Guia de museus como meio de envolvimento de crianças em idade escolar primária no patrimônio histórico e cultural

The purpose of the work was to study the cognitive interest of primary school-aged children in the historical and cultural heritage, in order to create children's guide-book to the Museum-reserve “Kazan Kremlin”, located in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Russia.Theoretical and empirical research methods were used to solve the assigned tasks. The analysis of pedagogical and museological literature was performed. Questionnaire survey and interviewing were carried out, followed by mathematical analysis of the sample.The experience of museum pedagogy was used as a theoretical method. In the course of its studying it was revealed, that younger schoolchildren were attracted by external effects and practical orientation of excursions. And the most effective way was the creation of game situation, in which the child was stimulated to make individual discovery.The study was based on a specially developed questionnaire for children of primary school age, for their parents and museum workers of the complex “Kazan Kremlin”.Based on the results of collected data, the guide-book was developed. It includes learning games, which contain historical, art and religious information, adapted to the group of children 7-10 years old.El propósito del trabajo fue estudiar el interés cognitivo de los niños en edad escolar primaria en el patrimonio histórico y cultural, con el fin de crear una guía para niños de la reserva del museo "Kazan Kremlin", ubicado en la República de Tatarstán, Kazán, RusiaSe usaron métodos de investigación teóricos y empíricos para resolver las tareas asignadas. Se realizó el análisis de la literatura pedagógica y museológica. Se llevaron a cabo cuestionarios y entrevistas, seguidos de un análisis matemático de la muestra.La experiencia de la pedagogía museística se utilizó como método teórico. En el curso de su estudio se reveló que los escolares más pequeños se sentían atraídos por los efectos externos y la orientación práctica de las excursiones. Y la forma más efectiva fue la creación de la situación del juego, en la que el niño fue estimulado para hacer un descubrimiento individual.El estudio se basó en un cuestionario especialmente desarrollado para niños de edad escolar primaria, para sus padres y trabajadores de museos del complejo "Kazan Kremlin".Con base en los resultados de los datos recopilados, se desarrolló la guía. Incluye juegos de aprendizaje, que contienen información histórica, artística y religiosa, adaptada al grupo de niños de 7-10 añosO objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o interesse cognitivo das crianças em idade escolar primária do património histórico e cultural, a fim de criar um guia para reserva crianças museu "Kazan Kremlin", localizada na República de Tatarstan, Kazan . RússiaMétodos de pesquisa teórica e empírica foram utilizados para resolver as tarefas atribuídas. A análise da literatura pedagógica e museológica foi realizada. Questionários e entrevistas foram realizados, seguidos de uma análise matemática da amostra.A experiência da pedagogia do museu foi usada como método teórico. No curso de seu estudo, revelou-se que as crianças mais jovens eram atraídas pelos efeitos externos e pela orientação prática das excursões. E a maneira mais eficaz foi a criação da situação do jogo, em que a criança foi estimulada a fazer uma descoberta individual.O estudo foi baseado em um questionário especialmente desenvolvido para crianças em idade escolar primária, para seus pais e trabalhadores de museus do complexo "Kazan Kremlin".Com base nos resultados dos dados coletados, o guia foi desenvolvido. Inclui jogos de aprendizagem, que contêm informações históricas, artísticas e religiosas, adaptadas ao grupo de crianças de 7 a 10 anos

Problems of formation and development of the lawmaking institute

In article the legislative process mechanism through legal institution of lawmaking is researched. The purpose of article is to determine elements of lawmaking which at the same time are impact factors on legislative process. The research of the main system components of lawmaking allowed to formulate the main components of lawmaking, to determine unity of understanding the legislative process, the lawmaking subjects status. It is offered to provide institute of lawmaking with a legal regulation. Insufficiency of legal regulation of the legislative process mechanism generates ambiguity of the argumentation of the lawmaking subjects status, legal technology, the nature of an origin of laws. So, the technique of a bill statement is deprived of the due legal basis; the lawmaking mechanism by consideration of the bill (especially proceeding in subjects of the Russian Federation) isn't provided with the legal base in proper amount; to number of requirements, shown to lawmaking subjects: it is offered to add requirements for qualification

A local constitutive model for the discrete element method. Application to geomaterials and concrete

This paper presents a local constitutive model for modelling the linear and non linear behavior of soft and hard cohesive materials with the discrete element method (DEM). We present the results obtained in the analysis with the DEM of cylindrical samples of cement, concrete and shale rock materials under a uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) test, different triaxial tests, a uniaxial strain compaction (USC) test and a brazilian tensile strength (BTS) test. DEM results compare well with the experimental values in all cases

Mössbauer spectroscopy under acoustical excitation: thick target effects

© 2017, Springer International Publishing AG. A new model of Mössbauer absorption (transmission) spectra with an adequate analysis of the possible effects of acoustic excitation in the thick targets is proposed. In particular, the dependence of the line width of acoustical satellites on the degree of phase correlation of the sound oscillations of resonant nuclei in the target is established by calculations and confirmed in experiment. Such a model is stimulated by an increase in the informativeness of the Mössbauer experiments, using thick samples in ultrasound (US) field, and by possible applications of this research technique. The test measurements of Mössbauer absorption spectra on stainless steel are carried out. The fitting of these spectra confirms the relevance of modifications of the model base of Mössbauer processes in US field

Microstructure and magnetic properties of multilayered [Fe/Pt]n structures prepared by successive deposition

The structure and magnetic properties of multilayered [Fe/Pt]n structures prepared by successive magnetron sputtering of Fe and Pt plates and deposition of Fe and Pt layers on a preliminarily heated glass substrate have been studied as functions of the number n and thickness of the layers. Mössbauer studies and measurements of magnetic hysteresis loops (MH) have established that [Fe/Pt]n films for n = 16 exhibit primarily magnetic anisotropy normal to the film plane. Data obtained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) strongly suggest that the films have an interface between the substrate and the multilayered structure. Our micromagnetic modeling leads to the conclusion that the magnetic anisotropy oriented normal to the [Fe/Pt]n film plane (for n = 16) is induced by formation of an anisotropic interface. © 2013 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

Magnetic and Mössbauer studies of L1<inf>0</inf>–FePt/Fe/Ta multilayer structures

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Magnetic L10–FePt(10 nm)/Fe(t, nm)/Ta(2 nm) (t is the Fe film thickness that is varied from 0 to 15 nm) multilayer structures have been prepared by magnetron codeposition. The 2-nm-thick Ta layer is a corrosion protection. The magnetization reversal processes and the magnetic interactions have been studied. The hysteresis loops measured in the plane of a single-layer L10–FePt films demonstrate a near-linear behavior. N the magnetic multilayer FePt(10 nm)/Fe(t, nm)/Ta(2 nm) system, in which the Fe layer thickness is smaller than 3 nm, the FePt/Fe system behaves as a single-phase magnetic material and the coercivity is close to the values determined by the Zeeman energy. In the case when the Fe layer thickness in the magnetic multilayer FePt(10 nm)/Fe(t, nm)/Ta(2 nm) structure is larger than 3 nm, the hysteresis loops measured in the structure plane indicate that the FePt/Fe film possesses the properties analogous to the properties of a soft magnetic material. The Mössbauer studies showed that the minimal deviation of the magnetic moments on the normal to the multilayer structure surface was observed as the Fe layer thickness is 1 nm. The increase in the Fe layer thickness to values higher than 1 nm led to the increase in the angle of deflection θ to ~40° at t = 15 nm. In this case, the coercivity of the multilayer structure slowly decreased, because of the limitations of the exchange bond length between the FePt and Fe layers. The measured values of the coercivity were optimized using relationship 1/tFe1.15

A Massive Jet Ejection Event from the Microquasar SS 433 Accompanying Rapid X-Ray Variability

Microquasars occasionally exhibit massive jet ejections which are distinct from the continuous or quasi-continuous weak jet ejections. Because those massive jet ejections are rare and short events, they have hardly been observed in X-ray so far. In this paper, the first X-ray observation of a massive jet ejection from the microquasar SS 433 with the Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) is reported. SS 433 undergoing a massive ejection event shows a variety of new phenomena including a QPO-like feature near 0.1 Hz, rapid time variability, and shot-like activities. The shot-like activity may be caused by the formation of a small plasma bullet. A massive jet may be consist of thousands of those plasma bullets ejected from the binary system. The size, mass, internal energy, and kinetic energy of the bullets and the massive jet are estimated.Comment: 21 pages including 5 figures, submitted to Ap

Magnetic anisotropy of multilayer [Fe/Pt]n structures

The possibility of controlling the magnetic anisotropy of multilayer [Fe/Pt]n structures grown by magnetron sputtering of Fe and Pt plates by varying number n of layers is studied. Mössbauer spectroscopy data and measured magnetic hysteresis loops demonstrate that the multilayer [Fe/Pt]n structures at n = 16 have a predominantly perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and micromagnetic simulation point to the presence of intermediate layers enriched in iron ions in the structures. The magnetic anisotropy perpendicular to the surface of the [Fe/Pt]n films at n = 16 is found to be caused by the anisotropy of the intermediate layers. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd

The museum guide as a means of participation of children of primary school age in the historical and cultural heritage

El propósito del trabajo fue estudiar el interés cognitivo de los niños en edad escolar primaria en el patrimonio histórico y cultural, con el fin de crear una guía para niños de la reserva del museo "Kazan Kremlin", ubicado en la República de Tatarstán, Kazán., Rusia.Se usaron métodos de investigación teóricos y empíricos para resolver las tareas asignadas. Se realizó el análisis de la literatura pedagógica y museológica. Se llevaron a cabo cuestionarios y entrevistas, seguidos de un análisis matemático de la muestra.La experiencia de la pedagogía museística se utilizó como método teórico. En el curso de su estudio se reveló que los escolares más pequeños se sentían atraídos por los efectos externos y la orientación práctica de las excursiones. Y la forma más efectiva fue la creación de la situación del juego, en la que el niño fue estimulado para hacer un descubrimiento individual.El estudio se basó en un cuestionario especialmente desarrollado para niños de edad escolar primaria, para sus padres y trabajadores de museos del complejo "Kazan Kremlin".Con base en los resultados de los datos recopilados, se desarrolló la guía. Incluye juegos de aprendizaje, que contienen información histórica, artística y religiosa, adaptada al grupo de niños de 7-10 años.&nbsp;The purpose of the work was to study the cognitive interest of children of primary school age in the historical and cultural heritage, in order to create a guide for children of the reserve of the museum "Kazan Kremlin", located in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan ., Russia.Theoretical and empirical research methods were used to solve the assigned tasks. The analysis of the pedagogical and museological literature was carried out. Questionnaires and interviews were carried out, followed by a mathematical analysis of the sample.The experience of museum pedagogy was used as a theoretical method. In the course of their study, it was revealed that the youngest schoolchildren were attracted to the external effects and practical orientation of the excursions. And the most effective way was to create the play situation, in which the child was stimulated to make an individual discovery.The study was based on a questionnaire specially developed for children of primary school age, for their parents and museum workers of the "Kazan Kremlin" complex.Based on the results of the collected data, the guide was developed. Includes learning games, containing historical, artistic and religious information, adapted to the group of children from 7-10 years

Influence of the film thickness and additional elements (Al, O, and N) on the properties of FeCo film structures

The magnetic properties and domain structure of FeCoAlON thin films with thicknesses varying from 55 to 550 nm have been studied, and conditions favoring preparation of FeCoAlON films with uniaxial anisotropy in the direction normal to the film plane, which is required for designing "perpendicular" super-high-density information recording, have been established. In FeCoAlON films with a thickness up to 300 nm, the domain structure consists of cross-linked domain walls, because strong demagnetizing field suppresses formation of stripe domains. After the film thickness has reached 320 nm, cross-linked domain walls transform into stripe domains, with uniaxial anisotropy in the film plane disappearing, to become replaced by uniaxial anisotropy in the direction normal to the film plane, which can be assigned to magnetoelastic stresses induced by nitrogen atoms filling up interstitial space in the (110) plane. A further increase in the film thickness (up to 550 nm) leads to a rotational anisotropy due to the increase of nitrogen concentration in interstitials and the increase of magnetoelastic stresses. © 2014 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd