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    A critical psychology of the postcolonial

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    Of the theoretical resources typically taken as the underlying foundations of critical social psychology, elements, typically, each of Marxism, feminism, psychoanalysis, and Post-Structuralism, one particular mode of critique remains notably absent: postcolonial theory. What might be the most crucial contributions that postcolonial critique can make to the project of critical psychology? One answer is that of a reciprocal forms of critique, the retrieval of a ‘psychopolitics’ in which we not only place the psychological within the register of the political, but - perhaps more challengingly - in which the political is also, strategically, approached through the register of the psychological. What the writings of Fanon and Biko make plain in this connection is the degree to which the narratives and concepts of the social psychological may be reformulated so as to fashion a novel discourse of resistance, one that opens up new avenues for critique for critical psychology, on one hand, and that affords an innovative set of opportunities for the psychological investigation of the vicissitudes of the postcolonial, on the othe

    Monitoring des animaux vivants : exemple d’un Ă©chantillonnage pour la dĂ©tection des PCBs et des dioxines chez les bovins de boucherie en Belgique

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    peer reviewedIn February 1999, a poisoning episode broke out in several industrial poultry farms in Belgium. The source of this contamination was found to be a stock of recycled fat that had been delivered by a firm to several compound feed producers, between 19 and 31 January 1999. A very good correlation was observed between dioxins (PCDFs and PCDDs) and PCBs. Consequently a contamination mainly by PCBs was hypothesized. This finding made it possible to detect contaminated animals and animal products by dosage of the PCBs, more specifically by the 7 congeners with numbers 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180. The advantages of the dosage of PCBs compared to dioxins were its rapid test protocol and the fact that a larger number of laboratories could participate. In the cattle sector, 409 herds (0,81 p. cent) were submitted to the risk of feed contamination. The methodology used to detect a PCBs/dioxins contamination in the Belgian cattle population that was not submitted to the risk, is presented. This population is directly or indirectly destined for human consumption. It consisted in the systematic sampling of all calve fattening stations and all lots of exported bovines, and in the random sampling of slaughter cattle. This methodology is compared to the approach described in directive 96/23/CE.La contamination par les polychlorobiphĂ©nyls PCBs/dioxines de la chaĂźne alimentaire en Belgique s'est rĂ©vĂ©lĂ©e en fĂ©vrier 1999 dans des Ă©levages industriels de volailles. Fin avril 1999, suite Ă  l'enquĂȘte alimentaire, il s'est avĂ©rĂ© que la source de contamination Ă©tait un stock de graisses recyclĂ©es ayant Ă©tĂ© livrĂ©es par une firme Ă  plusieurs fabricants d'aliments composĂ©s pour animaux, entre le 15 et le 31 janvier 1999. Une relation Ă©troite a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence entre les quantitĂ©s de dioxines (PCDFs et PCDDs) et celles des PCBs, Ă©tayant ainsi l'hypothĂšse d'une contamination principale par les PCBs. Cette constatation a permis de baser le dĂ©pistage des animaux et des produits animaux susceptibles d'avoir Ă©tĂ© contaminĂ©s sur le dosage des 7 congĂ©nĂšres PCBs numĂ©ros 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 et 180. Ce dosage offrait l'avantage d'ĂȘtre rapide et rĂ©alisable par un plus grand nombre de laboratoires contrairement Ă  celui des dioxines. En ce qui concerne le secteur des bovins, 409 troupeaux ont Ă©tĂ© soumis au risque alimentaire (0,81 p. cent du total des troupeaux belges). Ces troupeaux ont Ă©tĂ© placĂ©s sous saisie conservatoire et la levĂ©e de celle-ci a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©e soit sur base des rĂ©sultats d'enquĂȘtes Ă©pidĂ©miologiques et alimentaires, soit sur base des rĂ©sultats d'analyses PCBs/dioxines effectuĂ©es sur un Ă©chantillonnage reprĂ©sentatif des troupeaux bovins concernĂ©s ou soit sur base de la mise Ă  mort et l’incinĂ©ration de tous les bovins des 6 troupeaux pour lesquels des rĂ©sultats d’analyses PCBs/dioxines Ă©taient supĂ©rieurs aux normes fixĂ©es (PCBs : ≀ 100 ng/g MG dans le lait, ≀ 200 ng/g MG dans les graisses corporelles ; dioxines ≀ 5 pg TEQ/g MG) [Anonyme, 1999]. L'approche mĂ©thodologique qui a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour dĂ©tecter une contamination par les PCBs/dioxines au sein de la population des bovins belges non soumise au risque alimentaire est prĂ©sentĂ©e. Cette approche est basĂ©e sur l'Ă©chantillonnage systĂ©matique de toutes les stations d'engraissement de veaux, l'Ă©chantillonnage systĂ©matique des lots de bovins destinĂ©s Ă  l'exportation et l'Ă©chantillonnage alĂ©atoire des bovins abattus en Belgique durant une semaine. Cette approche est comparĂ©e Ă  celle prĂ©conisĂ©e par la directive 96/23/CE du Conseil
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