Chitinozoan biozonation and new lithostratigraphical data in the upper Ordovician of the Fauquez and Aquempont areas (Brabant Massif, Belgium)

A chitinozoan biozonation is established for the Upper Ordovician rocks of the Sennette valley in the Fauquez area and the Asquempont area, revising the existing chitinozoan biozonation of the Brabant Massif. The chitinozoans of five formations (the Ittre, Bornival, Huet, Fauquez and Madot formations) are studied from 70 samples. The chitinozoan biozonation is correlated with Baltoscandia and the Avalonian Upper Ordovician type sections in the U.K. This correlation provides an accurate dating of the studied formations. A megaslumping event, affecting a part of the Ittre and Bornival Formation and causing the overturning of a pile of sediments estimated at minimum 200 m thick, may be placed in the mid Oandu (Cheneyan, middle Caradoc, early Stage 6"?). The volcanic rocks in the Fauquez area, formally thought to be restricted to the Ashgill, are confined to the late Caradoc - early Ashgill timespan. In addition to this, this paper presents new lithostratigraphical data on the Ittre Formation and the lower member of the Bornival Formation

Indicators of affective empathy, cognitive empathy and social attention during emotional clips in relation to aggression in three-year-olds

Research indicates that impaired empathy is a risk factor of aggression and that social attention is important for empathy. The role of social attention in associations between empathy and aggression has not yet been fully elucidated. Therefore, indicators of affective empathy, cognitive empathy, social attention, and aggression were simultaneously assessed in children aged 45 months. A total of 61 mother–child dyads participated in a lab visit, during which maternal reports of aggression were obtained. Children watched three clips showing a sad, scared, and happy child, respectively, and a neutral social clip while heart rate was recorded. Heart rate change from nonsocial baseline clips to emotional clips was calculated as an index of affective empathy. Questions about the emotions of the children in the clips were asked to assess cognitive empathy. Social attention was defined as time spent looking at faces during the clips. Correlation analyses revealed negative associations between affective empathy and aggression and between social attention and aggression. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analyses indicated that the association between affective empathy and aggression was moderated by social attention; the negative association between affective empathy and aggression was stronger in children with relatively reduced social attention. No association was found between cognitive empathy and aggression. Therefore, both affective empathy and social attention are important targets for early interventions that aim to prevent or reduce aggression

Unlocking Pain Relief for Chronic Low Back Pain: The Potential of the 4xT Method® - A Dual Case Study Analysis.

BACKGROUND The 4xT method is a therapeutic approach involving 10 sequential steps. The 4xT method uses the steps test, trigger, tape, and train, sequentially executed until the patient can train with an acceptable level of pain. The report aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of 4xT therapy in managing chronic nonspecific low back pain (LBP) after the first treatment and after 6 weeks of therapy by measuring changes in range of motion (ROM) and pain levels using the numeric rating scale (pain NRS). CASE REPORT After the first treatment, patient 1 (42-year-old woman with 16 years of LBP, having a profession requiring standing) improved substantially in ROM, increasing flexion from 57° to 104° and extension from 5° to 21°. The pain NRS during flexion decreased from 8 to 0 (after step 6), and during extension, it decreased from 6 to 0 (after step 7). Similarly, patient 2 (43-year-old man with 13 weeks of LBP, having a sedentary occupation) showed ROM improvements, increasing extension from 16° to 25° and flexion from 58° to 101°. After step 8, pain NRS during extension decreased from 7 to 1, and during flexion, it decreased from 6 to 2 (after step 3). Pain further reduced to NRS0 after training. After 6 weeks of 4xT therapy, LBP improved, and mobility substantially increased in both patients. CONCLUSIONS The 4xT method was effective in reducing pain and improving mobility in 2 LBP patients after initial treatment and 6 weeks of therapy. Further research is necessary to validate these results in larger populations

Orientation Data of Faults and Fractures crossing the Ballık travertine (Denizli Basin, SW Turkey)

The data provided in this repository are: 1. Non-georeferenced fault and fracture orientation data measured in each quarry and provided in *.csv files for reproducibility. Type of measurement: Plane (P) orientation noted in dip direction (dd)/dip (d); Lineation (L) noted in in trend (tr) / plunge (pl). In the lists, a lineation following a plane is the lineation measured on that plane. See the accompanying kml, quarry list and Fig. 2 in the paper for location of the quarries. 2. Google EarthTM Kml-file (cf. Fig. 2) presenting all fault and travertine characteristics discussed in this study. All geomorphological faults surrounding the Ballık area are indicated. Yellow dots indicate the location of the different quarries. Yellow dots are fault observation points. Faults are mapped by connecting individual fault observations. Bedding orientation is indicated by coloured areas and correspond to bedding in Fig. 2: Green areas: S-dipping travertine; Purple: N-dipping travertine; Yellow areas: W-dipping travertine; Brown areas: Marl, sandstone or conglomerate cover deposits; Blue areas: subhorizontal travertine; Blue axis: travertine domal axis.. 3. A list of quarry locations and fault type info. Quarries in the table are organised in same order as they are described in the text. NF = normal faulting, SS = newly-formed strike-slip faults, SS r. = reactivated normal faults with strike-slip kinematics

Fracture networks and strike-slip deformation along reactivated normal faults in Quaternary travertine deposits, Denizli Basin, western Turkey

The Denizli Basin in the West Anatolian Extensional Province in western Turkey is known for its numerous Quaternary travertine occurrences. Travertine morphology is often dependant on the relative position of the deposition with respect to basin-bounding faults. The travertine occurrences examined in this study are situated at the intersection of the locally E-W oriented Denizli Basin and the adjacent NE-SW oriented Baklan Graben in the NE. Based on an extensive field campaign, including LIDAR scanning, several high-resolution fault/fracture maps of five large quarries (;gt;300m in length and ;gt;60m in height) are constructed in which this world-class travertine deposit is currently excavated. A structural analysis is performed in order to determine the tectonic overprinting of the travertine body and to derive the stress states of the basin after travertine deposition. The mostly open, non-stratabound joints are several tens of metres long and often bifurcate creating a dense fracture network. Minor infill of the joints resulted in the presence of a few colour-banded calcite veins. Based on the E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE orientation of three dominant joint sets it is concluded that the joint network is caused by local N-S extension, alternated by NW-SE and NE-SW extension exemplifying the presence of stress permutations in the Quaternary. High angle E-W to WNW-ESE faults cross-cut the quarries. Faults are filled with travertine debris and clastic infill of above lying sedimentary units indicative of the open nature of the faults. The specific E-W fault orientation in the locally E-W trending Denizli Basin indicates that they initiated as normal faults. A paleostress inversion analysis performed on kinematic indicators such as striations on the clayey fault infill and the sinistral displacement of paleosols shows that some of the normal faults were reactivated causing left-lateral deformation in a transient strike-slip stress field with a NE-SW oriented ?1. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Fracture networks and strike-slip deformation along reactivated normal faults in Quaternary travertine deposits, Denizli Basin, western Turkey

The Denizli Basin in the West Anatolian Extensional Province in western Turkey is known for its numerous Quaternary travertine occurrences. Travertine morphology is often dependant on the relative position of the deposition with respect to basin-bounding faults. The travertine occurrences examined in this study are situated at the intersection of the locally E-W oriented Denizli Basin and the adjacent NE-SW oriented Baklan Graben in the NE. Based on an extensive field campaign, including LIDAR scanning, several high-resolution fault/fracture maps of five large quarries (>300m in length and >60m in height) are constructed in which this world-class travertine deposit is currently excavated. A structural analysis is performed in order to determine the tectonic overprinting of the travertine body and to derive the stress states of the basin after travertine deposition. The mostly open, non-stratabound joints are several tens of metres long and often bifurcate creating a dense fracture network. Minor infill of the joints resulted in the presence of a few colour-banded calcite veins. Based on the E-W, NE-SW and NW-SE orientation of three dominant joint sets it is concluded that the joint network is caused by local N-S extension, alternated by NW-SE and NE-SW extension exemplifying the presence of stress permutations in the Quaternary. High angle E-W to WNW-ESE faults cross-cut the quarries. Faults are filled with travertine debris and clastic infill of above lying sedimentary units indicative of the open nature of the faults. The specific E-W fault orientation in the locally E-W trending Denizli Basin indicates that they initiated as normal faults. A paleostress inversion analysis performed on kinematic indicators such as striations on the clayey fault infill and the sinistral displacement of paleosols shows that some of the normal faults were reactivated causing left-lateral deformation in a transient strike-slip stress field with a NE-SW oriented σ1. © 2013 Elsevier B.V

Hydrogeophysical Tools for Investigating Groundwater Storage in the Subsurface of a Karst System

Through the use of three different geophysical techniques, we highlight structures and groundwater storage changes in the subsurface of a karst system, in the so-called epikarst layer. An Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) has been installed onsite informing on conductivity variations directly related to changes in groundwater content within the unsaturated zone. Both relative and absolute gravimetric measurements monitor the charges and the discharges of the groundwater storage within the epikarst. Analysis of Horizontal to Vertical spectral ratio of seismic ambient noise allows investigating the structure of the epikarst and validating the robustness of ERT data