2,057 research outputs found
Contextualisation of humanitarian assistance and its shortcomings in International Human Rights Law
This article challenges the idea that contextualisation of humanitarian aid affects the principle of universality of human rights as well as the principles of neutrality and impartiality. It seeks to demonstrate that contextualisation will not only improve access, delivery and protection: contextualising a mission also enables aid workers to respect the local context without impacting negatively upon universal human rights. The author argues that affecting the societies in which aid is delivered is inevitable. The key then becomes to avoid endorsing indirect cultural relativism. This is why the article puts forward the idea of creating a yardstick or a test that would help in deciding which beliefs and values are to be included when considering the context, and which should be excluded. The process of selection of values and beliefs is to be operated by an empowered local population. The filter suggested in the case at hand is the Muslim legal instrument of maslaha, which protects the public interest. The use of this filter can be efficient only if Islamic authoritative sources are interpreted differently, in a reformist fashion, to try and match universal human rights law. This is possible through the Muslim theories advocating change. Muslim beneficiaries who are vulnerable as a result of a disaster or during a conflict provide an opportunity to test the filter of maslaha, looking at how an empowered community can change and influence the agendas of aid agencies
What if? An experiment to include a religious narrative in the approach of the European Court of Human Rights
According to some interpretations of Islam supported by gender activists, the veil can be perceived as a passport that enables women to participate in public affairs. This argument has been overlooked by the courts, including the European Court of Human Rights. The latter has adopted a discourse that considers the veil to be a threat to public order and gender equality, and more recently, an obstacle to social cohesion. By doing so, the Court has excluded veiled European Muslim women from the public sphere. The Court has justified curbing freedom of religion by granting states a wide margin of appreciation on the basis of the concept of âliving together.â I argue that the Court needs to take the âpassport veilâ into account to be consistent with its argument on living together. A shift of approach and discourse would constitute a new way of understanding integration through the veil
Quantification of cytoskeletal deformation in living cells
In order to get a better insight in the mechanisms causing tissue damage there is an interest from within the biology community to quantify cellular deformations upon external loading. The cytoskeleton plays an important role in the transmission of forces throughout the cell. This study aims to quantify deformation by applying image matching algorithms on confocal microscopy images
Childrenâs sensitivity to speaker accuracy and explanatory competence with biological concepts
This thesis investigated childrenâs selective trust in contexts that extend beyond a direct comparison of a distinctly accurate labeller with a distinctly inaccurate labeller in the domain of artifacts. First, it was examined whether childrenâs evaluations of informant trustworthiness is similar across the biological domain and the domain of artifacts. Second, it was investigated how children interpret novel labellers when compared to accurate and inaccurate labellers. Finally, children were presented with informants who provided functional or surface information for body parts to determine whether they prefer learning from informants who provided functional explanations. Across five experiments, children aged between 3 and 8 years of age (N = 379) were tested. The main findings were as follows: (a) 4- and 5-year-olds knew more about external body parts than internal organs; (b) 5-year-olds began to appreciate that speakers offering novel information were more trustworthy than those offering inaccurate information; (c) 4- to 8-year-olds had difficulty with distinguishing between informants who provided either functional explanations or obvious descriptions for highly unfamiliar organs; (d) however, when presented with informants who provided either functional or obvious information for highly familiar body parts, 8-year-olds (and to some extent, 5-year-olds) showed better recall of which informant provided a particular type of explanation, but they did not consider either informant to be a more trustworthy source. These findings indicate that children demonstrate selective trust in the biological domain, as well as in contexts that go beyond comparing accurate and inaccurate labellers. It is apparent that children are balanced in their evaluations of informants who provide new information, as well as those provide information that varies in explanatory depth. However, they are yet to fully consider functional explanations to be superior to superficial descriptions
Brief Report: Eye Movements During Visual Search Tasks Indicate Enhanced Stimulus Discriminability in Subjects with PDD
Subjects with PDD excel on certain visuo-spatial tasks, amongst which visual search tasks, and this has been attributed to enhanced perceptual discrimination. However, an alternative explanation is that subjects with PDD show a different, more effective search strategy. The present study aimed to test both hypotheses, by measuring eye movements during visual search tasks in high functioning adult men with PDD and a control group. Subjects with PDD were significantly faster than controls in these tasks, replicating earlier findings in children. Eye movement data showed that subjects with PDD made fewer eye movements than controls. No evidence was found for a different search strategy between the groups. The data indicate an enhanced ability to discriminate between stimulus elements in PDD
Study of odd-mass N=82 isotones with realistic effective interactions
The microscopic quasiparticle-phonon model, MQPM, is used to study the energy
spectra of the odd , N=82 isotones. The results are compared with
experimental data, with the extreme quasiparticle-phonon limit and with the
results of an unrestricted shell model (SM)
calculation. The interaction used in these calculations is a realistic two-body
G-matrix interaction derived from modern meson-exchange potential models for
the nucleon-nucleon interaction. For the shell model all the two-body matrix
elements are renormalized by the -box method whereas for the MQPM the
effective interaction is defined by the G-matrix.Comment: Elsevier latex style espart, 26 pages, submitted to Nuclear Physics
« Ending sexual abuse and exploitation: a guide for child protection in Iran ». Wittier Journal of Child and Family Advocacy, Vol. 29, N°1, automne 2007, pp. 63-107.
LâA. propose une sĂ©rie de recommandations pour amĂ©liorer la situation des droits de lâenfant en Iran. Elle prend pour illustration les abus sexuels commis Ă lâencontre des enfants. Elle suggĂšre de briser le tabou qui entoure ce sujet et de ce fait lâignorance des Iraniens. Elle analyse les consĂ©quences Ă©motionnelles et physiques ainsi que lâimpact sur le dĂ©veloppement de lâenfant. Son projet vise Ă alerter le gouvernement de la situation actuelle pour que le droit soit rĂ©formĂ© en accord avec ..
« The Conservative Wave Rolls On ». Journal of Democracy, vol. 16, n° 4, october 2005, pp. 9-22.
LâA. fait le bilan de lâĂ©lection prĂ©sidentielle de 2005 et de son dĂ©roulement. Il sâinquiĂšte du rĂ©sultat : lâĂ©lection dâun conservateur populiste non religieux ne peut que participer Ă la consolidation du pouvoir conservateur et va Ă lâencontre des dĂ©sirs de la sociĂ©tĂ© civile exprimĂ©s lors de lâĂ©lection prĂ©sidentielle de 1997. La thĂšse de lâarticle est que lâĂ©lection prĂ©sidentielle de 2005 marque une transition de pouvoir des post islamistes aux post rĂ©volutionnaires et post khomeynistes. Il ..
« Quel Avenir pour lâAfghanistan ». Etudes, vol. 407, N° 4, 2007, pp. 297-307.
LâA. analyse la situation dans laquelle se trouve le gouvernement afghan et le prĂ©sident Karzai. Selon lui, le prĂ©sident a jusquâen 2009, date des prochaines Ă©lections prĂ©sidentielles, pour appliquer son programme, mais il ne peut le faire seul. Il doit notamment travailler Ă la nouvelle gouvernance, la remise en route de lâĂ©conomie et la sĂ©curitĂ©
« Female Inmates in Afghanistan ». Compendium, vol. 32, N° 5, September-October 2007, pp. 32-34.
Cet article est le rĂ©sultat dâune Ă©tude menĂ©e pour les Nations Unies. Lâobjet est de faire le point sur la situation des femmes dĂ©tenues en Afghanistan et dâanalyser les opportunitĂ©s de rĂ©insertion aprĂšs leur libĂ©ration. LâA. propose la crĂ©ation dâun programme de rĂ©habilitation ainsi quâun programme de rĂ©insertion sociale. La majoritĂ© de ces femmes ont commis des crimes qui nâen sont pas pour les nations occidentales (comme celui de prendre la fuite aprĂšs avoir Ă©tĂ© battue). Lâarticle attire d..
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