Entorno de simulación de la gestión de una FPGA bidimensional, parte de un sistema computador de propósito general basado en HW

FPGA Simulator 1.0 simula el comportamiento de una FPGA bidimensional dinámicamente reconfigurable. La simulación consiste en la gestión de una cola de tareas de tamaño rectangular (simple), con la posibilidad de multitarea, lo que permite ejecutar simultáneamente varias de estas tareas. La ubicación de las tareas dentro de la FPGA se lleva a cabo mediante un algoritmo previamente implementado que gestiona el espacio libre en la FPGA. Este algoritmo gestiona las tareas en espera de ejecución, las que están ejecutándose actualmente en la FPGA y las que han terminado de ejecutar. Nuestra solución FPGA Simulator 1.0 permite gestionar tanto la FPGA como la lista de tareas en espera a través de una sencilla e intuitiva interfaz gráfica. El algoritmo encargado de la ubicación de las tareas también puede ser configurado manualmente. Entre la diversidad de algoritmos existentes (p.e. First-Fit (FF), Best-Fit (BF), First-Fit-Decreasing (FFD) y Best-Fit-Decreasing (BFD)), el algoritmo utilizado en nuestra solución es el Bin Packing MER, que ubica las tareas en el MER (Maximun Empty Rectangle) o Máximo Rectángulo Vacío. Trabajar con distintas FPGAs y listas de tareas se convierte en una tarea sencilla gracias a la exportación de estos elementos a ficheros de texto, que permite tanto abrir y guardar como modificar los elementos involucrados en la simulación. A parte, el uso de ficheros incrementa la versatilidad del producto, permitiendo la exportación de elementos a otros ordenadores. FPGA Simulator 1.0 permite además guardar la configuración de una simulación concreta de manera que se pueda reproducir en cualquier momento. Dado el carácter determinista de los algoritmos utilizados, una misma configuración desemboca en un mismo resultado, de forma que el almacenamiento de resultados se simplifica con el uso de un fichero de texto absolutamente independiente, que también es completamente portable. A parte de la creación de un entorno de simulación, FPGA Simulator 1.0 proporciona además una idea general del comportamiento de la simulación por medio de métricas. Estas métricas, que deben ser utilizadas de manera orientativa, se basan en la utilización del espacio libre de la FPGA, y consisten en la ocupación media y la ocupación instantánea (en porcentaje) del espacio de la FPGA. La comparación de estas métricas como resultado de la ejecución de diferentes algoritmos sobre un mismo entorno de simulación nos puede dar un acercamiento al comportamiento real de los algoritmos. La versión actual de FPGA Simulator 1.0 sólo está disponible para plataformas Windows (windows 95, 98, NT, 2000 y XP) Implementando en Borland C++ Builder, este software presenta una gran estabilidad y rapidez de ejecución, al igual que un mínimo consumo de recursos de sistema. La posibilidad de incorporar manualmente nuevos algoritmos de ejecución convierte este producto en un software de gran utilidad en el campo de la investigación. [Abstract] FPGA Simulator 1.0 simulates the behavior of a dynamically reconfigurable bidimensional FPGA. Simulation consists of a rectangular task queue managemente (simple tasks) with a multitask posibility, which implies the simultaneous execution of several tasks. The task allocation within the FPGA is done through a previously programmed algorithm, which manages the free space in the FPGA. The task management involves the waiting for execution tasks, currently executing, and already finished ones. Our solution FPGA Simulator 1.0, enables the management of both the FPGA and the task queue throug an easy and intuitive graphic interface. The algorithm used to allocate the tasks con also be manually configured. Between many other existing ones (p.e. First-Fit (FF), Best-Fit (BF), First-Fit-Decreasing (FFD) y Best-Fit-Decreasing (BFD)),Bin Packing MER was the final algorithm used in our product. Bin Packing MER allocates tasks in the Maximum Empty Rectangle available at a given moment. The exportation of elements such as FPGAs and task queues to text files translates into a clear enhancement of the working capabilities, specially when working with different types of these kind of elements. The use of text files increases the product's versatility, as these elements can be exported to other copmputers with a minimum amount of space expense. FPGA Simulator 1.0 allows saving concrete simulatin configurations for later execution Given that the algorithms used are deterministic, two identical configurations imply same results. Thus, results storage is simplified by the use of absolutely independent text files, wich are also portable. Apart from creating a simulation environment, FPGA Simulator 1.0 offers a general view of the algorithms behavior trough the metrics. These metrics, which should be used only in an orientative way, are based on the available free space in the FPGA. The two metrics used are the current occupation and the average occupation (in percentage). The comparison of the metrics obtained out of the execution of different algorithms over the same simulation environment can give us an approximate idea of the real behavior of th algorithms. The current version of FPGA Simualtor 1.0 is only supported under Windows platforms (Windows 95, 98, NT, 2000 and XP). Programmed under Borland C++ Builder, this software displays a great stability and execution time, at the same time as it consumes a minimum amount of system resources. The possibility of adding manually new algorithms provides this software with a great utility withing the scope of investigation

The oldest post-Paleozoic (Ladinian, Triassic) brachiopods from the Betic Range, SE Spain

Triassic brachiopods from the Betic Range were unknown hitherto. Herein we describe the first brachiopod occurrences in the early Ladinian of this domain referable to a new genus and species Misunithyris goyi derived from three localities of the south-Iberian Triassic outcrops. The analysis of internal and external characters of this brachiopod allowed to characterize systematically and biogeographically this fauna in a chronostratigraphic interval when the paucity of brachiopod records is attributable to the entire peri-Iberian epicontinental platform system established in the westernmost Tethyan margin. The new record is endemic to the Betic Range and represents a new faunal constituent of the multicostate zeillerids stock. This fauna inhabited the epicontinental seas of the Sephardic bioprovince since a closer affinity with the low-latitude Tethyan assemblages is revealed. The possible linkage of the Triassic stock with the Early–Middle Jurassic multicostate zeillerid representatives suggests feasible phylogenetic relationships between both groups.This research was supported by projects CGL2015-66604-R (MINECO, Government of Spain), the Research Groups VIGROB-167 (University of Alicante), and RNM 325 (Junta de Andalucía)

Modelling genetic evaluation for dressage in Pura Raza Español horses with focus on the rider effect

The most popular use of the Pura Raza Espanol horse in sport is for dres- ~ sage competitions. Tests on young sport horses were first established in 2004 in Spain to collect data for the genetic evaluation of this breed’s suitability for dressage. The aim of this study was to compare eight different models to find out the most appropriate way to include the rider in the genetic evaluation of dressage. A progressive removal of systematic effects from model was also analysed. A total of 8867 performance records collected between 2004 and 2011 from 1234 horses aged between 4 and 6 years old were used. The final score in the dressage test was used as the performance trait. The pedigree matrix contained 8487 individuals. A BLUP animal model was applied using a Bayesian approach with TM software. The horse’s age, gender, travelling time, training level, stud of birth and event were included as systematic effects in all the models. Apart from the animal and residual effects that were present in all models, different models were compared combining random effects such as the rider, match (i.e. rider–horse interaction) and permanent environmental effects. A cross-validation approach was used to evaluate the models’ prediction ability. The best model included the permanent environmental, rider and match random effects. As far as systematic effects are concerned, the event or the stud of birth was essential effects needed to fit the data

Control interno de la ejecución presupuestal en la gestión de salud 2020

La investigación tuvo como objetivo caracterizar el control interno de la ejecución presupuestal en la gestión de salud 2020. La investigación fue básica de diseño descriptivo con revisión sistemática, las revisiones sistemáticas son investigaciones científicas en las cuales la unidad de análisis son los estudios originales primarios, constituyen una herramienta esencial para sintetizar la información científica disponible. Conclusiones, los artículos científicos, corresponde a diferentes bases de datos, todos ellos corresponden al tipo y diseño de estudios descriptivos. El 70% de los estudios de sistemas financieros influyen en la vida sostenible en el contexto de la crisis económica, debido a que demandan políticas, condiciones y consecuencias de afección pública; y el sistema financiero tiene un impacto social lógicamente distinto en los diferentes países del mundo. El 70% concluye un sistema sólo no es importante porque demanda de la responsabilidad, competencias y comportamiento de las personas para su buen funcionamiento y sobretodo integrado con todos los componentes del Estado. Un sistema integrado de administración financiera se atribuye al control administrativo y financiero con competencias integrales para el uso y disposición de los recursos públicos con utilización eficiente y eficaz de los recursos asignados por el Estado

Poesías de José Amador de los Rios

XXIV, 294 p

Influence of Stress Assessed through Infrared Thermography and Environmental Parameters on the Performance of Fattening Rabbits

Rabbits often experience stress when they perceive certain stimuli, such as handling. The physiological response of animals to stress and temperament is associated with feeding efficiency, with those with the least capacity to react to stress showing the highest performance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of stress due to heat (temperature-humidity index; THI) or handling, assessed using infrared thermography, on the performance parameters of rabbits of a Spanish Common breed. Thirty-nine rabbits were analyzed during a 38-d fattening period at two times of the year: a cold period and a warm period. The rabbits’ stress due to handling was assessed by the temperature difference taken in the inner ear, before and after being handled. The animals were more productive in the cold season. Temperature-humidity index significantly influenced average daily gain (ADG) and daily feed intake (DFI). Rabbits with higher levels of stress showed higher ADG, DFI and feed conversion ratio (FCR) values. The greater the stress due to handling, the less efficient the animals were. FCR increased with higher THI. It was concluded that changes in animal welfare caused by the rabbits’ reactivity to both climatic and individual factors affect animal productivit

Relationship between rectal temperature measured with a conventional thermometer and the temperature of several body regions measured by infrared thermography in fattening rabbits. Influence of different environmental factors

[EN] In clinical examination of rabbits, the temperature is usually recorded with a digital thermometer introduced rectally, an invasive procedure that could cause handling stress. The aim of this study was to assess body temperature using infrared thermography (IRT) in four areas of the rabbit’s anatomy: eye (ETT), outer ear (OETT), inner ear (IETT) and nose (NTT), and then validate it as an alternative measure to rectal temperature (RT) assessed with a conventional thermometer. Temperature samples were taken twice a week from 48 weaned rabbits of Spanish Common Rabbit breed during a 38-d fattening period. The factors considered were: doe from which the rabbits came (8 does), weeks of fattening period (4 to 5 wk), batch (3 periods of the year: April-May, June-July and January-February) and group size (cages with 1 to 7 rabbits). On average, the results were an RT of 38.48±0.02 °C; ETT of 37.31±0.05 °C; OETT of 29.09±0.26°C; IETT of 30.53±0.251 °C, and NTT of 33.29±0.11 °C (mean±se). Moderate, statistically significant positive correlations (P<0.001) were observed between RT and temperatures measured with infrared thermography (IETT, OETT, ETT and NTT), both in general (0.39 to 0.49) and intraclass (0.36 to 0.39), based on the batch, group size, week of fattening period and doe. The thermographic measurements which showed the highest correlation with RT were OETT and IETT. We also studied the effects that could influence the temperature variables evaluated by IRT and RT within each batch: for each week of the fattening period, for the group size and for the doe effect. We found significant differences (P<0.001) between weeks within the batch, with a tendency for the temperature of the rabbits to increase as the fattening period progressed. The doe effect (within the batch) did not show, on the whole, any statistically significant differences within batches. On the other hand, we did observe a trend towards higher temperatures as the group size increased. In conclusion, infrared thermography is an effective tool for body temperature assessment and correlates closely with RT, with IETT appearing as the best reference point for taking body temperature in fattening rabbits. Infrared thermography appeared as a suitable alternative to RT for body temperature assessment in rabbits, thus avoiding handling stress.Jaén-Téllez, JA.; Bartolomé, E.; Sánchez-Guerrero, MJ.; Valera, M.; González-Redondo, P. (2021). Relationship between rectal temperature measured with a conventional thermometer and the temperature of several body regions measured by infrared thermography in fattening rabbits. Influence of different environmental factors. World Rabbit Science. 29(4):263-273. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2021.15556OJS263273294Ardiaca M., Brotóns N.J., Montesinos A. 2010. Aproximación a las urgencias y cuidados intensivos en conejos, psitácidas y reptiles. Clín. Vet. Peq. 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Sci., 140: 177-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.03.027Zimmerman J.J., Karriker L.A., Ramirez A., Schwartz K.J., Stevenson G.W. 2012. Diseases of swine. Iowa State University Press, Iowa, USA

Gene drives, mosquitoes, and ecosystems: an interdisciplinary approach to emerging ethical concerns

Gene drives are genetic elements that in sexually reproducing organisms spread faster than those transmitted through a Mendelian fashion. Since gene drives can be engineered to modify different aspects of physiology and reproduction, they have been proposed as a new and revolutionary tool to control vector-borne diseases, particularly those transmitted by the genera Anopheles and Aedes (Culicidae), such as malaria, Dengue and Zika virus. This approach may impact on human health by lowering the transmission of such devastating diseases. However, the release of genetically modified mosquitos (or other species) into the environment raises a series of questions related to the still incipient technology and our present understanding of the complex structure and dynamics of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Moreover, there are ethical concerns about human interventions in natural ecosystems that may eventually impact our way of living or the ecosystems themselves. This work is an interdisciplinary approach that analyzes from a biological, philosophical, and theological perspective the potential ecological impacts on natural environments of the release of genetically modified species, focusing on gene drive-modified mosquitos. It includes theological approach from a Catholic point of view (although it could be easily shared by other Christians) because we hold that world religions give valuable insights even though not everyone may share their groundings. We conclude that the focal problem is the relationship between humans and nature, and the release of genetically modified species may change this relationship unpredictably. However, given the complex interactions in ecosystems, new approaches such as Earth Stewardship principles could provide new and more widely accepted answers involving biological, philosophical, and theological concepts that will help engaging all relevant actors to make a better world

Efficacy of Dry Needling and Acupuncture in Patients with Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that involves chronic pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance and impaired quality of life and daily functioning. In addition to medical and psychological therapies, other therapies including acupuncture and dry needling aim to reduce pain and disability in patients with FM. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of dry needling and acupuncture in patients with FM regarding pain, function and disability in both the short and the long term. MEDLINE, PubMed, SCOPUS and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trial studies evaluating efficacy data of dry needling or/and acupuncture treatments to improve pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance and impaired quality of life and/or daily function. A qualitative analysis including the methodological quality and a systematic data synthesis was performed. A total of 25 studies addressed the selection criteria. Most studies had an acceptable methodological quality. Four studies assessed the effect of dry needling, and twenty-one studies assessed the effect of acupuncture. In general, both interventions improved pain, anxiety, depression, fatigue, stiffness, quality of sleep and quality of life. However, both techniques were not compared in any study. Acupuncture and dry needling therapies seems to be effective in patients with FM, since both reduced pain pressure thresholds, anxiety, depression, fatigue, sleep disturbances and disability in the short term. It is still required to compare both techniques and their application in the long term.Sección Deptal. de Radiología, Rehabilitación y Fisioterapia (Enfermería)Fac. de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y PodologíaTRUEpu

Health service use and costs associated with aggressiveness or agitation and containment in adult psychiatric care:A systematic review of the evidence

BACKGROUND: Agitation and containment are frequent in psychiatric care but little is known about their costs. The aim was to evaluate the use of services and costs related to agitation and containment of adult patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital or emergency service. METHODS: Systematic searches of four electronic databases covering the period January 1998-January 2014 were conducted. Manual searches were also performed. Paper selection and data extraction were performed in duplicate. Cost data were converted to euros in 2014. RESULTS: Ten studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis (retrospective cohorts, prospective cohorts and cost-of-illness studies). Evaluated in these studies were length of stay, readmission rates and medication. Eight studies assessed the impact of agitation on the length of stay and six showed that it was associated with longer stays. Four studies examined the impact of agitation on readmission and a statistically significant increase in the probability of readmission of agitated patients was observed. Two studies evaluated medication. One study showed that the mean medication dose was higher in agitated patients and the other found higher costs of treatment compared with non-agitated patients in the unadjusted analysis. One study estimated the costs of conflict and containment incurred in acute inpatient psychiatric care in the UK. The estimation for the year 2014 of total annual cost per ward for all conflict was €182,616 and €267,069 for containment based on updated costs from 2005. CONCLUSIONS: Agitation has an effect on healthcare use and costs in terms of longer length of stay, more readmissions and higher drug use. Evidence is scarce and further research is needed to estimate the burden of agitation and containment from the perspective of hospitals and the healthcare system. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0417-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users