A synthesis of three decades of socio-ecological change in False Bay, South Africa: setting the scene for multidisciplinary research and management

Over the past three decades, marine resource management has shifted conceptually from top-down sectoral approaches towards the more systems-oriented multi-stakeholder frameworks of integrated coastal management and ecosystem-based conservation. However, the successful implementation of such frameworks is commonly hindered by a lack of cross-disciplinary knowledge transfer, especially between natural and social sciences. This review represents a holistic synthesis of three decades of change in the oceanography, biology and human dimension of False Bay, South Africa. The productivity of marine life in this bay and its close vicinity to the steadily growing metropolis of Cape Town have led to its socio-economic significance throughout history. Considerable research has highlighted shifts driven by climate change, human population growth, serial overfishing, and coastal development. Upwelling-inducing winds have increased in the region, leading to cooling and likely to nutrient enrichment of the bay. Subsequently the distributions of key components of the marine ecosystem have shifted eastward, including kelp, rock lobsters, seabirds, pelagic fish, and several alien invasive species. Increasing sea level and exposure to storm surges contribute to coastal erosion of the sandy shorelines in the bay, causing losses in coastal infrastructure and posing risk to coastal developments. Since the 1980s, the human population of Cape Town has doubled, and with it pollution has amplified. Overfishing has led to drastic declines in the catches of numerous commercially and recreationally targeted fish, and illegal fishing is widespread. The tourism value of the bay contributes substantially to the country’s economy, and whale watching, shark-cage diving and water sports have become important sources of revenue. Compliance with fisheries and environmental regulations would benefit from a systems- oriented approach whereby coastal systems are managed holistically, embracing both social and ecological goals. In this context, we synthesize knowledge and provide recommendations for multidisciplinary research and monitoring to achieve a better balance between developmental and environmental agendas

Trade Regimes And Welfare In Lesotho

The main objective the study was to assess the impact of the erosion of existing preferential trade access on the economy of Lesotho using a Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) and Computable General Equilibrium model (CGE). The erosion of preferential trade access negatively affect Lesotho’s international trade, as textile is the country’s largest export industry by far. It appears also as the result of erosion the textile industry reduce the quantity of textile products exported; price of imported textiles increase and the quantity decrease, as a result, negatively affect Lesotho household’s welfare measured in terms of equivalent variation (EV), particularly urban area. The probable effect on some macro-economic variables cannot be regards as significant. The erosion of preferential access trade certainly illustrates the need for Lesotho to strive towards diversification of export products. Export diversification is a complex issue. It is not simply a matter of looking for the next miracle product to give a magic answer. It is about providing a solid infrastructure within an economy and building upon that foundation this includes strong regional and global linkages. It is about where to put your priorities in order to maximise the marginal gain to the economy of Lesotho

PR - ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LIVESTOCK THEFT IN THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA

All the provinces in South Africa are affected by livestock theft and this threatens the profitability and sustainability of livestock farmers. Animal products comprised 49% of the total gross value of South Africa’s agricultural products in 2014/15. In 2014, livestock losses amounted to approximately R509 million and the main concern is that official statistics are underestimated. While available literature has investigated the direct costs of stock theft, no scientific investigation has focused on the indirect cost of stock theft. To ascertain the true financial impact of livestock theft, both the direct and indirect costs are required. The primary objective of this study is to determine the financial impact of livestock theft in the Eastern Cape Province. In order to achieve this, the direct cost of livestock theft (value of the livestock lost), as well as the indirect cost of livestock theft (the financial impact of loss-controlling practices), will be investigated. The total annual cost of livestock theft in the Eastern Cape Province according to the data, was calculated at R196 167 623. This value emphasizes the importance of livestock theft control in the Eastern Cape

PR - Factors Affecting Small Livestock Predation In The Western Cape Province Of South Africa

Small livestock farmers in South Africa suffer from increasing losses due to predation. Predation losses increased to such an extent that small livestock farming in not viable any more in certain small livestock producing areas. The objective of this study is to determine the predation losses due to predators and identifying the variables that influences the occurrence and level of predation. This can help to develop management systems to reduce predation losses. The black-backed jackal and the caracal are two important medium-sized predators species among the South African wildlife, but they have a negative impact on the livestock industry in South Africa, especially among sheep and goats. The Western Cape Province of South Africa incurred losses in 2010 up to R 104 980 967 ($ 1 165 663). The physical monetary value attached to predation in this study was only the direct cost of predation and do not include indirect cost of controlling damage-causing animals. It was hypothesised that the variables affecting the occurrence of predation and the variables that affected the level of predation was not the same. Therefore, it was necessary to use the Probit and Truncated regression models. The information collected in this study showed that predation is a serious problem for the South African small livestock sector. This study does not answer all questions on predation, but provides valuable information in understanding the magnitude or extent of predation and some of the factors influencing predation on farms

Implementation Considerations Using HPV Self-Collection to Reach Women Under-Screened for Cervical Cancer in High-Income Settings

The success of cytology (Pap screening) programs is undeniable and has drastically reduced cervical cancer rates in high-income settings where it has been implemented [...

Nitazoxanide in the treatment of Ascaris lumbricoides in a rural zone of Colima, Mexico

Functionalized carbene ligands: Increasing the steric bulk of R1 on 1 from H to tBu results in lengthening of the M-N bond (by up to 9 %), lowered activation energy for chelate opening (cf. 2) by 17 kcal mol -1, and improved binding of an amine and intramolecular hydrogen bonding (3). Iridium species with R1=tBu are effective catalysts of base-free intramolecular hydroamination, unlike less-hindered analogues. Copyright " 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.",,,,,,"10.1002/chem.201100521",,,"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12104/41220","http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-79957957253&partnerID=40&md5=e5f420da903f48ac5c6ea8173f95b40d",,,,,,"24",,"Chemistry - A European Journal",,"660