SLC6A4 STin2 VNTR genetic polymorphism is associated with tobacco use disorder, but not with successful smoking cessation or smoking characteristics: a case control study.

The aim of this study was to determine if variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the second intron (STin2) of the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene was associated with tobacco use disorder, successful smoking cessation, or smoking characteristics. In this case-control study, patients with current tobacco use disorder, diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria (n = 185), and never-smokers, diagnosed according to CDC criteria (n = 175), were recruited and received 52 weeks of combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive therapy. Successful smoking cessation was defined as exhaled carbon monoxide < 6 ppm. SLC6A4 gene STin2 VNTR polymorphism was assessed using a Multiplex-PCR-based method. At baseline, participants were evaluated using the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the ASSIST scale

O ensino de psiquiatria, habilidades de comunicação e atitudes no currículo integrado do curso de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Londrina

Este artigo relata uma experiência de ensino de psiquiatria, habilidades de comunicação e atitudes no currículo integrado do curso de Medicina da Universidade Estadual de Londrina. O mapa conceitual do módulo temático de problemas mentais e do comportamento foi proposto para facilitar uma aprendizagem interdisciplinar significativa de psiquiatria. O conhecimento de psiquiatria é adquirido utilizando-se a metodologia de Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas. O treinamento de habilidades de comunicação e atitudes é realizado de diferentes formas, com pacientes verdadeiros, pacientes simulados, vídeos, relatos de casos, dramatizações e trabalhos em pequenos grupos. Os métodos de avaliação do conhecimento de psiquiatria, habilidades de comunicação e atitudes incluem avaliação somativa eformativa, que fornecem feedback ao estudante acerca de seu progresso, o exame clínico estruturado por objetivo (Osce), portfolios e relatórios de casos. As competências de conhecimento de psiquiatria, habilidades em comunicação e atitudes são internalizadas dependendo do método de treinamento de uma aprendizagem significativa e de como os estudantes são avaliados em sua prática da medicina

Depressed female smokers have higher levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1

Aim: To examine clinical and biomarkers in depressed female smokers, in order to better clarify the process that link mood disorders, childhood trauma and smoking in women. Methods: The clinical sample comprised women with unipolar or bipolar depression, divided into subgroups of smokers and never-smoker. The control groups comprised two subgroups non-depressed women, separated into smokers and never-smokers. A structured questionnaire was used to assess socio-demographic and clinical data. The following scales were used: 17-item version Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating scale (HAM-A), Sheehan disability scale, the Child Trauma Questionnaire. The following biomarkers were investigated: lipid profile, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLc), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides the Castelli's Risk indexes I and II; and cytokines, including interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1). Results: Depressed female smokers showed a number of significant positive correlations: emotional neglect and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.02); waist circumference and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.001); body mass index and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); HAM-A and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.03); IL-1β and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); IL-10 and sTNF-R1 (p = 0.001); IL-12 and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01);Castelli index I and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); Castelli index II and sTNF-R1 (p < 0.01); and a significantly negative correlation between HDLc and sTNF-R1(p = 0.014). Conclusion: This study suggests that depressed female smokers who experienced more childhood trauma and had more anxiety symptoms are associated with the activation of inflammatory processes and alterations in components of lipid profile. Keywords: Tobacco use disorder, Depression, Inflammation, Metabolism, Child abus

Atherogenic index of plasma and atherogenic coefficient are increased in major depression and bipolar disorder, especially when comorbid with tobacco use disorder

There is a robust comorbidity between mood disorders and cardiovascular disorder (CVD). The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and the atherogenic coefficient (AC) are important atherogenic indexes. The aims of this study were to delineate whether AIP and AC are increased in mood disorders especially when comorbid with tobacco use disorder (TUD)

Paraoxonase 1 status and interactions between Q192R functional genotypes by smoking contribute significantly to total plasma radical trapping antioxidant potential.

AbstractThe measurement of the total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) is a general marker of peripheral blood antioxidant defenses. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a potent antioxidant, which protects against lipid peroxidation. The study aimed to examine the relation between TRAP levels and PON1 activity, PON1 Q192R functional genotypes, smoking, interactions between PON1 genotypes and smoking, and mood disorders, while adjusting for effects of ethnicity, marital status, body mass index (BMI) and gender. The analyses were performed in 197 controls and 136 subjects with mood disorders. TRAP levels were significantly associated with higher plasma PON1 activity, the RR functional genotype, non smoking by RR carriers, male gender and a higher BMI. TRAP levels were significantly lower in patients with mood disorders than in controls, but this association was no longer significant after considering the effects of the above predictors. The risk in the subgroup with low TRAP levels is increased by a smoking X RR genotype interaction and decreased by male gender, the RR genotype, and higher BMI and PON1 activity. Plasma PON1 activity, the PON1 Q192R functional genotypes and specific interactions between this genotype and smoking contribute significantly to TRAP levels. Gender and BMI also appear to influence TRAP levels

Early Life Trauma Predicts Affective Phenomenology and the Effects are Partly Mediated by Staging Coupled with Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defences

Early life trauma (ELT) may drive mood disorder phenomenology, nitro-oxidative pathways and impairments in semantic memory. There are no data regarding the impact of ELT on affective phenomenology and whether these pathways are mediated by staging or lowered lipid-associated antioxidant defences