Cryopreservation of sheathed third-stage larvae of Oesophagostomum radiatum (nodular worm of cattle)

Sheathed infective larvae of Oesophagostomum radiatum were successfully cryopreserved by the use of a procedure developed for hookworms. The survival rate, as assessed by motility, was 57,9% after 42 d of cryopreservation.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat X Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Human phosphodiesterase 4D7 (PDE4D7) expression is increased in TMPRSS2-ERG positive primary prostate cancer and independently adds to a reduced risk of post-surgical disease progression

background: There is an acute need to uncover biomarkers that reflect the molecular pathologies, underpinning prostate cancer progression and poor patient outcome. We have previously demonstrated that in prostate cancer cell lines PDE4D7 is downregulated in advanced cases of the disease. To investigate further the prognostic power of PDE4D7 expression during prostate cancer progression and assess how downregulation of this PDE isoform may affect disease outcome, we have examined PDE4D7 expression in physiologically relevant primary human samples. methods: About 1405 patient samples across 8 publically available qPCR, Affymetrix Exon 1.0 ST arrays and RNA sequencing data sets were screened for PDE4D7 expression. The TMPRSS2-ERG gene rearrangement status of patient samples was determined by transformation of the exon array and RNA seq expression data to robust z-scores followed by the application of a threshold >3 to define a positive TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion event in a tumour sample. results: We demonstrate that PDE4D7 expression positively correlates with primary tumour development. We also show a positive association with the highly prostate cancer-specific gene rearrangement between TMPRSS2 and the ETS transcription factor family member ERG. In addition, we find that in primary TMPRSS2-ERG-positive tumours PDE4D7 expression is significantly positively correlated with low-grade disease and a reduced likelihood of progression after primary treatment. Conversely, PDE4D7 transcript levels become significantly decreased in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). conclusions: We further characterise and add physiological relevance to PDE4D7 as a novel marker that is associated with the development and progression of prostate tumours. We propose that the assessment of PDE4D7 levels may provide a novel, independent predictor of post-surgical disease progression

The detection of antibodies cross-reacting with Cowdria ruminantium in the sera of domestic ruminants in regions of South Africa where Amblyomma hebraeum does not occur

High levels of seropositivity, in all probability attributable to Ehrlichia, were recorded in the serum of domestic ruminants throughout districts in South Africa where Amblyomma hebraeum, the vector of the heartwater agent, does not occur. The antibodies, detected with the indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) and the indirect ELISA tests, cross-reacted with Cowdria ruminantium, which was used as antigen in both tests. A combination of the IFA and ELISA tests, currently employed to detect antibodies to C. ruminantium, facilitates the handling of appreciable numbers of sera and ensures maximum reliability.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Microfluidic device possessing structures enabling differential analysis of a single cell's constituents

A method and a micro fluidic device comprising at least one micro fluidic structure for differential extraction of nuclear and extra-nuclear constituents of a single cell, said micro fluidic structure comprising a feeding channel for receiving a volume of a sample containing at least one cell, at least one trapping structure for capturing a single cell, and at least one output channel in fluid connection with the at least one trapping structure, wherein the at least one trapping structure extends from one side of the feeding channel substantially perpendicular to longitudinal axis of the feeding channel, the at least one trapping structure possessing an aperture at its end opposite to the fluid channel and in fluid communication with an output channel, said aperture being configured to provide a narrow section such that the nucleus of a cell captured in the trapping structure cannot pass through said narrow section into the output channel

Flow cytometric analysis of the T cell response in mice infected with Cowdria ruminantium

A 3-fold increase in the numbers of Lyt-2⁺ T cells in the circulating blood of mice infected and reinfected with the Welgevonden stock of Cowdria ruminantium, as determined by flow cytometry, is supportive evidence that immunity in heartwater is cell-mediated. The rise in Lyt-2⁺ cells only after reinfection of the mice is further evidence that the development of immunity in heartwater is dependent on the unhindered and adequate replication of C. ruminantium.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201