The effect of six weeks of voluntary wheel running exercise on hepatic superoxide dismutase levels and apoptosis-inducing factor after doxorubicin administration in aging model rats

Background: In the last decade, cancer incidence increases progressively with age and older patients cannot participate in treatment programs due to the special physical condition and side effects of anti-tumor drugs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of six-week voluntary wheel running exercise on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced hepatotoxicity in aging model rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar male rats were randomly assigned to exercise and control groups with 4 subgroups. All subjects received a daily injection of D-galactose for nine weeks (100 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneally). The training protocol included six weeks of voluntary wheel running exercise. Doxorubicin was administrated intraperitoneally (1mg/kg/day) for 15 days. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) levels were measured after liver tissue homogenization by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Administration of cumulative dose of DOX caused no significant decrease in SOD and AIF levels (P=0.797, and P=0.869, respectively). Six weeks of voluntary wheel running exercise led to insignificant decrease in SOD and insignificant increase in AIF in comparison to the control group (P=0.377, and P=0.948, respectively). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, the six-week voluntary wheel running exercise has no significant effect on DOX-induced hepatotoxicity in aging model rats

Impact of exercise in high-humidity on heart rate variability and salivary oxidative stress in obese and lightweight asthmatic children

BACKGROUND: Asthma and obesity are becoming increasingly common among children. Such conditions are known to negatively affect both cardiac autonomic function and oxidative stress. We therefore investigated the heart rate variability (HRV) and oxidative (malondialdehyde, MDA) response to exercise within a high humidity environment (similar to 65%) in obese and lightweight asthmatic children. METHODS: Forty-two children participated in this study and were categorized into four groups: obese asthmatic (OA, N.=10), obese non-asthmatic (ONA, N.=15), lightweight asthmatic (LA, N.=10), and lightweight non-asthmatic (LNA, N.=7). Time-domain and nonlinear indices of HRV were assessed at rest, during, and immediately after exercise. Further, saliva samples were collected immediately before and after exercise and analyzed for the determination of MDA. RESULTS: HRV significantly decreased during and after exercise compared to baseline (P<0.05) with short-term fractal scaling exponent (alpha 1) for the LNA group significantly smaller than the OA group after exercise (P<0.05). In contrast, the long-term fractal scaling exponent (alpha 2) was greater after exercise compared to baseline and during exercise for all groups (P<0.05). MDA significantly decreased after exercise compared to baseline (P<0.05). We also found significant correlations after exercise between salivary levels of MDA with HRV components (i.e., RMSSD, SD1, and alpha 2) in asthmatic groups (all P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that exercise in high humidity environment does not significantly differentiate the autonomic response among children with various conditions (i.e., obese, asthmatic and healthy). However, a significant relationship was found between HRV and MDA in asthmatic children after exercise, highlighting the inter-relationship between oxidative stress markers and autonomic function in asthmatic children

Is sub-chronic exercise in Combination with medicinal nanoparticles a protective strategy against Doxorubicin-induced Hepatic oxidative stress and apoptosis in aging model rats?

Objective(s): Oxidative stress and apoptosis are the major side effects of doxorubicin (DOX) and the advantages accruing fromexercise and some medicinal herbs in mitigation of these toxic side effects is well documented. But so far, the effects of exercise in combination with medicinal nanoparticles on oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling simultaneously, in liver tissue are unknown. Hence, we investigated whether Treadmill Runningin combination with Nanocurcumin protects the liver tissue against these toxic side effects (oxidative stress and apoptosis) simultaneously of DOX treatment in aging rats induced by D-galactose. Materials and Methods: Fifty-six Wistar male rats received a daily injection of D-galactose (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) then randomly assigned to 7 sub-groups. The training protocol included treadmill running progressively between 25 to 54 min/day and 15 to 20m/min, 5 days/week for six weeks. DOX (1 mg⋅mL−1⋅kg−1⋅day−1) was administrated intraperitoneally for 15 days and Nanocurcumin was administrated orally for 2 weeks (100 mg/kg/day). Results: Nanocurcumin Consumptionled to insignificant increase in SOD, MDA and insignificant decrease in AIF levels. Treadmill runningled to insignificant increase in SOD and insignificant decrease in AIF and MDA levels. The combination of Treadmill runningand Nanocurcumin led to significant decrease in MDA and insignificant increase in SOD and insignificant decrease in AIF levels. Conclusion: In conclusion, Treadmill runningexerciseand Nanocurcumin partly mitigates the toxic side effects of DOX treatment. But this amount of treatment does not play a required role against DOX-induced hepatic damage

Efficacy of Taurine Supplementation on Markers of Atherothrombosis and Atherogenesis Following Exercise Protocol Bruce Modified in Elderly Men with Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Myocardial infarction&nbsp;(MI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Taurine, an essential amino acid, plays a critical role in cardiovascular function. The present study was accomplished to investigate the beneficial role of&nbsp;taurine on&nbsp;atherogenesis and atherothrombosis indexes in patients with MI. &nbsp; Materials & Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 16 cases, 50 to 60 years old suffering from myocardial infarction were randomly classified into two experimental (taurine supplement) and placebo groups. The subjects of the experimental group took 3 supplement capsules containing 500 mg of taurine before the 3 daily meals. The placebo group took 3capsules containing starch, at the same time as the experimental members. Plasma blood sampling was carried out on the subjects at baseline level and after the modified Bruce protocol with and without taurine supplements or placebo in the same conditions. &nbsp; Findings: There were no statistically significant differences in the general data, such as age, weight, BMI and Vo2max between the taurine supplement group and the control (P<0.05). Taurine supplementation caused significant decrease in the LDL-C/HDL-C ، TC/HDL-C، TG/HDL-C and Plate/HDL-C ratios in the supplementation and placebo groups at baseline level as well as after exhaustive exercise with modified Bruce protocol.&nbsp; &nbsp; Discussion & Conclusion: Our investigation results confirm the significance of dietary intervention in patients with MI. Taurine&nbsp;may be an essential candidate to enrich nutrition supports for critically ill patients, although more researches seem necessary to get at a conclusive consideration

The interactive effects of two forced and voluntary exercise training method and Nanocurcumin supplement on doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in aging induced by D-galactose

Background: Doxorubicin (DOX) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent that causes hepatotoxicity via depletion of anti-oxidants and activation of apoptosis. Present study was aimed to investigate the interactive effects of two forced treadmill running and voluntary wheel running exercise training method and Nanocurcumin supplement on hepatic damage, in aging model subjects. Methods: This experimental research was performed in animals and exercise physiology laboratory of Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Iran, in April, 2014. The statistical population was eighty Wistar male rats that, received a daily injection of D-galactose solution for nine weeks (100 mg/kg body weight per day, i.p.) and then, they randomly assigned to 10 groups. The forced treadmill running protocol was progressively between 25 to 54 min/day at the intensity of 15 to 20 m/min for 5 days per week for six weeks and voluntary wheel running exercise was six weeks. DOX was administrated for 15 days (1 mg/mL/kg body weight per day, i.p.). Nanocurcumin supplement was administrated for 14 days (100 mg/kg body weight per day. orally). Superoxide dismutase and apoptosis inducing factor levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Implementation of two forced treadmill running and voluntary wheel running exercise with Nanocurcumin supplement, respectively led to insignificant decrease and increase in superoxide dismutase levels in comparison with the implementation of this exercise methods alone (P= 0.955 and P= 1.000, respectively). Apoptosis Inducing Factor levels following these two training method with Nanocurcumin supplement, has insignificant decrease in comparison with the implementation of this exercise methods alone (P= 1.000 and P= 1.000, respectively). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that, however implementation of these training methods with Nanocurcumin supplement, partly mitigates the side effects of doxorubicin, but this level of intervention is not sufficient to protect against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity in aging model rats

Relationship of bronchodilator response with oxygen pulse and ventilatory threshold in children with asthma: the effect of body composition and progressive aerobic activity in an environment with low humidity

Background: Asthma is a leading cause of chronic illness in children, impacting heavily on their daily complications. The purpose of the present study was to relationship bronchodilator response (BDR) with oxygen pulse (OP) and ventilatory threshold (VT) in asthma children with various body compositions during progressive aerobic activities. Material and Methods: 25 obese children (BMI>25 and %fat>30)with asthma(10 subjects), and healthy children (15 subjects)&nbsp; and 25 lean children(BMI<20 and %fat<20) with asthma(13 subjects), and healthy children (7 subjects) performed an exercise protocol in a constant temperature environment 2 &plusmn; 22 &deg; C and humidity (5 &plusmn; 35%). During exercise, the steady-state levels of cardio-respiratory parameters were measured using gas analyzer (K4B2). Results: The results showed that after a progressive aerobic activity, values peak oxygen consumption(vo2peak) ​​, bronchodilator(BDR), oxygen pulse(OP) and ventilatory threshold(VT) &nbsp;in lean and obese asthmatic children were lower than in healthy lean and obese children. In addition, lean children with asthma had lower VT and higher VO2peak , OP and BDR values​​, as compared obese asthmatic children. Between BDR and VT in lean and obese asthmatic children an inverse relationship between BDR and OP and a direct link to asthma in obese children and obese asthmatic children, there was a negative relationship non-significant. Conclusion: Compared with lean children, asthma, obesity as an additional load will affect lung function and increase the pressure on childhood asthma. Therefore, we can accept that obesity may limit performance of exercise in childhood asthma

Age-related effect of aerobic exercise training on antioxidant and oxidative markers in the liver challenged by doxorubicin in rats

The aims of the current study were to investigate the oxidant and antioxidant status of liver tissue challenged by doxorubicin and to examine the possible protective effects of aerobic exercise on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress. Seventy-two rats were divided into three age groups (Young, Adult, and Elderly) with three treatment subgroups consisting of eight rats per age group: doxorubicin, aerobic exercise + doxorubicin, and aerobic exercise + saline. The experimental groups performed regular treadmill running for 3 weeks. Doxorubicin was administered by i.p. injection at a dosage of 20 mg kg(-1 )while the aerobic exercise + saline group received saline of a comparable volume. Heat shock protein 70, malondialdehyde, glutathione peroxidase, and protein carbonyl were determined from the liver homogenates following the intervention period. Treatment with doxorubicin induced hepatotoxicity in all groups with lower values of oxidative stress in young compared with the older groups. The inclusion of aerobic exercise training significantly increased heat shock protein 70 and antioxidant enzyme levels (glutathione peroxidase) whereas it decreased oxidative stress biomarkers (malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl) for all age groups. These results suggest that aerobic exercise training may be a potential, non-drug strategy to modulate doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity through its positive impact on antioxidant levels and oxidative stress biomarkers