Radiographic findings of Intestinal Capillariasis: Case report and review literatures

Intestinal capillariasis was infection with Capillaria philippinensis in small intestine. This parasitic infestration is not common and was discovered by N.P. Salazar in a male patient at Philippine General Hospital in 1963. Infestation of the small bowel by this parasite results in severe derangement of intestinal function which included malabsorption of fat and sugar as well as severe protein and electrolyte loss. Clinical symptoms are characterized by chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, borborygmi, marked weight loss, protein and electrolyte loss and cachexia. All roentgenograms are inspected for the classical signs of the malabsorption syndrome. During 1994 - 2003, there were 62 reported cases in Thailand. The first case was reported in 1973 by Pratutsoontornsarn A. It was 18-month-old girl, who presented with chronic diarrhea. The diagnosis was made more than 6 months after admission, that took much time for diagnosis. In our case was being presented to radiographic findings, which may be important clue for early diagnosis intestinal capillariasis

Accuracy of brain computed tomography interpretation by internists at emergency room after official hour periods in HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center

Accurate initial interpretations of brain computed tomography scan (CTs) by internists and primary care physicians remain critical in decision-making and the resulting quality of care. To determine the accuracy of interpretation of brain CTs by internists in radiology department after official hour periods at the HRH Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Medical Center in Nakhon Nayok, Thailand. Between January 2011 and December 2012, 125 brain CTs imagings were requested, initially interpreted by internists and reviewed by 2 experienced radiologists. Compared interpretation results were calculated. Accurate percentages of brain CTs interpretation in ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, skull or facial fracture, intracranial mass, hydrocephalus, and brain herniation were 80.8%, 91.2%, 96.8%, 99.2%, 92%, and 92.8%, respectively. The numbers of patients in agreement interpretation were 83 (66.4%) in the agreement (AG) group, 27 (21.6%) in the disagreement significant (DS) group, and 15 (12.0%) in the disagreement insignificant (DI) group. Most interpretations of brain CTs done by the internists had shown a poor sensitivity but a high specificity. In conclusion, low accuracy of brain CTs interpretations by internists after official hour were in cases of ischemic stroke. Education in brain CTs interpretations for internists is necessary for improving the quality of treatment

The effect of oral rehydration solution and recommended home fluids on diarrhoea mortality

Background Most diarrhoeal deaths can be prevented through the prevention and treatment of dehydration. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) and recommended home fluids (RHFs) have been recommended since 1970s and 1980s to prevent and treat diarrhoeal dehydration. We sought to estimate the effects of these interventions on diarrhoea mortality in children aged <5 years

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. - A phytochemical and pharmacological review

Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (Hs, roselle; Malvaceae) has been used traditionally as a food, in herbal drinks, in hot and cold beverages, as a flavouring agent in the food industry and as a herbal medicine. In vitro and in vivo studies as well as some clinical trials provide some evidence mostly for phytochemically poorly characterised Hs extracts. Extracts showed antibacterial, anti-oxidant, nephro- and hepato-protective, renal/diuretic effect, effects on lipid metabolism (anti-cholesterol), anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive effects among others. This might be linked to strong antioxidant activities, inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), and direct vaso-relaxant effect or calcium channel modulation. Phenolic acids (esp. protocatechuic acid), organic acid (hydroxycitric acid and hibiscus acid) and anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-sambubioside) are likely to contribute to the reported effects. More well designed controlled clinical trials are needed which use phytochemically characterised preparations. Hs has an excellent safety and tolerability record. © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Interprocessor communication in wormhole-switched multicomputers

With the advances in processor technology, the processing speed is increasing at a faster rate than the speed of interconnection networks. The communication subsystem is therefore a bottleneck of the current generation multicomputers. A low-latency communication mechanism is required to improve the system performance. Most of the contemporary multicomputers use wormhole routing mechanism to support their interprocess communication. This dissertation reports techniques for improving performance of wormhole-switched multicomputers. We have developed hardware algorithms to support both unicast and multicast communications;We have studied several issues that are involved in developing low latency adaptive wormhole routing schemes for two-dimensional meshes. It is observed that along with adaptivity, balanced distribution of traffic has a significant impact on the system performance. Thus, we have developed a new fully adaptive routing algorithm called positive-first-negative-first for two-dimensional meshes that distributes the system load uniformly throughout the network;We present two new multicast frameworks for two-dimensional meshes and multistage interconnection networks (MINs). For meshes, the algorithm uses a wormhole routing mechanism and can send messages to any number of destinations within two start-up communication phases. The algorithm allows some intermediate nodes that are not in the destination set to perform multicast functions. This feature allows flexibility in the multicast path selection and therefore improves the performance. An asynchronous tree-based multicasting (ATBM) framework is developed for MINs in which deadlocks are prevented by serializing the initiations of tree operations that have a potential to create deadlocks. Using the ATBM framework, algorithms are developed for both unidirectional and bidirectional multistage interconnection networks;The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated through simulations. We have considered realistic parameters and have included the associated overheads in our experiments. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms perform significantly better than the algorithms proposed earlier.</p

Tree-Based Multicasting on Wormhole Routed Multistage Interconnection Networks

In this paper, we propose a tree-based multicasting algorithm for Multistage Interconnection Networks. We first analyze the necessary conditions for deadlocks in MINs. Based on these observations, an asynchronous tree-based multicasting algorithm is developed in which deadlocks are prevented by serializing the initiations of branching operations that have potential for creating deadlocks. The serialization is done using a technique based on grouping of the switching elements. The preliminary simulation results are encouraging as it lowers the latency by almost a factor of 4 when compared with the software multicasting approach proposed earlier. 1 Introduction Multistage Interconnection Networks (MINs) have been extensively studied and adopted as an interconnection fabric for multiprocessor systems. Multiprocessor systems increase their computing speed by performing several computations concurrently. These activities often require coordination and synchronization between processing el..