulation in liver HSP70 mRNA expression. The level of total ammonia?nitrogen was found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in control (T0) fishes in comparison to treatments after transportation. IBR index reveals that 0.4% NaCl exhibited the lowest multi-biomarker stress response compared to other treatments and control. Further, a significantly highest survivability was observed in 0.4% NaCl on 7th day post-transportation. Therefore, using of 0.4% salt as a water additive will provide a solution to transportation induced stress problems in L. rohita fingerling and underwrite the success and progress of grow-out fish culture in days to come