A House Built on Shifting Sands: Standing Under the Fair Housing Act After Thompson v. North American Stainless

For decades, the Supreme Court construed standing under the Fair Housing Act broadly; any party could bring suit as long as it met Constitutional Standing requirements. In January 2011, in Thompson v. North American Stainless, the Court restricted standing under Title VII—a statute with similar empowering language to the Fair Housing Act. The Court will address Fair Housing Act standing post-Thompson in Bank of America Corp. v. City of Miami. This commentary argues that standing under the Fair Housing Act should be restricted. Additionally, it argues that the allegations of the Plaintiff-Respondent, City of Miami, of widespread reductions in tax revenue as a result of discriminatory banking practices are sufficient to confer it standing under such a standard

Rent control

13 leaves"Public statement in response to the announcements by the Hon. E.R. McGill in the Manitoba Legislature, April 28.1978 and May 29,1978, on the rent control policy of the Government of Manitoba"

Assessing the Viability of Residential Wind Energy in Michigan and the United States

Honors (Bachelor's)EnvironmentUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112164/1/vaneric.pd

Assessing the Viability of Residential Wind Energy in Michigan and the United States

This study aims to investigate the economic viability of residential wind energy in Michigan and in the United States. In the Michigan analysis, the study examines the cost effectiveness of residential wind turbines in three counties - Leelanau, Huron, and Oakland. The national analysis uses electricity price information for each state along with wind data information to display cost-effective areas for residential wind. The dependent variable is how many years of energy savings from wind turbine usage will it take to pay off the cost of purchasing and maintaining the wind turbine. The independent variables tested are wind speed, electricity prices, turbine prices, and energy usage. The study uses geographic information system (GIS) software to analyze the wind and utility data spatially and to display the results. A small but significant portion of all three counties are shown to be economically advantageous for residential wind, especially under alternative usage and policy scenarios.Honors (Bachelor's)REPLACEEnvironmentUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112307/1/Final Draft.pdfDescription of Final Draft.pdf : Thesi

\u3cem\u3eIn re Grant\u3c/em\u3e: Where Does Washington Stand on Artificial Nutrition and Hydration?

The Washington Supreme Court in In re Grantsought to determine whether life sustaining treatment could be legally withheld from a terminally ill, non-comatose, incompetent individual. In its December 1987 slip opinion, a majority of the court expanded on its previous decisions empowering third parties, including guardians, families, and physicians, to withhold and withdraw life sustaining treatment from incompetent individuals. This was accomplished by characterizing artificial nutrition and hydration as removable, life sustaining medical treatment. The court also gave third parties the power to remove artificial nutrition and hydration before the incompetent individual in question slips into a coma or persistent vegetative state. After numerous, bizarre procedural twists, however, any semblance of a majority opinion disappeared, and the resulting decision serves only to further complicate an already complex and controversial issue

Washington Recognizes Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Life—A Critical Analysis—Harbeson v. Parke-Davis, 98 Wn. 2d 460, 656 P.2d 483 (1983)

The Washington Supreme Court recently recognized both wrongful birth and wrongful life causes of action in Harbeson v. Parke-Davis, Inc. The court joined a growing number of jurisdictions that grant a wrongful birth claim. In recognizing the wrongful life claim, however, the court broke with the great weight of authority. This Note briefly examines the facts of the Harbeson case. Then, in separate sections, the Note reviews the legal background for the wrongful birth and wrongful life causes of action and analyzes and criticizes the court\u27s reasoning on each claim. The analysis and criticism of the wrongful birth claim is necessary to an evaluation of the court\u27s recognition of both the wrongful birth and wrongful life claims since the court relied on its wrongful birth reasoning in recognizing the wrongful life claim. The Note concludes that the court did not adequately establish the crucial elements of a wrongful birth cause of action, though accepted tort principles support recognition of wrongful birth claims. It also concludes that the court did not adequately support its recognition of a wrongful life cause of action and that wrongful life claims are incompatible with accepted tort principles. The Note further concludes that accepted tort principles would have supported recovery in this case, making it unnecessary to allow the claims for wrongful birth and wrongful life. Finally, the Note suggests alternatives to tort litigation to ease the burden of birth defects on the deformed child and on the deformed child\u27s family

\u3cem\u3eIn re Grant\u3c/em\u3e: Where Does Washington Stand on Artificial Nutrition and Hydration?

The Washington Supreme Court in In re Grantsought to determine whether life sustaining treatment could be legally withheld from a terminally ill, non-comatose, incompetent individual. In its December 1987 slip opinion, a majority of the court expanded on its previous decisions empowering third parties, including guardians, families, and physicians, to withhold and withdraw life sustaining treatment from incompetent individuals. This was accomplished by characterizing artificial nutrition and hydration as removable, life sustaining medical treatment. The court also gave third parties the power to remove artificial nutrition and hydration before the incompetent individual in question slips into a coma or persistent vegetative state. After numerous, bizarre procedural twists, however, any semblance of a majority opinion disappeared, and the resulting decision serves only to further complicate an already complex and controversial issue

A study of the community schools concept : the Fort Rouge experiment

108 leaves : ill. ; 28 c

The Delivery System Design of a Community Mental Health Center and Provision of Quality: Cardiometabolic Screening for Persons with a Severe Mental Illness Prescribed Atypical Antipsychotic Medication

Background: Persons with a severe mental illness (SMI) prematurely lose up to 25 years of life when compared to the general population. This patient population has increased morbidity and mortality due to higher than normal rates of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Treatment of SMI often includes the use of atypical antipsychotic (AA) medication which has been associated with the development of cardiometabolic illnesses. In response to the higher rates of co-morbid, chronic physical illness, monitoring guidelines for cardiometabolic illness have been published. Despite these guidelines, screening rates for cardiometabolic illness in this population remain low. Neither community mental health nor primary care systems address the physical health concerns of persons with a severe mental illness, thus widening the quality gap for this at risk, vulnerable population. The Chronic Care Model provides a systems framework for addressing the wide range of health needs for chronically ill populations and has successfully been used in improving the quality of care for persons with chronic physical health conditions. Few published studies have used the Chronic Care Model as a framework to guide improving the quality of care for persons with a SMI. Objective: The purpose of this study was to better understand how the delivery system design of a community mental health center affects quality outcomes for persons with a SMI treated on an AA medication that are at high risk for developing cardiometabolic illness. Methods: This cross-sectional study used baseline patient health data of persons with a SMI to analyze cardiometabolic screening rates, based on the American Diabetes Association (ADA), American Psychiatric Association (APA), Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, and North American Association for the Study of Obesity second generation antipsychotic monitoring guideline. The guideline included history of cardiovascular disease and biologic monitoring at baseline, 12 weeks, and both baseline and 12 weeks. This retrospective study used existing data from an electronic health record. A member of the clinic data team electronically extracted study demographic variables. All other study variables were manually extracted by the study investigator. The theoretical basis for this study was supported by the Care Model, an adapted version of the Chronic Care Model. Results: The study sample consisted of 190 patients. The mean patient age was 37.13 years with a SD ± 11.7 years and a range of 19 - 70 years. The majority of patients were men (58.4%) and most patients were single (90.5%). More than one-half of the patients (53.7%) represented a minority race, though most patients were not Hispanic (95.3%). Most patients were not currently employed (88.9%) and nearly one-half of the patients lived below the federal poverty guidelines (47.4%). Ninety percent of the patients were enrolled in the Medicare or State Medical Assistance program. More patients in the study were diagnosed with a mood disorder (72.1%) than a thought disorder (27.9%). Most patients (61.6%) did not schedule their baseline or followup visit, but rather “walked” into the clinic without prior notice. The average number of visits during the initial treatment phase was 3.7 ± 1.4 and more than one-third of patients had the same provider at baseline and follow-up (36.3%). No patients received all recommended screening measures per the ADA and APA monitoring guideline. Biological measures (excluding history of cardiovascular disease) were evaluated for ten patients at baseline, three patients at follow-up and one patient at both baseline and follow-up. At baseline, rates for each screening measure were as follows: weight or BMI (64.2%), blood pressure (62.1%), fasting plasma glucose or hemoglobin A1c (27.9%), fasting lipid profile (8.4%) and family or personal history of cardiovascular disease (34.7%). At followup, rates of each cardiometabolic screening measure were as follows: weight or BMI (63.2%), blood pressure (61.6%), fasting plasma glucose or hemoglobin A1c (13.2%), fasting lipid profile (9.5%). Summaries of the unadjusted (r) and adjusted (beta) associations between combined delivery system design candidate variables and each of the quality outcome variables at baseline revealed associations between being a current smoker (r = .15, p = .041), having a clinic primary care provider (r = .21, p = .003), being a walk-in at baseline (r = .14, p - .048), and the number of screening measures. At follow-up, no statistically significant associations were observed. Conclusion: Data suggest that the delivery system design of a community mental health center inadequately addresses screening for cardiometabolic symptoms of persons with SMI. Findings show that adherence to the full panel of ADA and APA recommended cardiometabolic screening measures for persons treated on an AA medication is abysmal. Even rates of common screening measures, such as blood pressure, are poor. The Care Model was a useful theoretical framework to guide the study. Results of the study indicate that SMI patients may interact with the health care system differently than patients with chronic medical conditions. It is feasible that the high rate of unscheduled visits, or “walk-in” visits and number of different providers caring for patients during the initial treatment phase contributes to poor quality care. Subsequent recommendations include developing an intervention study to evaluate quality outcomes using a) an integrated care delivery design specifically for SMI patients and b) expanding the Care Model components to include the health system organization, decision support, self-management support, and clinical information systems. It is critically important that care delivery systems for persons with SMI be integrated for optimal health outcomes