Descripcion de las estrategias de comunicación en el Ministerio de Defensa durante el primer periodo de gobierno del Presidente Álvaro Uribe Vélez

Comunicador (a) SocialPregrad

Diseño de un algoritmo para determinar la estrategia de almacenamiento y programación de manipulación de contenedores en terminales marítimos

Debido a las grandes cantidades de carga que se manejan actualmente en la industria, al dinamismo de la economía y al bajo costo del transporte marítimo; este medio de transporte es el más utilizado para el comercio internacional. Sin embargo, los puertos exigen un alto nivel de complejidad tanto en gestión logística cómo de infraestructura, de igual manera es necesario mencionar el alto nivel de complejidad en las actividades y toma de decisiones dentro del mismo. En tal sentido, este documento tiene como objetivo plantear una solución a la manipulación de contenedores desde el momento en el que son descargados del buque, hasta que son asignados en una posición estratégica de almacenamiento, permitiendo reducir los grandes tiempos de espera tanto para un buque como para un camión, que en términos económicos son bastante representativos. Este estudio propone el diseño de dos metaheurísticas Búsqueda Tabú y Algoritmo Genético con el fin de obtener la adecuada estrategia de almacenamiento de contenedores dentro de un puerto marítimo. El resultado obtenido en ambas metaheurísticas fue comparado con el propósito de encontrar el menor tiempo total del sistema, y lograr medir el rendimiento de los modelos propuestos. Adicionalmente se diseñó un modelo de simulación para comprender el comportamiento del sistema, evaluar el desempeño de las dos metaheurísticas creadas, comparando sus resultados. Mediante el modelo de simulación creado se representó un escenario de método LIFO el cual es un ejemplo de cómo se trasladan los contenedores en un puerto marítimo. Una vez obtenido el resultado que arrojo la solución inicial propuesta, se procedió a comparar esté con la representación LIFO. Se concluye que la solución inicial mejora en un 22% el tiempo total del escenario simulado. Comparando los resultados arrojados por las dos metaheurísticas, se obtuvo un 0,25% de mejora en el tiempo total, de la metaheurística búsqueda Tabú frente al Algoritmo Genético. Finalmente, se verifico que el algoritmo que representa un menor tiempo mejora en un 1,56% la solución inicial propuesta, Aportando como solución propuesta en un total de 23,56% de mejora contra el método LIFO. Es importante resaltar que los tiempos de operación de las actividades para los diferentes equipos de un puerto fueron los reportados en la literatura.Since the rapid growing of the economy and globalization, industry is searching for more efficient types of transportation. Because of a low-cost shipping (compared to air freight) and size restrictions, ocean freight shipping is the most common way of imports transportation. Nevertheless, ports logistics and infrastructure represent an obstacle due to operational and high-risk decisions complexity. That said, the objective of the following document is to present an operational solution of the cargo from the moment it is on the boat until they are stored in a strategic position. As a result of this solution, cargo downtime and cargo truck wait time will be reduced considerably. This improvement will deliver big economic savings to all the parties and operation will be more efficient. This study will evaluate two different metaheuristics: Tabu Search (TS) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) in order to propose the best storage strategy in a port. Results of both metaheuristics will be compared evaluating performance and identifying the minor downtime of both proposals. A modeled simulation created, represent a LIFO method to simulate how cargos will be moved in the port. After simulation LIFO method and the original proposal results were compared to demonstrate if the proposal will reduce cargo downtime. As a result, proposal achieved a 22% down time reduction. Comparing both metaheuristics results demonstrate that Tabu Search (TS) have a 0.25%-time reduction versus Genetic Algorithm (GA). Finally, Tabu Search (TS) proposal presents a 1,56% time reductions versus original proposal. Comparing this results with LIFO method we conclude that our proposal improves wait time / downtime around 23,56%.Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Avaliação estrutural e magnetica do sistema CaTi1-xMx O3 (M = Dy, Ho, Gd) (x = 0,5)

In this work we studies and evaluates the structural and magnetic properties of CaTi1-xMxO3 system whereM = Dy, Ho, and Gd, using a substitution level of x = 0.5, in order to improve the magnetic response of synthesized materials by the solid state reaction method. For each system stoichiometric quantities of TiO2, Ho2O3, Dy2O3, Gd2O3 and CaCO3 precursors were used, which were treated at 973,15 K for 2 hours and grounded to ensure the homogeneity of compositions. The structural characterization was initiated by a modelling process provided by the SPuDS software, which allowed to evaluate the critical tolerance values of the structures under temperature conditions. The X-ray diffraction analysis and Rietveld refinement using the GSAS and EXPGUI software, revealed that all samples exhibit an orthorhombic configuration with spatial group Pnma (62). The magnetic characterization evaluates the magnetic behavior of the systems according to the magnetization curves as a function of temperature and the hysteresis curves as a function of the external field that is applied to each of the proposed systems, resulting in a paramagnetic behavior. These results demonstrate that it is necessary to complement this information to provide more effective tools in the synthesis of these materials, when determining the effect of the mass transport properties, that could affect the distribution of cation B and thus to clarify the optimal structure (with possible vacancies Of oxygen), which would lead to the formation of complex extended defects in the solids.En este trabajo estudia y evalúa las propiedades estructurales y magnéticas del sistema CaTi1-xMxO3 donde M = Dy, Ho y Gd, utilizando un nivel de sustitución de x = 0,5, con el fin de mejorar la respuesta magnética de los materiales sintetizados por el método de reacción en estado sólido. Para cada sistema se utilizaron cantidades estequiométricas de TiO2, Ho2O3, Dy2O3, Gd2O3 y CaCO3, las cuales se trataron a 973.15 K durante 2 horas para asegurar la homogeneidad de las composiciones. La caracterización estructural se inició mediante un proceso de modelado proporcionado por el software SPuDS, que permitió evaluar los valores críticos de tolerancia de las estructuras bajo condiciones de temperatura. El análisis de difracción de rayos X y refinamiento de Rietveld utilizando el software GSAS y EXPGUI, reveló que todas las muestras exhiben una configuración ortorrómbica con grupo espacial Pnma (62). La caracterización magnética evalúa el comportamiento magnético de los sistemas de acuerdo con las curvas de magnetización en función de la temperatura y en función del campo magnético externo que se aplica a cada uno de los sistemas propuestos, resultando en un comportamiento paramagnético. Estos resultados demuestran que es necesario complementar esta información para proporcionar herramientas más efectivas en la síntesis de estos materiales, al determinar el efecto de las propiedades de transporte masivo, que podrían afectar la distribución del catión B y así aclarar la estructura óptima (con posibles vacantes de oxígeno), lo que conduciría a la formación de complejos defectos extendidos en los sólidos.O trabalho atual estuda e avalia as propriedades estruturais e magnéticas do sistema CaTi1-xMxO3 ondeM = Dy, Ho e Gd, usando um nível de substituição de x = 0,5, para melhorar a resposta magnética dos materiais sintetizados por o método de reação no estado sólido. Para cada sistema foram utilizadas quantidades estequiométricas de TiO2, Ho2O3, Dy2O3, Gd2O3 e CaCO3, que foram tratadas a 973,15 K por 2 horas para assegurar a homogeneidade das composições. A caracterização estrutural foi iniciada através de um processo de modelagem fornecido pelo software SPuDS, que permitiu avaliar os valores críticos de tolerância das estruturas sob condições de temperatura. A análise de difração e refinamento de raios-X de Rietveld usando o software GSAS e EXPGUI revelou que todas as amostras exibem uma configuração ortorrôbica com um grupo espacial Pnma (62). A caracterização magnética avalia o comportamento magnético dos sistemas de acordo com as curvas de magnetização em função da temperatura e como função do campo magnético externo que é aplicado a cada um dos sistemas propostos, resultando em um comportamento paramagnético. Estes resultados mostram que é necessário complementar esta informação para fornecer ferramentas mais eficazes na síntese desses materiais, ao determinar o efeito das propriedades de transporte em massa, o que pode afetar a distribuição do catião B e, assim, esclarecer a estrutura ideal (com possíveis vagas de oxigênio), o que levaria à formação de defeitos complexos prolongados em sólidos

Bi-allelic variants in OGDHL cause a neurodevelopmental spectrum disease featuring epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, and ataxia

The 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase-like (OGDHL) protein is a rate-limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle that plays a pivotal role in mitochondrial metabolism. OGDHL expression is restricted mainly to the brain in humans. Here, we report nine individuals from eight unrelated families carrying bi-allelic variants in OGDHL with a range of neurological and neurodevelopmental phenotypes including epilepsy, hearing loss, visual impairment, gait ataxia, microcephaly, and hypoplastic corpus callosum. The variants include three homozygous missense variants (p.Pro852Ala, p.Arg244Trp, and p.Arg299Gly), three compound heterozygous single-nucleotide variants (p.Arg673Gln/p.Val488Val, p.Phe734Ser/p.Ala327Val, and p.Trp220Cys/p.Asp491Val), one homozygous frameshift variant (p.Cys553Leufs∗16), and one homozygous stop-gain variant (p.Arg440Ter). To support the pathogenicity of the variants, we developed a novel CRISPR-Cas9-mediated tissue-specific knockout with cDNA rescue system for dOgdh, the Drosophila ortholog of human OGDHL. Pan-neuronal knockout of dOgdh led to developmental lethality as well as defects in Krebs cycle metabolism, which was fully rescued by expression of wild-type dOgdh. Studies using the Drosophila system indicate that p.Arg673Gln, p.Phe734Ser, and p.Arg299Gly are severe loss-of-function alleles, leading to developmental lethality, whereas p.Pro852Ala, p.Ala327Val, p.Trp220Cys, p.Asp491Val, and p.Arg244Trp are hypomorphic alleles, causing behavioral defects. Transcript analysis from fibroblasts obtained from the individual carrying the synonymous variant (c.1464T>C [p.Val488Val]) in family 2 showed that the synonymous variant affects splicing of exon 11 in OGDHL. Human neuronal cells with OGDHL knockout exhibited defects in mitochondrial respiration, indicating the essential role of OGDHL in mitochondrial metabolism in humans. Together, our data establish that the bi-allelic variants in OGDHL are pathogenic, leading to a Mendelian neurodevelopmental disease in humans

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file

Cultura de investigación para la innovación y el emprendimiento

El libro se encuentra dividido en tres ejes temáticos : el primero trata temas de Investigación aplicada con dos capítulos, el segundo eje contiene los capítulos tres al seis y aborda temas de innovación en procesos con temas de software y competitividad empresarial; el eje tres innovación en servicios y en producción, del capítulo siete al doce aborda temas tan interesantes como las realidades de la internacionalización de servicios, logística hospitalaria, modelo de diagnóstico para el desarrollo socio-económico y modelo de microcréditos.The book is divided into three thematic axes: the first deals with issues of applied research with two chapters, the second axis contains chapters three to six and addresses issues of innovation in processes with issues of software and business competitiveness; axis three innovation in services and production, from chapter seven to twelve, addresses such interesting topics as the realities of the internationalization of services, hospital logistics, a diagnostic model for socio-economic development and a microcredit model.Cómo fomentar la investigación científica y la innovación empresarial desde una unidad de emprendimiento / Carlos Andres Zamudio Delgado, Johemir Pérez Pertuz -- Cambio y variabilidad cognitiva en el desarrollo de competencias financieras en niños y niñas de 7 años / Luis Guillermo Rojas Gómez -- FINEVA: el software para el análisis financiero de la internacionalización empresarial / Guillermo Rafael Angulo Vega, Lissette Salomé Ortíz Gallardo, Johel Andrés García Vargas -- Responsabilidad social del contador público desde su proceso de formación para fortalecer la gestión contable de microempresarios en la localidad de suba upz rincón Bogotá Colombia / Nadia Ávila, Ana C. Pinzón Vargas -- Competitividad e innovación en el aprendiz SENA: perspectivas de formación / René Alexander Guerrero Vergel, Ferly Antonio Valencia Serna, Elizabeth Tuberquia Vanegas -- Diseño y desarrollo de una aplicación de escritorio para la homologación contable de módulos sap systeme anwendungen und produkte / Nelson Giovanni Agudelo Cristancho, Ángela María Montoya, Juan Carlos Amezquita Tovar -- Realidades de la internacionalización de servicios en Colombia: una revisión de literatura (1994-2017) / Campo Elías López Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Ligarreto Parra, Haroldo Enrique Puerta Cabarcas -- Logística hospitalaria: caracterización de la operación de una sala de urgencias en la ciudad de Ibagué / Julián Alonso Garzón Quiroga, Jaime Alberto Villada Garcés -- Estudio de la evolución de la huella ocular como mecanismo de seguridad para las entidades financieras / Laura Valentina García Pérez, Karen Valentina Cetina Huérfano, Ashly Valeria Mercado Rojas, Ana C Pinzón Vargas -- Cómo vincular la información que brinda la contabilidad de gestión ambiental con los proyectos de emprendimiento / Daniel Isaac Roque -- Modelo diagnóstico para el desarrollo socio- productivo de la chamba en la post cosecha / Marina Casallas Silva, Jimmy Daniel Gamba Casallas, Wilson Ferney Molano -- Modelo de microcréditos para el sistema financiero / José Gerardo Vaca Lombanana232 página

Large scale multifactorial likelihood quantitative analysis of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants: An ENIGMA resource to support clinical variant classification

The multifactorial likelihood analysis method has demonstrated utility for quantitative assessment of variant pathogenicity for multiple cancer syndrome genes. Independent data types currently incorporated in the model for assessing BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants include clinically calibrated prior probability of pathogenicity based on variant location and bioinformatic prediction of variant effect, co-segregation, family cancer history profile, co-occurrence with a pathogenic variant in the same gene, breast tumor pathology, and case-control information. Research and clinical data for multifactorial likelihood analysis were collated for 1,395 BRCA1/2 predominantly intronic and missense variants, enabling classification based on posterior probability of pathogenicity for 734 variants: 447 variants were classified as (likely) benign, and 94 as (likely) pathogenic; and 248 classifications were new or considerably altered relative to ClinVar submissions. Classifications were compared with information not yet included in the likelihood model, and evidence strengths aligned to those recommended for ACMG/AMP classification codes. Altered mRNA splicing or function relative to known nonpathogenic variant controls were moderately to strongly predictive of variant pathogenicity. Variant absence in population datasets provided supporting evidence for variant pathogenicity. These findings have direct relevance for BRCA1 and BRCA2 variant evaluation, and justify the need for gene-specific calibration of evidence types used for variant classification