Review of computational fluid dynamics for wind turbine wake aerodynamics

This article reviews the state-of-the-art numerical calculation of wind turbine wake aerodynamics. Different computational fluid dynamics techniques for modeling the rotor and the wake are discussed. Regarding rotor modeling, recent advances in the generalized actuator approach and the direct model are discussed, as far as it attributes to the wake description. For the wake, the focus is on the different turbulence models that are employed to study wake effects on downstream turbines

Review of CFD for wind-turbine wake aerodynamics

This article reviews the state of the art of the numerical calculation of wind-turbine wake aerodynamics. Different CFD techniques for modeling the rotor and the wake are discussed. Regarding rotor modeling, recent advances in the generalized actuator approach and the direct model are discussed, as far as it attributes to the wake description. For the wake, the focus is on the different turbulence models that are employed to study wake effects on downstream turbines

Flow and wakes in large wind farms in complex terrain and offshore

Power losses due to wind turbine wakes are of the order of 10 and 20% of total power output in large wind farms. The focus of this research carried out within the EC funded UPWIND project is wind speed and turbulence modelling for large wind farms/wind turbines in complex terrain and offshore in order to optimise wind farm layouts to reduce wake losses and loads

Computation of bubbly flows with a mass-conserving level-set method

The subject of this thesis is the computation of bubbly flows. Bubbly flows occur for example in chemical reactors, boiling, fuel injectors and coating. The bubbles and the surrounding fluid are modeled directly without phase averaging. This is the most fundamental approach of describing multi-phase flows. Every bubble is modeled in great detail. Since the model is so demanding, an efficient numerical approach has to be taken. This work aims to develop an efficient, robust method for the direct numerical simulation of multi-phase flows. There exist two incompressible fluids (e.g. air and water) that are separated by an interface. The interface is a moving, internal boundary, where density and viscosity change discontinuously and surface tension forces act. When the governing equations are discretized, the question arises how to deal with this interface. Various methods have been put forward to treat moving boundary problems. The two methods that are of most interest are the so-called Volume-of-Fluid method and the Level-Set method. With both methods a coloring function is used to identify the individual phase. The interface is implicitly defined, which allows arbitrarily shaped interface. The advection of the interface is the key part of this thesis, for which the Level-Set approach is chosen. The major disadvantage of the Level-Set method is that the mass of each individual phase is not conserved when the interface is advected. Additional effort is necessary and in this research the Volume-of-Fluid function is used to conserve mass. The method is applied to a falling drop and a rising bubble in two and three dimensions, respectively. Merging of rising bubbles is studied for two aligned and two misaligned bubbles. Comparison with other numerical work and experimental data is made.Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc