Thin-layer chromatography of pigments from reaction center particles of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides

1. Pigments extracted from reaction center particles of Rhodopseudomonas spheroides were separated and identified by means of thin-layer chromatography.\ud \ud 2. The results strongly suggest that bacteriochlorophyll a is the only bacteriochlorophyll pigment present in reaction centers.\ud \ud 3. Other compounds identified are bacteriopheophytin a, ubiquinone-10 and spheroidene

Heretical Baptism in Debate

It is generally stated that acceptance of heretics in the Catholic Church without baptism has always been normal use in the church and has been confirmed by general councils. The only exceptions would be some groups in North Africa in the third through the fifth century. This opinion is mainly based on Au- gustine’s “De baptismo”. The author of this article argues that Augustine is historically incorrect and systematically weak in this respect. Baptism of converted heretics was normal, except from Rome, and even the council of Nicea confirms that normal use. The bishop of Rome in the fifties of the third century, Stephan, had his own reasons for refusing to rebaptise heretics. Augustine’s view that the baptismal rite and its salutary effect by faith can be received separately is a break with early Christian ecclesiology and its impact on the Western Church has been enormous

Voorzienigheid en verantwoordelijkheid

Providence and responsibility Providence is usually regarded as a theological concept that sets human hearts at rest. God rules our lives, and in particular those of Christians. Modern people often have problems with this idea. How can a good God rule a world with diseases and disasters? And can we actually imagine such an all-controlling power? Nevertheless, these are not the real issues concerning the concept of providence. The existential problem is that providence in the Bible has to do with responsibility: God takes responsibility for his world. This responsibility is total; it even implies responsibility and punishment for sin. Thus providence and atonement are not two separated fields of theology, but coincide. The chapter in the Bible to which the concept is originally related makes this plain: Genesis 22, and verse 8 in particular, states, “God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son”. (The Vulgate reads: “the victim for the holocaust”.) In Genesis 16-22 the word “to provide”, literally “to see” (r’h), turns out to be a key concept. Who sees? The Lord sees, Abraham sees and Hagar sees – and it is always in a situation of life and death in which they are called to responsibility to save lives. But actually these are lives that have already been sacrificed. Thus providence demands the ultimate from human beings, as it asks the ultimate from their God. Noordmans highlights this in a meditation on Matthew 6:34: “Jesus does not say this in order to lay worries to rest but in order to raise worries”. If you search for the kingship of God, all things that are needed will be given to you – such as feet to walk the second mile

Mission among the Jews

The author discusses whether the issue of mission among the Jews deals with the basic question of mission or whether it is the core of the Christian faith. Although both Jews and Christians reject the idea and (more so) mission among the Jews, the author strongly argues for its need, for mission is not the expansion of ideas or cultures, but the telling of the good news of Christ’s death and resurrection. Religion is not based on a doctrine but on an event that must be communicated to all and, first, to the people of God. The first people to do so were Jewish Christians. When Gentile Christians are called to proclaim the gospel to the Jews, they can do so only on the common ground of the Scriptures: the Old Testament. This requires knowledge of the Old Testament that is compatible with the Jewish knowledge of the Scriptures, which must be living letters of Christ as a result of the fullness of the gospel in their lives

Brombeeren aus den östlichen Niederlanden und angrenzenden Gebieten

In diesem Artikel werden mehrere neue Arten aus dem Genus Rubus L. aus dem deutsch-niederländischen Grenzgebiet beschrieben, sowie ein neuer Name für R. laetus Beek veröffentlicht.In this article some new Rubus species from the German-Dutch border region are described.R. laetus Linton is stated as the correct name for the taxon, until now called R. lintonii Focke ex Bab., and a new name is given for R. laetus Beek

Jitter in DLL-Based Clock Multipliers caused by Delay Cell Mismatch

This paper describes the jitter problem in\ud DLL-based clock multipliers that arises due to stochastic\ud mismatch in the delay cells that are used in the Voltage Controlled\ud Delay Line of the DLL [1]. An analysis is presented\ud that relates the stochastic spread of the delay of the cells to\ud the output jitter of the clock multiplier. This analysis shows\ud that relative time deviations are highest in the middle of the\ud Delay Line and proportional to the square root of the frequency\ud multiplication factor of the structure. A circuit design\ud technique, called Impedance Level Scaling, is presented\ud that allows the designer to optimize the noise and mismatch\ud behavior of a circuit independent of other specifications such\ud as speed and linearity. Applying this technique on delay cell\ud design yields a direct trade-off between noise induced jitter\ud and power usage, and between stochastic mismatch induced\ud jitter and power usage