Comportamiento mecánico y corrosión marina de diversas aleaciones férricas utilizadas en buques y en sus componentes

Programa Oficial de Doutoramento en Enxeñaría Marítima. 550V01[Resumo] A corrosión é un problema que afecta diferentes partes do barco, tanto as expostas aos elementos como o interior do buque. Un factor importante no cumprimento de prazos é motor, pero tamén que a súa fabricación garanta a fiabilidade. Para determinar a adecuación do material do motor, as distintas partes son examinadas por medio dun análise químico, e unha análise de espectografía e unha proba de tracción. Os procesos que causan corrosión foron estudados no Cuarto capítulo como estudio previo aos seguintes capítulos. Revisáronse os posibles elementos implicados na súa aparición e a nomenclatura diferente dependendo da mesma, e os seus efectos. Posteriormente a corrosión interna tras tanques dun buque é estudada por ultrasóns examinando materiais tanques de auga e tanques de lastre, examinando as diferenzas en canto ao fin ao que está dedicado cada tanque. Finalmente, estúdianse dous casos de corrosión, un en cuberta e outro no casco do buque. Realízase un estudo dos resultados tras a medición de ultrasóns do grosor da folla e reflicte na súa función da localización dos efectos de fallo. A inspección realizouse tanto na obra morta do buque como na obra viva.[Resumen] La corrosión es un problema que afecta a diferentes partes del buque, tanto para las expuestas a la intemperie como las interiores del buque. Un factor importante a la hora de cumplir plazos establecidos es el motor, pero también su fabricación que asegura la fiabilidad del mismo. Para determinar la idoneidad del material del motor, las diferentes piezas se han examinado a través de un análisis químico, espectográfico y de un ensayo de tracción. Los procesos que provocan la corrosión han sido estudiados en el capítulo Cuarto como estudio previo a los siguientes capítulos. Se han revisado los posibles elementos implicados en su comienzo y la diferente nomenclatura dependiendo de los mismos, así como, sus efectos. Posteriormente se estudia la corrosión interna de los tanques de un buque, examinando por medio de ultrasonidos los materiales de los tanques de agua y los tanques de lastre, examinando las diferencias según el fin al que está dedicado cada tanque. Finalmente se estudian dos casos de corrosión en cubierta y en el casco del buque. Se realiza un estudio de los resultados obtenidos tras la medición del espesor mediante ultrasonidos de la chapa y se reflexiona sobre sus efectos dependiendo de la localización del fallo. La inspección se realiza tanto la obra muerta del buque como en la obra viva.[Abstract] The corrosion is a problem that it affects to different parts of the ship, so much for exhibited outdoors like the interiors of the ship. An important factor at the time of fulfilling established period is the engine, but also its manufacture that assures the reliability of the same one. To determine the suitability of the material of the engine, the different pieces have been examined across a chemical analysis, spectrographic test and of a tensile test. The processes, that cause the corrosion, have been studied in the chapter Fourth as previous study of the following chapters. There have been checked the possible elements involved in its beginning and the different nomenclature depending on the same ones, as well as, its effects. Later, it is studied the internal corrosion of the tanks of a ship, examining by means of ultrasounds the materials of the water tanks and the ballast tanks, examining the differences as the end to which every tank is dedicated. Finally, two cases of corrosion are studied in the deck and in the hull of the ship. A study of the results obtained after the measurements of the thickness was realized by means of ultrasounds of the sheet and one reflects on its effects depending on the location of the mistake. The inspection was realized in the parts which was or not submerged

A Dynamic Model for Construction and Demolition (C&D) Waste Management in Spain: Driving Policies Based on Economic Incentives and Tax Penalties

According to the recent Spanish legislation, the amount of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) by weight must be reduced by at least 70% by 2020. However, the current behavior of the stakeholders involved in the waste management process make this goal difficult to achieve. In order to boost changes in their strategies, we firstly describe an Environmental Management System (EMS) based on regulation measures and economic incentives which incorporate universities as a key new actor in order to create a 3Rs model (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle) in the C&D waste management with costs savings. The target areas are focused mainly on producer responsibility, promotion of low-waste building technologies and creation of green jobs to fulfill three main objectives: valorization of inert wastes, elimination of illegal landfills and stimulation of demand for recycled C&D wastes. To achieve this latter goal, we have also designed a simulation model—using the Systems Dynamic methodology—to assess the potential impact of two policies (incentives and tax penalties) in order to evaluate how the government can influence the behavior of the firms in the recycling system of C&D waste aggregates. This paper finds a broader understanding of the socioeconomic implications of waste management over time and the positive effects of these policies in the recycled aggregates market in order to achieve the goal of 30% C&D waste aggregates in 12 years or less

"Vindicación Feminista". Un caso paradigmático de exclusión en la historia del periodismo en España

La historia del periodismo español continúa ciega al género. Las mujeres periodistas no aparecen -ni sus nombres, ni sus trabajos, ni sus aportaciones-, en el relato general y tampoco tienen presencia en relatos específicos, inexistentes, tanto en los planes de estudios como en los manuales y textos de referencia. El relato de la historia del periodismo español, en realidad, es un relato de exclusión. En este artículo se propone el ejemplo de Vindicación Feminista, la revista feminista aparecida en la Transición, como paradigma de dicha exclusión básicamente, por tres razones. En primer lugar, por el momento de su nacimiento, especialmente notable desde el punto de vista social, político y mediático. En segundo lugar, porque en sus páginas escribieron las periodistas más destacadas de la época, en realidad, buena parte de las periodistas españolas más destacadas de la segunda mitad del siglo XX. Y, en tercer lugar, porque adelantó, en sus reportajes, los temas más relevantes y polémicos para la democracia que anunciaba la Transición, temas que aún están presentes en la agenda política y mediática

The role of public subsidies for efficiency and environmental adaptation of farming: a multi-layered business model based on functional foods and rural women

[Abstract]: This paper examines the role of public subsidies on farming efficiency for Spain by using a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach followed by a nonparametric regression of efficiency to farm specific factors (economic size, environmentally friendly behavior and regional aspects). The empirical analysis suggest that although a higher degree of direct payments negatively affects farm efficiency, these subsidies become an incentive for environmental friendly behavior by farmers in order to improve the productive efficiency. In turn, this proposition leads to a careful attention for the roots of agricultural productions in line to the EU aim of more market-oriented agriculture. Then, a conceptual framework was elaborated in order to propose a multi-layered model for supporting the design of a green business plan based on functional foods. This study also explores the process of generation-production-consumption of functional foods, involving not only the knowledge transfer of the healthy properties of these products but also the multiple role of rural women as producers, educators/advisors and buyers of these foods. The positioning of rural women in the whole process of functional foods results relevant to build their competitive advantage as local entrepreneurs. The leverage points of the strategic formulation of green business models were reinforced following the roadmapping methodology from a dynamic perspective: alliances with suppliers of knowledge (researchers), identification with their reference groups (investors, clients) and management of intellectual capital (structural, human, relational). Finally, findings reveal that rural women are better positioned than others to create businesses based on functional foods from a niche formulation

Public incentives and environmental taxation for a sustainable C&D waste management in Spain: an industrial ecology challenge

[Abstract] Introduction: By 2020, according to the recent Spanish legislation (Law 22/2001), the amount of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste (C&D waste) must be at least 70% by weight of the produced. However, the current behavior of the stakeholders involved in the waste management process make this goal difficult of achieving. This article examines a number of fiscal instruments to promote the prevention and control of pollution by encouraging the use this type of waste. The heterogeneity of these measures at local level requires the development of a statewide law that governs the actions designed to promote joint coordination and serve to achieve the goal of state protection. The target areas for the tax route will focus mainly on producer responsibility and the promotion of green technologies. From a causal analysis of the problem, we have designed a management model to analyze the impact of incentive policies for the Administration to use C&D waste. This model encourages a broader understanding of the technical and socioeconomic implications of sustainable construction

¿Está mi futuro profesional sesgado por las percepciones de género? Un estudio para el caso español con propuestas de políticas públicas sobre educación

[EN] This article deals with the ‘glass ceiling’ phenomenon based on the fact that a disproportionately low number of women access managerial positions by analyzing gender differences in the ‘educational profile’ and ‘professional profile perceived’. The sample is conducted among 165 undergraduate economics students (54 males and 111 females) in the final year of college in Spain at the time they were planning their future professional career. The methodology used is based on two approaches. First, an analytic model using Structural Equations Model (SEM) that leads us to explore perceptual differences in favorite subjects, professional ambitions, values associated to the workplace and mobility. Second, a causal analysis following the System Dynamics methodology to describe the women’s behavior in explaining their self-exclusion from managerial positions. Findings confirm the existence of an educational system biased by gender and reveals that while men are more ambitious professionally and show greater capacity to geographical mobility, women require greater motivation at work. Moreover, we find that the factors explaining why women are still far from reaching senior management positions are both external (gender stereotypes or organizational policies) and internal ones (self-confidence, self-esteem). Finally, we propose a set of education measures as a starting point to implement public policies which could reduce women´s barriers to break their glass ceiling.[ES] Este artículo trata el fenómeno del techo de cristal basado en el hecho de que un desproporcionado bajo número de mujeres accede a puestos de trabajo de dirección y gestión a través del análisis de las diferencias de género en el perfil educativo y el perfil profesional percibido. La muestra se realizó entre 165 alumnos y alumnas (54 hombres y 111 mujeres) cursando disciplinas relacionadas con la economía en su último año de universidad en España mientras planeaban su futura carrera profesional. La metodología utilizada está basada en dos enfoques. Primero, un modelo analítico usando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) que nos permite explorar las diferencias perceptuales en cuanto a asignaturas favoritas, ambiciones profesionales, valores asociados con el lugar de trabajo y movilidad laboral. Segundo, un análisis causal siguiendo la metodología de la Dinámica de Sistemas para describir el comportamiento de las mujeres que justifica su auto-exclusión en los puestos directivos. Los resultados confirman la existencia de un sistema educativo sesgado por género y revela que mientras los hombres son más ambiciosos profesionalmente y con mayor capacidad para la movilidad geográfica, las mujeres requieren una mayor motivación en el trabajo. Además, hemos descubierto que los factores que explican el por qué las mujeres siguen estando alejadas de los altos puestos directivos son tanto causas externas (estereotipos de género o políticas organizativas) como causas internas (autoconfianza, autoestima). Finalmente, proponemos un conjunto de medidas educativas como punto de partida para implantar políticas públicas que podrían reducir las barreras de las mujeres y romper así su techo de cristal.The third author gratefully thanks the financial support from the Xunta de Galicia (Spanish Regional Government) through Grant EM2014/051. The usual disclaimer applies

Stimulating Creative Entrepreneurial Initiatives: A flow diagram for strategic planning

[Abstract]: This paper contributes to the organizational study of the creativity applied to business innovation through the analysis of three propositions: (1) there are substantial differences between Creative Entrepreneurial Initiatives (CEIs) and non-CEIs, regarding to human capital factors, structural capital factors, intellectual property and creative value chain; (2) there are institutional, financial and educational barriers that limits the creation of CEIs in South Europe (Portugal, France, Spain), and (3) the adaptation of organizational measures of stimulus to the specificity of CEIs through a flow diagram can reduce the limiting effect of the barriers detected by CEIs. From this approach, researchers and policy makers can obtain a better understanding of the specificities of the CIEs from a sectoral, strategic and organizational focus

Enhancing Pathological Detection and Monitoring in OCT Volumes with Limited Slices using Convolutional Neural Networks and 3D Visualization Techniques

Cursos e Congresos, C-155[Abstract] Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a non-invasive imaging technique with a crucial role in the monitoring of a wide range of diseases. In order to make a good diagnosis it is essential that clinicians can observe any subtle changes that appear in the multiple ocular structures, so it is imperative that the 3D OCT volumes have good resolution in each axis. Unfortunately, there is a trade-off between image quality and the number of volume slices. In this work, we use a convolutional neural network to generate the intermediate synthetic slices of the OTC volumes and we propose a few variants of a 3D reconstruction algorithm to create visualizations that emphasize the changes present in multiple retinal structures to aid clinicians in the diagnostic processXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/24This research was funded by Government of Spain, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y Universidades, Government of Spain, RTI2018-095894-B-I00 research project; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Government of Spain through the research projects with reference PID2019-108435RB-I00, PDC2022-133132-I00 and TED2021-131201B-I00; Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade, Xunta de Galicia through the Grupos de Referencia Competitiva, grant ref. ED431C 2020/24; CITIC, as Research Center accredited by Galician University System, is funded by ”Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade from Xunta de Galicia”, supported in an 80% through ERDF Funds, ERDF Operational Programme Galicia 2014-2020, and the remaining 20% by ”Secretaría Xeral de Universidades”, grant ref. ED431G 2019/01. Emilio López Varela acknowledges its support under FPI Grant Program through PID2019-108435RB-I00 project