West Virginia Herbaria: Status, Updates, and Plans

The West Virginia (U.S.A.) Herbarium Curators met on December 1st, 2021, with the intent of sharing updates on the collections, fostering collaboration, learning from each other\u27s experiences, and identifying priorities for the collections towards the future. This article presents a summary of the herbaria that were represented in this meeting

Mammal-Like Organization of the Avian Midbrain Central Gray and a Reappraisal of the Intercollicular Nucleus

In mammals, rostrocaudal columns of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) regulate diverse behavioral and physiological functions, including sexual and fight-or-flight behavior, but homologous columns have not been identified in non-mammalian species. In contrast to mammals, in which the PAG lies ventral to the superior colliculus and surrounds the cerebral aqueduct, birds exhibit a hypertrophied tectum that is displaced laterally, and thus the midbrain central gray (CG) extends mediolaterally rather than dorsoventrally as in mammals. We therefore hypothesized that the avian CG is organized much like a folded open PAG. To address this hypothesis, we conducted immunohistochemical comparisons of the midbrains of mice and finches, as well as Fos studies of aggressive dominance, subordinance, non-social defense and sexual behavior in territorial and gregarious finch species. We obtained excellent support for our predictions based on the folded open model of the PAG and further showed that birds possess functional and anatomical zones that form longitudinal columns similar to those in mammals. However, distinguishing characteristics of the dorsal/dorsolateral PAG, such as a dense peptidergic innervation, a longitudinal column of neuronal nitric oxide synthase neurons, and aggression-induced Fos responses, do not lie within the classical avian CG, but in the laterally adjacent intercollicular nucleus (ICo), suggesting that much of the ICo is homologous to the dorsal PAG

Status report on sensitive lady\u27s slipper orchids (Cypripedium calceolus var. parviflorum and Cypripedium passerinum) on the Kootenai National Forest /

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Survey of Bannack State Park and vicinity for Montana plant species of special concern /

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Conservation assessment of sensitive moonworts (Ophioglossaceae; Botrychium subgenus Botrychium) on the Kootenai National Forest /

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Survey for sensitive plant species on Dutchman Mountain, Beaverhead County, /

1994

Report on the conservation status of Lesquerella carinata var. languida, a candidate threatened species /

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Survey for Botrychium paradoxum in the vicinity of Storm Lake, Deerlodge National Forest /

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Sensitive plant survey of the Tendoy Mountains, in the Beaverhead National Forest, Beaverhead County, Montana /

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Sensitive plant surveys in the Gallatin National Forest, Montana /

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