Monitor Racisme & Extremisme

Public administration; Sociolog

Lymphovascular invasion quantification could improve risk prediction of lymph node metastases in patients with submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinoma

AIM: To quantify lymphovascular invasion (LVI) and to assess the prognostic value in patients with pT1b esophageal adenocarcinoma. METHODS: In this nationwide, retrospective cohort study, patients were included if they were treated with surgery or endoscopic resection for pT1b esophageal adenocarcinoma. Primary endpoint was the presence of metastases, lymph node metastases, or distant metastases, in surgical resection specimens or during follow‐up. A prediction model to identify risk factors for metastases was developed and internally validated. RESULTS: 248 patients were included. LVI was distributed as follows: no LVI (n = 196; 79.0%), 1 LVI focus (n = 16; 6.5%), 2–3 LVI foci (n = 21; 8.5%) and ≥4 LVI foci (n = 15; 6.0%). Seventy‐eight patients had metastases. The risk of metastases was increased for tumors with 2–3 LVI foci [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 3.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10–5.47] and ≥4 LVI foci (SHR 3.81, 95% CI 2.37–6.10). The prediction model demonstrated a good discriminative ability (c‐statistic 0.81). CONCLUSION: The risk of metastases is higher when more LVI foci are present. Quantification of LVI could be useful for a more precise risk estimation of metastases. This model needs to be externally validated before implementation into clinical practice

Individual risk calculator to predict lymph node metastases in patients with submucosal (T1b) esophageal adenocarcinoma:a multicenter cohort study

Background Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is possible after endoscopic resection of early esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This study aimed to develop and internally validate a prediction model that estimates the individual risk of metastases in patients with pT1b EAC. Methods A nationwide, retrospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted in patients with pT1b EAC treated with endoscopic resection and/or surgery between 1989 and 2016. The primary end point was presence of LNM in surgical resection specimens or detection of metastases during follow-up. All resection specimens were histologically reassessed by specialist gastrointestinal pathologists. Subdistribution hazard regression analysis was used to develop the prediction model. The discriminative ability of this model was assessed using the c-statistic. Results 248 patients with pT1b EAC were included. Metastases were seen in 78 patients, and the 5-year cumulative incidence was 30.9 % (95 % confidence interval [CI] 25.1 %-36.8 %). The risk of metastases increased with submucosal invasion depth (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.08, 95 %CI 1.02-1.14, for every increase of 500 μm), lymphovascular invasion (SHR 2.95, 95 %CI 1.95-4.45), and for larger tumors (SHR 1.23, 95 %CI 1.10-1.37, for every increase of 10 mm). The model demonstrated good discriminative ability (c-statistic 0.81, 95 %CI 0.75-0.86). Conclusions A third of patients with pT1b EAC experienced metastases within 5 years. The probability of developing post-resection metastases was estimated with a personalized predicted risk score incorporating tumor invasion depth, tumor size, and lymphovascular invasion. This model requires external validation before implementation into clinical practice

Islamofobie en discriminatie

Since 11 September 2001 – and especially since the murder of Theo van Gogh – Muslims and Islam have frequently been unfavourably portrayed at the heart of public debate. Manifestations of Islamophobia can be found on the Internet, in comments by the PVV, and in acts of violence committed against mosques. Dutch anti-discrimination policies are coming under pressure now that this ideology has forced its way to the centre of the political stage. How do negative connotations about Muslims come about? Where are the acts of violence taking place? Is the Netherlands the front line in the ‘clash of civilisations’, as has been claimed by politicians, opinion formers and others in the international arena? Or is it all about an exclusion mechanism? The author states that shifts in the political climate can only be fully understood if racism, ideology, and language are involved in the analysis. Her research for Islamophobia and Discrimination consisted of a study of relevant literature, an analysis of documents, and the gathering of data on the various methods people use to express their views. The translation from Dutch to English is supported by a grant from the At Home in Europe Project of the Open Society Foundations.Cette publication a été rendue possible grâce à, notamment, une demande du Centre Euro-méditerranéen Migration & Développement (EMCEMO) et au soutien financier du Conseil de la communauté marocaine à l’étranger (CCME)

Monitor Racisme & Extremisme : In en uit extreemrechts

Wat beweegt jongeren om zich aan te sluiten bij extreemrechtse organisaties en zich in de marge van de samenleving te bewegen? En waarom keren ze extreemrechts later weer de rug toe? Die vragen stelden onderzoekers van de Anne Frank Stichting aan twaalf voormalige rechtsextremisten. De onderzoekers interviewden mannen en vrouwen die veelal tot de harde kern van verschillende rechtsextremistische organisaties hebben behoord. De onderzoekers concluderen dat voormalige rechtsextremisten een nuttige rol kunnen vervullen bij het deradicaliseren van leden van extreemrechtse bewegingen. Wanneer zij nieuwkomers confronteren met hun eigen negatieve ervaringen blijkt dat zeer overtuigend te werken. Van groot belang is wel in welke fase van het radicaliseringsproces er wordt ingegrepen. De beste kans van slagen ligt in de beginfase. Maar ook tijdens de eindfase van een extreemrechtse carrière, wanneer de twijfel heeft toegeslagen, kan externe hulp doorslaggevende invloed hebben. Het onderzoek werd uitgevoerd door Ineke van der Valk, Willem Wagenaar en Froukje Demant. Informatie over de Monitor Racisme & Extremisme en alle verschenen rapportages zijn te vinden op "www.monitorracisme.nl">www.monitorracisme.nl

Pre-service physics teachers and conceptual difficulties on temperature and heat

In this article the 'lesson preparation method' was used to investigate pre-service teachers' pedagogical content knowledge, in particular their knowledge of pupils' conceptual difficulties on temperature and heat. A relation is found between the conceptual difficulties they themselves have or have had. The discussion considers what pedagogical content knowledge teacher educators should include in the initial or inservice teacher education curriculum.Dans cet article, la "méthode de planification de leçons" a été utilisée pour effectuer une recherche sur la connaissance pédagogique de contenu chez de futurs enseignants, en particulier sur la connaissance qu'ils ont des difficultés conceptuelles des élèves quant aux concepts de température et de chaleur. On a vérifié l’existence d'une relation entre les difficultés conceptuelles que les futurs enseignants prévoient chez leurs élèves et les difficultés qu'eux-mêmes ont eues ou continuent à avoir. La discussion porte sur la connaissance pédagogique de contenu que les formateurs d'enseignants devraient inclure dans la formation initiale et continue des enseignants.En este artículo se ha utilizado la metodología de preparación de clases' para investigar el conocimiento pedagógico de contenido de los futuros profesores, y en particular las dificultades conceptuales de los alumnos en relación con los conceptos de temperatura y calor. Se encontró una relación entre las dificultades que estos futuros profesores piensan que sus alumnos podrán presentar y aquellas que ellos mismos tienen o han ten ido. Se elabora una discusión sobre el conocimiento pedagógico de contenido que debería ser integrado en los programas de formación inicial y continúa del profesorado.ln diesem Aufsatz wírd die Anwendung der 'Stundemsorbereitungsmethode' beschrieben ais eines Verfah rens, um die K enntnisse von in den Berufeínsteigenden Lehrern zu untersuchen. lnsbesondere wurden konzeptuelle Probleme solcher Lehrer in den Bereichen Wãrme und Temperatur erforscht. Dabei ergab sich eín Zusammenhang zwischen den Erwartungen unerfahrener Lehrer hinsichtlich konzeptueller. Probleme ihrer Schüler und den eigenen konzeptuellen Problemen. Schlieblich werden aus diesem Zusammenhang abgeleitete Empfehlungen fur die Aus- und Weiterbildung von Lehrern dishutiert

Racismes et discours publics aux Pays-Bas

Van Der Valk Ineke, Van Dijk Teun A., Barats-Malbrel Christine, Hirsh Hillary. Racismes et discours publics aux Pays-Bas. In: Quaderni, n°36, Automne 1998. L'immigration en débat (France/Europe) pp. 145-163