The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: A Renewed Call to Participation

Over the past two decades, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) Staging Project has been a steady source of evidence-based recommendations for the TNM classification for lung cancer published by the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer. The Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee of the IASLC is now issuing a call for participation in the next phase of the project, which is designed to inform the ninth edition of the TNM classification for lung cancer. Following the case recruitment model for the eighth edition database, volunteer site participants are asked to submit data on patients whose lung cancer was diagnosed between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2019, to the project by means of a secure, electronic data capture system provided by Cancer Research And Biostatistics in Seattle, Washington. Alternatively, participants may transfer existing data sets. The continued success of the IASLC Staging Project in achieving its objectives will depend on the extent of international participation, the degree to which cases are entered directly into the electronic data capture system, and how closely externally submitted cases conform to the data elements for the project

Finding needles in haystacks : linking scientific names, reference specimens and molecular data for Fungi

DNA phylogenetic comparisons have shown that morphology-based species recognition often underestimates fungal diversity. Therefore, the need for accurate DNA sequence data, tied to both correct taxonomic names and clearly annotated specimen data, has never been greater. Furthermore, the growing number of molecular ecology and microbiome projects using high-throughput sequencing require fast and effective methods for en masse species assignments. In this article, we focus on selecting and re-annotating a set of marker reference sequences that represent each currently accepted order of Fungi. The particular focus is on sequences from the internal transcribed spacer region in the nuclear ribosomal cistron, derived from type specimens and/or ex-type cultures. Reannotated and verified sequences were deposited in a curated public database at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), namely the RefSeq Targeted Loci (RTL) database, and will be visible during routine sequence similarity searches with NR_prefixed accession numbers. A set of standards and protocols is proposed to improve the data quality of new sequences, and we suggest how type and other reference sequences can be used to improve identification of Fungi.The Intramural Research Programs of the National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine and the National Human Genome Research Institute, both at the National Institutes of Health.http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA177353am201

Multigene sequencing provides a suitable epitype, barcode sequences and a precise systematic position for the enigmatic, African <I>Cantharellus miniatescens</I>

Cantharellus miniatescens is lectotypified. An epitype sequenced for four gene regions (LSU, mitSSU, RPB2 and Tef1-alpha) is selected among recent collections from Cameroon and Central African Republic and fully described and illustrated. Complete ITS sequences have been deposited as barcodes. The systematic position is determined using a multigene phylogenetic analysis which places this species in Cantharellus subg. Pseudocantharellus in agreement with its morphological features.</p

Molecular analyses of first collections of &lt;I&gt;Elaphomyces&lt;/I&gt; Nees (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota) from Africa and Madagascar indicate that the current concept of &lt;I&gt;Elaphomyces&lt;/I&gt; is polyphyletic

First collections are reported for Elaphomyces species from Africa and Madagascar. On the basis of an ITS phylogeny, the authors question the monophyletic nature of family Elaphomycetaceae and of the genus Elaphomyces. The objective of this preliminary paper was not to propose a new phylogeny for Elaphomyces, but rather to draw attention to the very high dissimilarity among ITS sequences for Elaphomyces and to the unfortunate choice of species to represent the genus in most previous phylogenetic publications on Elaphomycetaceae and other cleistothecial ascomycetes. Our study highlights the need for examining the monophyly of this family and to verify the systematic status of Pseudotulostoma as a separate genus for stipitate species. Furthermore, there is an urgent need for an in-depth morphological study, combined with molecular sequencing of the studied taxa, to point out the phylogenetically informative characters of the discussed taxa.</p

Wisconsin chanterelles revisited and first indications for very wide distributions of &lt;I&gt;Cantharellus&lt;/I&gt; species in the United States East of the Rocky Mountains

The authors discuss and illustrate several American collections of Cantharellus that are in one way or another related to species that have previously been reported or described from Wisconsin. These new collections indicate that the potential distribution area of many of these chanterelles may be much larger than generally assumed. Cantharellus deceptivus sp. nov. is described as new cryptic look-alike of C. phasmatis and problems related to the narrow species concept of C. flavus and C. phasmatis are discussed; C. iuventateviridis sp. nov. is described as closest southern relative to C. chicagoensis. Microscopic features of C. chicagoensis and C. flavus are illustrated for the first time. Cantharellus spectaculus is considered a later synonym of C. persicinus on morphological criteria.</p

Almost one century later... &lt;I&gt;Cantharellus avellaneus&lt;/I&gt; finally rediscovered!

The authors report on a brown chanterelle collected in the sandy soils of Madagascar’s east coast. As this specimen agrees entirely with the protologue of C. avellaneus, it is here described and proposed as epitype for this apparently rare chanterelle that was first described in 1924 by Narcisse Patouillard. Its systematic placement as part of Cantharellus subg. Parvocantharellus sect. Congolenses is demonstrated using a multigene phylogeny and its complete ITS barcode sequence is provided.</p

&lt;I&gt;Cantharellus quercophilus&lt;/I&gt; sp.nov. and its comparison to other small, yellow or brown American chanterelles

Cantharellus quercophilus est décrite et illustrée d\u27une savane à Quercus stellata au Texas, USA. Une comparaison morphologique de cette espèce avec les chanterelles américaines les plus similaires complète la discussion, notamment C.tabernensis, C.appalachiensis, C.septentrionalis et C.minor. Les holotypes de toutes ces espèces ont été examinés pour vérifier le concept couramment appliqué. Pour d\u27autres chanterelles, notre examen des holotypes indique clairement qu\u27elles sont proches de Craterellus tubaeformis, genre dans lequel ces espèces sont donc transférées : les recombinaisons Craterellus convolvulatus (A.H.Sm.) Eyssart. &amp; Buyck comb. nov., Craterellus flavobrunneus (R.H.Petersen) Eyssart. &amp; Buyck comb. nov., Craterellus pallidipes (R.H.Petersen) Eyssart. &amp; Buyck comb. nov., Craterellus sphaerosporus (R.H.Petersen) Eyssart. &amp; Buyck comb. nov., Craterellus subperforatus (A.H.Sm.) Eyssart. &amp; Buyck comb nov. sont introduites.Cantharellus quercophilus. is described and illustrated from a post-oak savannah in Texas, USA. Morphological differences with other, small yellowish brown American Cantharellus species are discussed, mainly C.tabernensis, C.appalachiensis, C.septentrionalis and C.minor. The type specimens for all these Cantharellus have been reexamined to verify the currently applied species concepts. Some of the examined types of Cantharellus clearly belong in the Craterellus tubaeformis species complex and these are here transferred to the latter genus: Craterellus convolvulatus (A.H.Sm.) Eyssartier &amp; Buyck comb. nov., Craterellus flavobrunneus (R.H.Petersen) Eyssartier &amp; Buyck comb. nov., Craterellus pallidipes (R.H.Petersen) Eyssartier &amp; Buyck comb. nov., Craterellus sphaerosporus (R.H.Petersen) Eyssartier &amp; Buyck comb. nov., Craterellus subperforatus (A.H.Sm.) Eyssartier &amp; Buyck comb nov. are introduced.</p

The dilemma of species recognition in the field when sequence data are not in phase with phenotypic variability

This contribution on the genus Cantharellus in North America introduces three new look-alikes of already known species in the eastern United States and thereby exposes the problem of species delimitation in Cantharellus. The small, reddish pink to orange C. corallinus sp. nov. is yet another look-alike of C. cinnabarinus, while the new C. flavolateritius is proposed as a new southern relative of C. lateritius. Both new species are, however, genetically clearly divergent. Such a scenario of “cryptic species” corresponds to a concept that is widely admitted even by field mycologists and therefore easily accepted. In contrast, typical forms of the here newly described C. velutinus sp. nov. are nearly indistinguishable from C. lateritius, but the phenotypic variability of this new species (as supported by phylogenetic inference of the TEF-1 gene) is so impressive that it is hard to accept that the various observed phenotypic forms all belong to a single species as indeed suggested by their identical sequence data. The latter scenario, that of lumping easily separable phenotypic forms in the field under a single species epitheton encounters much more criticism from most field mycologists and is only reluctantly accepted.</p

&lt;I&gt;Cantharellus coccolobae&lt;/I&gt; sp. nov. and &lt;I&gt;Cantharellus garnieri&lt;/I&gt;, two tropical members of &lt;I&gt;Cantharellus&lt;/I&gt; subg. &lt;I&gt;Cinnabarinus&lt;/I&gt;

This paper attributes two more species to Cantharellus subg. Cinnabarinus: the here newly described C. coccolobae, a strict associate of Coccoloba species in subtropical and tropical America, and the New Caledonian C. garnieri. A multigene analysis places both species in a genus phylogeny and their macro- and microscopic features are illustrated and discussed.</p

Untangling the Central African &lt;I&gt;Cantharellus&lt;/I&gt; sect. &lt;I&gt;Tenues: Cantharellus minutissimus&lt;/I&gt; sp. nov. and epitypification of &lt;I&gt;Cantharellus alboroseus&lt;/I&gt;

Cantharellus section Tenues was originally created for four new, very small, redorange- yellow Central African chanterelles with a more or less fistulose stipe, short basidia and an omphaloid habit. The type species, C. tenuis, is here considered unrelated to the other three species as it is the only species having clamp connections. All four species remain poorly known and need to be recollected and epitypified with recently collected, sequenced specimens that comply to the original description. In this paper, C. alboroseus is epitypified, and an equally small species, C. minutissimus, is introduced. Both species are systematically placed using a multigene phylogeny.</p